What Happened at the End of Donnie Darko?

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Donnie Darko, explained by the director and an expert film critic
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Richard Kelly's Donnie Darko has landed the label of "cult classic" since its release in 2001, but there's still a lot of confusion and debate surrounding what actually happens in the film (in fact, that confusion is probably why the movie is so beloved). In this article, we're going to settle the debate once and for all: what the heck happens at the end of Donnie Darko , and— SPOILER ALERT —why did Donnie have to die? To get the answers (or possible answers, anyway), we delved into Roberta Sparrow's Philosophy of Time Travel (yes, the director actually wrote a book IRL to accompany the film) and reflected on some of Kelly's own words about the movie's importance and legacy. Keep scrolling for the full scoop!

This whole article is basically a spoiler, so be warned if you haven't finished the movie yet!

How does Donnie Darko end?

Director Richard Kelly says Donnie Darko is "a story of divine and supernatural intervention." The film ends with Donnie using his newfound supernatural powers to send Sparkle Motion's jet engine back to October 2, sacrificing himself and closing the Tangent Universe that threatens to end the world.

Section 1 of 6:

Donnie Darko Plot & Ending

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  1. The voice belongs to a man-sized rabbit whom Donnie (Jake Gyllenhaal) dubs Frank. Frank tells Donnie the world will end in 28 days. Donnie wakes up the next morning on a golf course and returns home to discover a jet engine has crashed into his bedroom. If he hadn't sleepwalked, he would have been killed.
    • Donnie continues to have visions of Frank over the next several days, and so his parents send him to a psychotherapist, Dr. Thurman, who believes Donnie is detached from reality and that Frank is a hallucination, a symptom of paranoid schizophrenia.
  2. 2
    Donnie is given The Philosophy of Time Travel by his science teacher. After Donnie asks his science teacher, Dr. Kenneth Monnitoff, if he believes in time travel , his teacher gives him the book, which was written by former science teacher Roberta Sparrow—now a seemingly senile old lady living on the outskirts of town and referred to by local kids as "Grandma Death."
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  3. 3
    Donnie butts heads with motivational speaker Jim Cunningham. Kitty Farmer (played by Beth Grant), a teacher at Donnie's school, begins teaching attitude lessons with the help of local motivational speaker Cunningham (played by Patrick Swayze), but Donnie disagrees with their philosophy. This leads to friction between him and Kitty.
    • Kitty also heads a girls' dance troupe at Donnie's school, Sparkle Motion, of which his younger sister, Samantha, is a member. Kitty is to accompany the girls as a chaperone on their trip to Los Angeles for a competition.
  4. 4
    Frank starts influencing Donnie to perform destructive actions. While Donnie is sleepwalking, Frank makes him flood his high school by breaking a water main. Donnie hits it off with new student Gretchen (played by Jena Malone) and takes her on a date to the movies, and when Gretchen falls asleep during the movie, Frank appears and takes off his mask, showing himself to be a teenager with his left eye missing and bleeding. He convinces Donnie to set fire to Jim Cunningham's house.
    • Firefighters discover a trove of child porn in Cunningham's house, leading to his arrest.
    • Because Kitty chooses to testify in Cunningham's defense, Donnie's mother, Rose, replaces her as chaperone for the dance troupe's trip to LA.
  5. 5
    With his parents gone, Donnie throws a Halloween party, then he goes to see Grandma Death. Donnie's older sister Elizabeth (played by his IRL sis, Maggie Gyllenhaal) gets into Harvard, so they decide to throw a Halloween party to celebrate. Gretchen arrives at the party upset, as her mother has gone missing, and she and Donnie have sex for the first time. Donnie remembers that Frank's prophesied apocalypse is only a few hours away, so he takes Gretchen and some friends to see Grandma Death.
    • They find two high school bullies trying to rob Grandma Death's home. The boys fight, and Gretchen falls into the street, where a car hits and kills her.
    • The driver turns out to be Donnie's older sister Elizabeth's boyfriend, Frank, wearing the same rabbit costume from Donnie's vision. Donnie, distraught, shoots Frank in the eye with his father's gun.
    • Grandma Death tells Donnie a storm is coming, and he walks home with Gretchen's body.
  6. 6
    Donnie sees a vortex rip a plane's engine off, sending him back to October 2. A vortex forms over Donnie's house as he returns home. He drives Gretchen's body to a ridge overlooking the town, where he witnesses the plane carrying his mother and younger sister home from LA get caught in the vortex, which rips off one of the engines and sends it back in time. Donnie then wakes up in his bedroom, and the date is October 2 again.
    • It's not explicit in the film, since we don't see Donnie actually do anything, but it's suggested he may use supernatural powers to send the jet engine back in time.
    • He laughs as the jet engine falls onto his room, killing him. Because Frank's ghost is no longer there to intervene (having been a product of the Tangent Universe), Donnie did not sleepwalk, and so he was in bed when the jet engine crashed into the house.
    • All over town, the many people Donnie would have touched in the following 28 days wake up from bad dreams.
    • Gretchen rides her bike past the Darko house and learns about Donnie's death—though in this timeline, she and Donnie never met. She and Donnie's mother, Rose, exchange glances and wave at one another, as if they recognize each other but don't know how.
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Section 2 of 6:

How does time travel work in Donnie Darko ?

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  1. 1
    A Tangent Universe formed on October 2, threatening reality. Thanks to Frank's guidance, Donnie is able to see the existence of a Tangent Universe when he sleepwalks. We're not sure why this Tangent Universe came into existence, but its existence threatens the Primary Universe. A tie-in website was released around the time Donnie Darko came out that includes text from Roberta Sparrow's movie-book, The Philosophy of Time Travel , which sheds some light on the way time travel works in the movie (parts of the book are also included on the official Donnie Darko DVD): [1]
    • "If a Tangent Universe occurs it will be highly unstable, sustaining itself for no longer than several weeks. Eventually, it will collapse upon itself, forming a black hole within the Primary Universe capable of destroying all existence."
    • In other words, the Tangent Universe that was formed on October 2, 1988, when Donnie failed to be killed by the jet engine will result in, as Frank warns, the end of the world, 28 days later.
    • (The original Donnie Darko website has since been taken down, but a devoted fan of the film recreated it .)
    • The director's cut of the film is a little clearer about what's happening than the theatrical release, but it's still not totally explicit.
  2. 2
    Donnie, a Living Receiver, must send the Artifact to the Primary Universe. As Sparrow writes, "The Living Receiver is the one chosen to guide the Artifact into position for its journey to the Primary Universe. No one knows how or why a Receiver is chosen." [2] Receivers presumably are chosen by a mysterious higher power—possibly God—to save the world during the unlikely occurrence of a Tangent Universe.
    • It's likely Sparrow herself was a Living Receiver, which is how she was able to write The Philosophy of Time Travel .
    • The Artifact refers to a metal object that, for unknown reasons, exists in the Primary Universe and is duplicated within the Tangent Universe. (On the official website, a transcript of a phone call between an investigator and a Federal Aviation Administration official reveals the jet engine from Sparkle Motion's plane is identical to the one from the beginning of the movie.) It's unclear if the existence of the Artifact is what leads to the corruption of the Primary Universe, or if the corruption of the Primary Universe results in the formation of an Artifact.
    • "The Living Receiver is often blessed with Fourth Dimensional Powers," Sparrow writes. "These include increased strength, telekinesis, mind control, and the ability to conjure fire and water." It's presumably with these gifts that he's able to guide the Artifact back to the Primary Universe. [3]
  3. 3
    Frank and Gretchen act as the Manipulated. According to Sparrow's book, the people closest to the Living Receiver are known as the Manipulated Living or Manipulated Dead. They are guided by supernatural forces (God, Fate, what have you) to help the Living Receiver return the Artifact to the Primary Universe, and may be "prone to irrational, bizarre, and often violent behavior" in order to help the Receiver achieve his goal of saving the world from Oblivion. [4]
    • The Manipulated Dead, according to Sparrow, control the Living Receiver using the Fourth Dimensional Construct, which is "made of Water." (This explains the strange liquid spears Donnie sees coming out of people.)
  4. 4
    The Manipulated set an Ensurance Trap to ensure the Receiver returns the Artifact. From the moment Frank tells Donnie at the beginning of the movie that the world will end in 28 days, the Ensurance Trap is in place. We are now in the Tangent Universe, and all of the events that occur in the film are building towards Donnie using his supernatural powers to send the jet engine back to October 2 of the Primary Universe.
    • "If the Ensurance Trap is successful," Sparrow writes, "the Living Receiver is left with no choice but to use his Fourth Dimensional Power to send the Artifact back in time into the Primary Universe before the Black hole collapses upon itself." [5]
    • Gretchen's death, then, is the catalyst that causes Donnie to use his powers to return the Artifact to October 2, even though he knows he'll die.
  5. 5
    After the Artifact is returned, the Manipulated may still remember the Tangent Universe. "When the Manipulated awaken from their Journey into the Tangent Universe," Sparrow writes, "they are often haunted by the experience in their dreams. Many of them will not remember." [6] This is why we see the people whose lives Donnie touched in the Tangent Universe waking from troubled sleep at the end of the movie: even if they don't truly remember Donnie, they are haunted by faint recollections of the events that occurred in the Tangent Universe.
    • "In my mind," Richard Kelly explains, "the last 10 percent of the movie is the reality of what carries forward." [7]
    • In other words, the bulk of the film's events take place in an alternate reality, and when Donnie sends the jet engine back in time, we return to the "correct" universe, where none of the movie's events happened—but, according to Roberta Sparrow's book, the characters are still haunted by vague recollections of what occurred.
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Section 3 of 6:

Why did Donnie Darko have to die?

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  1. After Gretchen dies, Donnie uses his newfound supernatural powers to return the Artifact back to October 2, 1988, even though he knows this will kill him. He chooses to do this not just to save the world, but, more specifically, to save Gretchen, who would never have been at the Halloween party and therefore wouldn't have been hit by Frank's car.
    • Movie and film content creator Lexi Amoriello theorizes Donnie was supposed to die all along, and his escaping death at the beginning of the movie is what caused the Tangent Universe to form: "At the start of the film, he was sleepwalking, so he survived that crash—entering an alternate reality. Things go wrong in that reality because he escaped death…. By the end, Donnie realizes everything is unraveling, and he chooses to die to save Gretchen and restore the timeline." [8]
    • But it could be that the Tangent Universe was already formed, and that Frank saved Donnie at the beginning because he was the Living Receiver whose job it was to restore the Primary Universe. Once that was done at the end of the film, Donnie could die without consequence. According to this interpretation, it's not so much that Donnie needed to die, as that he no longer needed to live.
    • Kelly himself seems reluctant to explain too much about what happens in the film and is open to viewers' interpretations: "I don’t want to spoil too much, but there is a lot more to this story if you look at it both through a prism of science fiction and the logical reaction to the events presented," he told Rolling Stone in 2021. [9]
    • "That is not to take away any interpretation that people have of the film," he goes on, "which I think is valid because the way it’s engineered, you can have any interpretation you want of the first 90% of the movie."
    • Why does Donnie laugh before he dies? He likely can't remember the events that transpired in the Tangent Universe, and he doesn't know a jet engine is about to kill him, but he probably knows, deep down, that he has saved the world.
Section 4 of 6:

FAQs about Donnie Darko

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  1. 1
    Why did Frank make Donnie do that stuff? Everything Frank influences Donnie to do throughout the movie is part of the Ensurance Trap. These events are designed to eventually force him to return the jet engine to October 2:
    • Donnie only meets Gretchen because Frank made him flood the school. Frank makes sleepwalking Donnie smash the school's water main with an axe, and when Donnie arrives at school the next day he learns it's closed. It's while he's walking home that he meets Gretchen, telling her, "Well, I'm really glad school was flooded today…because you and I would have never had this conversation."
    • Donnie uncovers Cunningham's crimes with Frank's help. Donnie openly rejects Jim Cunningham's message during a presentation at the school, and as Donnie is leaving the building, he stumbles upon Cunningham's wallet and hears Frank's voice say, "Now you know where he lives."
      • That evening, Donnie and Gretchen see the movie, and when Gretchen falls asleep, Frank convinces Donnie to burn Cunningham's house down, revealing his child pornography stash.
      • Because Kitty Farmer chooses not to attend the Sparkle Motion dance competition in order to appear at Cunningham's arraignment, Donnie's mom, Rose, attends instead. Because both Donnie's parents are gone, he and Elizabeth are able to throw the party.
    • Gretchen's death incentivized Donnie to return the Artifact. It's only after living Frank accidentally kills Gretchen that Donnie uses his newfound supernatural powers to restore the Artifact back to the Primary Universe, thereby saving her life (and the whole world).
  2. 2
    Why did Gretchen wave at Donnie's mom at the end of the movie? As Sparrow writes in The Philosophy of Time Travel , though the events that unfold in the Tangent Universe (that is, the bulk of the events of the film) aren't "really" happening, the Manipulated Living may still be haunted by them regardless—even if they don't actually remember them.
  3. 3
    If Donnie died in the Primary Universe, did Jim Cunningham get away with his crimes? No, actually! We don't see this in the movie, but according to a fictional Middlesex Times article posted to the official Donnie Darko website around the time of the movie's release, Jim Cunningham killed himself on October 12—ten days after Donnie was killed by the jet engine. [10]
    • Why did he kill himself? We can assume that, because the Manipulated Living still have vague recollections of what happened in the Tangent Universe, Cunningham begins suffering from a sense that he won't get away with his crimes, and feels he has no option but suicide.
    • To back that claim up, at the end of the film, as we witness the reactions of the characters whose lives were touched by Donnie in the Tangent Universe, we see Cunningham sobbing—possibly out of guilt.
  4. 4
    Will there be a Donnie Darko 2? Technically, S Darko (2009) exists—but Richard Kelly had nothing to do with it, and, in fact, he disowned it when he learned of its existence. (It's…not great.) However, Kelly said in a Rolling Stone interview in 2021 that he'd be open to doing an official sequel:
    • "There's so much information in Donnie Darko , I've been processing it for two decades. But I think really in the past five years or so, since Trump was elected, I've been really digging into it and working to see what the bigger world of the film could look like." [11]
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Section 5 of 6:

Fun Facts about Donnie Darko

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  1. 1
    The linguist Donnie's teacher mentions is (probably) J. R. R. Tolkien. Donnie's English teacher, Karen Pomeroy (played by Drew Barrymore), mentions a "famous linguist" who believed that "of all the phrases in the English language, of all the endless combinations of words in all of history, that 'cellar door' is the most beautiful." Not only is this anecdote a true story, it's very likely that famous linguist is Lord of the Rings author J. R. R. Tolkien.
    • Tolkien said in his 1955 lecture "English and Welsh": "Most English-speaking people ... will admit that cellar door is 'beautiful,' especially if dissociated from its sense (and from its spelling). More beautiful than, say, 'sky,' and far more beautiful than 'beautiful.'" [12]
    • But it's worth noting that while Tolkien is the most oft-cited linguist to sing "cellar door"'s praises, he wasn't the first to do it—there's evidence that the notion of the words' phonaesthetic quality had been in circulation at least fifty years before he mentioned it.
  2. 2
    Speaking of Drew Barrymore, she totally saved Donnie Darko . If Drew Barrymore hadn't stepped in and agreed to produce the movie for $4.5 million, Donnie Darko would have gone right to video or TV. [13]
  3. 3
    Jim Cunningham wore Patrick Swayze's real-life clothes. The film takes place in the 1980s, but apparently, Swayze had hung onto a lot of his '80s wardrobe, and wore it in the movie while playing the role of Cunningham. Not only that, but Cunningham's infomercials were actually shot on Swayze's real-life Calabasas, CA ranch.
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Section 6 of 6:

Other Films You Might Like

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  1. Donnie Darko may be a one-of-a-kind cinematic experience, but there are tons of other mind-warping movies that'll make you dive down an internet rabbit hole afterwards in an attempt to figure out what the heck you just watched:
    • Fight Club (dir. David Fincher, 1999)
    • Being John Malkovich (dir. Spike Jonze, 1999)
    • Memento (dir. Christopher Nolan, 2000)
    • Requiem for a Dream (dir. Darren Aronofsky, 2000)
    • The Butterfly Effect (dir. Eric Bress and J. Mackye Gruber, 2004)
    • The Fountain (dir. Darren Aronofsky, 2006)
    • Moon (dir. Duncan Jones, 2009)
    • Looper (dir. Rian Johnson, 2012)
    • Predestination (dir. Michael and Peter Spierig, 2015)
    • I'm Thinking of Ending Things (dir. Charlie Kaufman, 2020)

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      References

      1. ↑ https://ddarko.weebly.com/the-philosophy-of-time-travel.html
      2. ↑ https://ddarko.weebly.com/the-philosophy-of-time-travel.html
      3. ↑ https://ddarko.weebly.com/the-philosophy-of-time-travel.html
      4. ↑ https://ddarko.weebly.com/the-philosophy-of-time-travel.html
      5. ↑ https://ddarko.weebly.com/the-philosophy-of-time-travel.html
      6. ↑ https://ddarko.weebly.com/the-philosophy-of-time-travel.html
      7. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20240324143203/https://www.rollingstone.com/tv-movies/tv-movie-features/donnie-darko-20th-anniversary-richard-kelly-interview-1245435/
      8. ↑ Lexi Amoriello. Movie and Film Content Creator. Expert Interview
      9. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20240324143203/https://www.rollingstone.com/tv-movies/tv-movie-features/donnie-darko-20th-anniversary-richard-kelly-interview-1245435/
      1. ↑ https://imgur.com/RXOjlBY
      2. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20240324143203/https://www.rollingstone.com/tv-movies/tv-movie-features/donnie-darko-20th-anniversary-richard-kelly-interview-1245435/
      3. ↑ https://tolkiengateway.net/wiki/Cellar_door
      4. ↑ https://vocal.media/geeks/15-mind-blowing-facts-you-may-not-know-about-donnie-darko

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