How to Choose a Dog Breeder

When you decide to get a puppy you should investigate both adoption and purchasing from a breeder. If you go with a breeder it is important to choose the right one. Dogs and puppies require a certain standard of care that your breeder should meet or exceed. To find the right breeder for you, ask your vet or kennel club for suggestions. Ask many questions of your breeder choice and plan at least one visit to their facility.

Method 1
Method 1 of 3:

Locating Potential Dog Breeders

  1. A good breeder will specialize in 1-2 specific breeds so it is important that you choose your type of dog first. Consider your lifestyle and personal preferences. Some areas to think about: activity level, friendliness with others pets or children; trainability; size or final weight; grooming requirements; coat length and type; age; sex. [1]
    • Make sure you're aware of the common health conditions that might affect your specific breed of dog. Look up how you can screen for these health conditions and make sure that the breeder follows those guidelines. [2]
  2. If you are looking for a pure breed dog your best resources is the American Kennel Club (AKC) and its local chapters. Go to the AKC website to find your local chapter. This group will then put you into contact with a breeder referral expert who can help with your search. You can also see what information your local AKC has posted on their website as well. [3]
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  3. Your vet is always a good resources for anything pet related. Call or make an appointment with them to discuss what kind of dog you'd like and where best to find them. Vets often have a great deal of insight regarding those bad breeders whose animals require lots of care or receive no care at all. [4]
    • You might ask, “Do you know of any excellent local Pomeranian breeders? Tell me about how you know them.”
  4. If you are looking for a dog with a particular skill set, such as hunting, you may be best served by going to a gathering focusing on that particular area. Agricultural shows often showcase dogs for sale and, if not, you can simply ask about the origins of a dog that seems like a good fit for you. [5]
  5. You can use the internet to both expand and dig up additional insights into your current list of possible breeders. Type in the breeder names to see what pops up in the search screen. Eliminate any breeders that have ever been investigated. You can also type in your name and city to find additional breeder options. Or, use the digital AKC Marketplace Puppy Finder by going to their website and entering your breed request, preferred gender, and zipcode. [6]
    • Make sure to carefully read any breeder reviews that you find. Look for red flags such as comments about poor animal treatment or litigation. You can also check with the Better Business Bureau (BBB) to see if any claims have been filed.
  6. You should always seriously investigate adopting your dog, even if you are looking for a purebred. Roughly 25% of dogs in animal shelters can be identified as purebred making them a great option for many people. Mixed breeds dogs also offer their own benefits of increased healthfulness as well. By working with a shelter or rescue you can also get access to a puppy as well, if that is your desire. [7]
    • Find a list of local shelters or rescue organizations by entering your city name and “animal shelter” or “animal rescue” into a search engine. You will also find that adoption is generally a much cheaper option.
    • If you are concerned about AKC papers, you can contact the AKC to discuss processes that are in place to welcome adopted dogs into the fold and allow them to participate in AKC dog competitions alongside breeder animals.
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Method 2
Method 2 of 3:

Talking with the Breeder

  1. To make an initial contact, email is fine. If you don't receive a response or if you'd like to talk to them directly, a phone call is then a good option. Be aware that you may have to call and leave message multiple times before hearing back. This is normal, especially with part-time breeders. [8]
    • If you leave a message simply give your name and phone number. It also helps if you can state how you found out about this breeder.
    • If the breeder doesn't want to talk to you over the phone, it's a red flag that you shouldn't buy from them. [9]
    • Don't tell the breeder which breed of dog you want. Most good breeders only breed 1 or 2 breeds. They may give you an option out of 2 breeds. Puppy mills on the other hand may breed multiple breeds of dogs. If they ask you which breed you want out of several choices, it may be a mill.
  2. Either over the phone or through email conversations you must get more information about the breeder's background. You can ask why they entered into this process. You can find out how long they've been in business in the same location. You can ask how many puppies they've successfully placed and how many 'returns' they've had and why. [10]
  3. A good breeder should be an expert of all things related to the dogs that they breed. Request that the breeder tell you about the good and bad characteristics of your potential pet, as a group. Ask about the breed's care requirements and any immediate suggestions that your breeder can offer. A good breeder will be happy to share their knowledge (and show off a bit!) [11]
    • A good breeder will not possess an encyclopedic knowledge of all dogs. Instead, they will focus solely on 1-2 specific breeds and that is it. Be very wary of breeders who promise that they can get you any type of dog that you want. [12]
  4. A good breeder will only sell puppies that they've bred and raised personally or in-house. These means that they may not always have puppies instantly available to sell and that is a good thing. [13] In fact, it is generally better to find a breeder with a bit of a wait list as it shows that they are in demand. [14]
    • You can ask a breeder how many litters they raise per year in order to get an idea as to the scope of their operation. This is a good way to avoid “puppy mill” operations, although keep in mind that puppy mills may not be honest about their litter numbers. A good breeder should just raise 1-2 litters a year to give enough time for care and proper placement. [15]
  5. Most breeders will not let you take your puppy home until it is somewhere between 8-12 weeks old. This allows it to play and socialize with its littermates and mom, creating much happier, healthier dog in the end. A breeder should inform you of this timeline and provide information as to the number and overall health of litter. [16]
  6. Most purebred dogs will come with some type of health documentation attesting to the dog's overall genetic well-being. Look for documentation from stand-alone groups, such as the Canine Eye Registration Foundation. This will show that the dog's relatives were tested and cleared. [17]
    • Do some research on your own to find out what specific health documentation you should request. Certain breeds are prone to particular genetic issues. German Shepherds, for example, are genetically predisposed for hip dysplasia and can be tested by the Orthopedic Foundation for Animals. [18]
    • Also, be aware that a good breeder will wait until a dog pair is 2-3 years of age before attempting breeding. This is because some genetic conditions wait a few years before manifesting.
  7. Your breeder should be able to have a clear conversation regarding their general approach regarding breeding and care. You want a breeder that lives closely with their animals, as opposed to boarding them in a distant garage. You want a breeder that emphasizes socialization and frequent handling of the puppies. [19]
    • You also want a breeder that is passionate about purity and a particular breed. Don't give your business to breeders who promise the unusual or bizarre. Breeding to get extreme sizes, for example, can lead to dogs with a variety of serious health problems. [20]
  8. A good breeder wants their dogs in the best possible homes. They, therefore, will often make you sign a contract promising to return the dog (at any stage of life) if you no longer want it for whatever reason. They will also be willing to refund your money if your dog manifests a genetic illness as an adult or gets sick as a young puppy. [21]
  9. A breeder should be able to provide you with tons of personal references. They can give you the names of other people who've purchased from them recently and in the distant past. They can put you in contact with local vets who can provide records of treatment of care. The best breeders also have other breeders who will provide references for them. [22]
  10. Good breeders will ask you a wide variety of questions before even placing you on a waitlist for a future puppy. They will want you to explain your motivation for owning a dog. They will also ask about your daily care plans for the puppy and the composition of your household. [23] Be as forthcoming as you can with all information as it will lead to a better experience overall. [24]
    • Similar to some rescue organizations, a good breeder might also request documentation from your landlord (if you are a renter) stating that you can own a pet of this breed.
  11. The breeder will provide you with a contract that specifies what each party owes the other. Make sure that you get this contract well in advance and that you carefully read it, noting any questions that you may have. The contract will contain details regarding payment, delivery of the puppy, care of the puppy, health guarantees, among other information. [25]
    • Your contract may also contain a clause specifying your agreement to have the puppy spayed or neutered. This is a good sign of a breeder trying to avoid pet overpopulation. [26]
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Method 3
Method 3 of 3:

Visiting the Breeder

  1. Don't limit your breeder search to only local facilities. You should expect to travel a bit to investigate facilities and look at potential puppies. Good breeders will allow you to visit at least once (often multiple times) with your family in tow. Anticipate these travel costs when you consider purchasing a purebred puppy. [27]
    • You can also use these visits as an opportunity for the breeder to teach your children about the correct treatment of puppies. Most breeders are more than happy to help children understand the basics of puppy ownership.
  2. Make sure to inspect the entire breeding facility in person. Walk around the grounds by yourself or with an escort. Check to see if the dogs have plenty of room for exercise and general comfort. Look to see if they are protected from the weather. Don't forget to look at the indoor boarding areas as well. [28]
  3. A little dirt here and there is normal, but you are looking for overall sanitary conditions. Pay particular attention to the food and water areas. Do the bowls look clean and fresh? Locate the toilet area. Are the feces picked up or just left to rot? The kennel area, in general, should be odor free. [29]
  4. Check to see that the dog's appear clean and lively. Their faces should be free of sores or mucus. No runny eyes or noses. The puppies, in particular, should be a bit plump. Protruding ribs can be a sign of malnutrition or disease. [30]
    • Pay attention to the mental needs of the animals as well. Do they have opportunities to socialize? Do you see toys present? Do they have an area in which to exercise? [31]
    • Watch how the dogs respond and react to the breeder. Are they excited or do they seem wary? This can give you an idea about how they are treated when visitors are not around.
  5. You should, at a minimum, spend some quality time with the puppy's mother (also called a dam). Observe the mom's behavior to see how your future puppy might behave. See if she is friendly and well-socialized. If you get a chance to interact with the father as well it is even better. [32]
    • Be aware that some breeders try to pass off any female dog as the dam. Look for enlarged mammary glands on the mother to get a bit more reassurance. [33]
  6. Spend some time with the puppy in a group setting and alone. When your puppy is amongst its littermates, see how it treats the other puppies and how it is treated as well. You want a puppy that is neither a bully nor shy. Watch how your puppy reacts to interesting objects or smells. It should be inquisitive and curious, but a bit cautious too.
    • Take a photo of your puppy for future reference. This will also help to ensure that you actually receive the final puppy that you've agreed upon.
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Expert Q&A

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  • Question
    What questions should I ask a dog breeder?
    Alexis Toriello
    Certified Dog Behavior Consultant
    Alexis Toriello is a Certified Dog Behavior Consultant and the Founder and CEO of Zen Dog Training in New York. Her time working as a canine behavior specialist in various animal shelters has made her knowledgeable in assessing, rehabilitating, and training dogs. In addition to being an Associate Certified Dog Behavior Consultant (ACDBC), Alexis is a Certified Professional Dog Trainer - Knowledge Assessed (CPDT-KA) and a Master’s Degree Candidate in Animal Behavior and Conservation at Hunter College. She is certified by the American Red Cross in Canine First-Aid and CPR and has endorsements from numerous hospitals and clinics and the Washington Humane Society.
    Alexis Toriello
    Certified Dog Behavior Consultant
    Expert Answer
    Find out all of the health information about the parents and puppies. If they don't give it to you, it could be a red flag.
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  • Question
    How do I pick a reputable dog breeder?
    Alexis Toriello
    Certified Dog Behavior Consultant
    Alexis Toriello is a Certified Dog Behavior Consultant and the Founder and CEO of Zen Dog Training in New York. Her time working as a canine behavior specialist in various animal shelters has made her knowledgeable in assessing, rehabilitating, and training dogs. In addition to being an Associate Certified Dog Behavior Consultant (ACDBC), Alexis is a Certified Professional Dog Trainer - Knowledge Assessed (CPDT-KA) and a Master’s Degree Candidate in Animal Behavior and Conservation at Hunter College. She is certified by the American Red Cross in Canine First-Aid and CPR and has endorsements from numerous hospitals and clinics and the Washington Humane Society.
    Alexis Toriello
    Certified Dog Behavior Consultant
    Expert Answer
    Make sure you research and call the breeder ahead of time to talk to them. Make sure they ask questions about your home and where you'll keep a dog since a reputable breeder will care if the animal is going to a good place.
    Thanks! We're glad this was helpful.
    Thank you for your feedback.
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      Tips

      • Even after you've picked up your puppy, don't be afraid to contact the breeder for help. They are a great resource for you and will probably want to check in on the puppy anyway. [34]
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      • Some of the best breeders also raise dogs for competition. They just love the breed and want to see if thrive.
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      • Take your time. Don't rush your search for a companion. This is a major commitment.
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      Warnings

      • If you find an abusive breeder, contact local law enforcement authorities and notify the AKC as well.
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      • Be aware that some breeders still practice ear cropping and tail docking. If you find this to be the case with your breeder, ask that they do not do this to your puppy. If they resist, find another breeder.
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      • Know that a “USDA Inspection” means very little in terms of quality. It is the minimum standard applied to commercial breeding operations. [35]
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      • Whatever you do don't purchase your dog from a pet store. These puppies are usually the product of “mills” and are mistreated and often ill. [36]
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      References

      1. ↑ http://www.caninejournal.com/picking-the-right-dog-breed/
      2. ↑ https://www.ufaw.org.uk/genetic-welfare-problems-intro/genetic-welfare-problems-of-companion-animals-intro
      3. ↑ https://www.apps.akc.org/apps/contact/answer_center/faq_findabreeder.cfm
      4. ↑ http://www.cbsnews.com/news/how-to-tell-a-good-dog-breeder/
      5. ↑ http://www.humanesociety.org/issues/puppy_mills/tips/finding_responsible_dog_breeder.html
      6. ↑ http://marketplace.akc.org/?_ga=1.242241803.849896424.1478549332
      7. ↑ http://www.humanesociety.org/issues/puppy_mills/tips/finding_responsible_dog_breeder.html
      8. ↑ http://www.akc.org/press-center/facts-stats/responsible-breeders/
      9. ↑ Alexis Toriello. Certified Dog Behavior Consultant. Expert Interview. 23 February 2021
      1. ↑ http://www.wihumane.org/advocacy/breeder-information/reputable-breeder-information
      2. ↑ http://www.cbsnews.com/news/how-to-tell-a-good-dog-breeder/
      3. ↑ http://www.humanesociety.org/assets/pdfs/pets/puppy_mills/find_responsible_dog_breeder.pdf
      4. ↑ Alexis Toriello. Certified Dog Behavior Consultant. Expert Interview. 23 February 2021
      5. ↑ http://www.humanesociety.org/assets/pdfs/pets/puppy_mills/find_responsible_dog_breeder.pdf
      6. ↑ http://dogtime.com/puppies/5-finding-a-good-breeder#DvM0Bpb8TGHjbozG.99
      7. ↑ http://www.akc.org/press-center/facts-stats/responsible-breeders/
      8. ↑ http://dogtime.com/puppies/5-finding-a-good-breeder#DvM0Bpb8TGHjbozG.99
      9. ↑ http://www.humanesociety.org/assets/pdfs/pets/puppy_mills/find_responsible_dog_breeder.pdf
      10. ↑ http://dogtime.com/puppies/5-finding-a-good-breeder#DvM0Bpb8TGHjbozG.99
      11. ↑ http://dogtime.com/puppies/5-finding-a-good-breeder#DvM0Bpb8TGHjbozG.99
      12. ↑ http://www.humanesociety.org/assets/pdfs/pets/puppy_mills/find_responsible_dog_breeder.pdf
      13. ↑ http://www.humanesociety.org/assets/pdfs/pets/puppy_mills/find_responsible_dog_breeder.pdf
      14. ↑ Alexis Toriello. Certified Dog Behavior Consultant. Expert Interview. 23 February 2021
      15. ↑ http://www.humanesociety.org/assets/pdfs/pets/puppy_mills/find_responsible_dog_breeder.pdf
      16. ↑ http://www.humanesociety.org/assets/pdfs/pets/puppy_mills/find_responsible_dog_breeder.pdf
      17. ↑ http://dogtime.com/puppies/5-finding-a-good-breeder#DvM0Bpb8TGHjbozG.99
      18. ↑ http://www.humanesociety.org/issues/puppy_mills/tips/finding_responsible_dog_breeder.html
      19. ↑ http://www.humanesociety.org/assets/pdfs/pets/puppy_mills/find_responsible_dog_breeder.pdf
      20. ↑ http://dogtime.com/puppies/5-finding-a-good-breeder#DvM0Bpb8TGHjbozG.99
      21. ↑ http://www.akc.org/press-center/facts-stats/responsible-breeders/
      22. ↑ http://www.humanesociety.org/assets/pdfs/pets/puppy_mills/find_responsible_dog_breeder.pdf
      23. ↑ http://dogtime.com/puppies/5-finding-a-good-breeder#DvM0Bpb8TGHjbozG.99
      24. ↑ http://www.wihumane.org/advocacy/breeder-information/reputable-breeder-information
      25. ↑ http://www.humanesociety.org/assets/pdfs/pets/puppy_mills/find_responsible_dog_breeder.pdf
      26. ↑ http://www.cbsnews.com/news/how-to-tell-a-good-dog-breeder/
      27. ↑ http://www.humanesociety.org/issues/puppy_mills/tips/finding_responsible_dog_breeder.html

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