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The very coolest crabs on land and sea
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There are over 4,500 species of crabs that can be found all over the world. These crustaceans come in every shape, color, and size, ranging from just a few millimeters wide to a leg span of over 12 ft (3.7 m) (yes, really!). We’ve rounded up the very coolest crabs from around the world, including the most popular edible crabs, plus fun facts about each one.

Different Types of Crabs

Some of the most visually stunning types of crabs include the blackback land crab, strawberry crab, orangutan crab, and purple shore crab. Gigantic crabs like the coconut crab and the Japanese spider crab also make the list, as well as tiny colorful crabs like the pom pom crab, harlequin crab, and gaudy clown crab.

Section 1 of 4:

Cool Types of Crabs from Around the World

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  1. 1
    Ghost crab ( Ocypode quadrata ) Ghost crabs are pale beige with white claws. Their ghostly appearance allows them to hide in sand. They also dig burrows that can be 3–4 ft (0.91–1.22 m) deep, and they hibernate in these burrows during winter. [1] Ghost crabs are native to tropical areas in the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans. [2]
    • Bonus fact: Ghost crabs are fast—they can travel up to 10 mph (16 km/h).
  2. 2
    Red rock crab ( Cancer productus ) Red rock crabs are deep red with black-tipped claws and a fan-shaped carapace. These crabs live in rocks and pilings and prefer high-salinity water, so they’re usually found close to the ocean. [3]
    • Bonus fact: Red rock crabs are often called “Japanese crabs,” but they’re native to Oregon. The name mix-up leads some people to believe they’re an invasive species, but they actually have been known to eat green crabs ( Carcinus maenas ), which are invasive in Oregon.
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  3. 3
    Blackback land crab ( Gecarcinus lateralis ) The Blackback land crab—sometimes called the Halloween crab—is reddish-orange with a black spot on its back. It can grow up to 4.5 in (11 cm) across and is found in marshes and mangroves along the eastern Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico. [4]
    • Bonus fact: Blackbacks are a type of land crab that normally lives near shallow water, but they must return to the ocean to breed.
  4. 4
    Northern kelp crab ( Pugettia producta ) Kelp crabs are a type of spider crab. They’re dark red or green with a glossy shield-shaped carapace and long, smooth legs. They look a little creepy, but they’re fairly peaceful, primarily feeding on kelp. [5]
    • Bonus fact: Kelp crabs are good climbers, and are often found climbing the ropes on fishermens’ pots.
  5. 5
    Orangutan crab ( Achaeus japonicus ) The orangutan crab is extremely tiny—its carapace is only about 2 cm (0.79 in) across. It mainly lives in tropical Indo-Pacific waters. Its shaggy, rust-colored hairs and long front legs give it the appearance of an orangutan. [6]
    • Bonus fact: The orangutan crab is a type of decorator crab, which means it collects tiny bits of debris, plants, and shells and uses them as camouflage.
  6. 6
    Furrowed crab ( Xantho hydrophilus ) The furrowed crab, also called Mangu’s crab, is a yellow-brown crab with black claws. It’s common to the Atlantic shores of the UK. The furrowed crab mainly lives on beaches near the waterline, staying hidden under rocks during the day and coming out to feed at night. [7]
    • Bonus fact: Although they’re very common, furrowed crabs are not edible—they can accumulate toxins from their diet, which makes them dangerous for humans to eat.
  7. 7
    Purple shore crab ( Hemigrapsus nudus ) The purple shore crab is usually vibrant purple, with purple or reddish spots on their claws—but there’s a lot of variety in their color, and they can even be red, green, or yellow. This crab lives along the Pacific Coast of North America, although it’s sometimes found in brackish water as well. [8]
    • Bonus fact: The purple shore crab is tiny—usually only 1–2 in (2.5–5.1 cm) across. [9]
  8. 8
    Peregrine crab ( Varuna litterata ) The Peregrine crab, also called the river swimming crab, is a small, light brown or grey crab that’s found in tropical brackish or freshwater areas. Peregrine crabs are most often found off the coast of Australia or Southeast Asia, but they’re found along the southeastern coast of Africa as well. [10]
    • Bonus fact: Peregrine crabs prefer slow-moving or nearly stagnant water and are sometimes found floating in clumps of algae.
  9. 9
    Calico box crab ( Hepatus epheliticus ) The Calico Box crab—sometimes called the leopard crab—has bright red spots on a gray or yellow background. It’s found in the Gulf of Mexico, where it primarily feeds on detritus. [11]
    • Bonus fact: These crabs might be pretty, but they’re known to be fairly aggressive. If you see one, give it plenty of space!
  10. 10
    Candy crab ( Hoplophrys oatesii ) The candy crab is extremely tiny—only about 0.6–0.8 in (1.5–2.0 cm) wide. But this crab’s bright colors make it a true standout regardless of its size. Depending on its environment, the candy crab can be pink, yellow, orange, or white, with colorful spikes that look like candy stripes. [12]
    • Bonus fact: The candy crab has been found on every continent except Antarctica.
  11. 11
    Yeti crab ( Kiwaidae ) The yeti crab is a truly unique specimen that was first discovered in 2005. This deep-sea dweller has long, off-white hairs covering its legs. Its extra-long, fuzzy white legs resemble a Yeti’s arms. [13]
    • Bonus fact: It’s thought that bacterial colonies live in the hairs on the Yeti crab’s arms, and that these colonies may provide food for the crab.
  12. 12
    Floral egg crab ( Atergatis floridus ) The floral egg crab, also known as the shawl crab, is an oval-shaped, dark brown or black crab. It has grey or light brown mottling on its back that resembles a lacy shawl. This crab is native to the Indo-Pacific from Southeast Asia to Australia. [14]
    • Bonus fact: Floral egg crabs contain tetrodotoxin—the same type of toxin found in pufferfish. [15]
  13. 13
    Pom pom crab ( Lybia edmondsoni ) The pom pom crab is a tiny crab, about 0.5 in (1.3 cm) wide. It gets its name because it carries tiny venomous sea anemones in its claws, so it looks like its carrying pom poms. But even though pom pom crabs might look like cheerleaders, they actually use their anemones to defend themselves and capture food. [16]
    • Bonus fact: Pom pom crabs are popular additions to saltwater reef tanks.
  14. 14
    Red claw crab ( Perisesarma bidens ) The red claw crab is native to the warm waters of the Indo-Pacific. These crabs have black backs with yellow trim near their eyes, and bright red claws with white tips. They live in mangrove stands, primarily out of water, and are known to be good climbers. They’re somewhat aggressive and are known to pinch if you try to catch them. [17]
    • Bonus fact: Red claw crabs’ unique diet includes leaf litter and surface sediment.
  15. 15
    Emerald crab ( Mithraculus sculptus ) The emerald crab (or green clinging crab) is a small, dark green crab that feeds primarily on algae. It’s native to the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean, where it’s found in reefs and seagrasses from southern Florida to northern Brazil. [18]
    • Bonus fact: Emerald crabs are popular in reef aquariums because they feed on nuisance bubble algae.
  16. 16
    Urchin carrier crab ( Dorippe frascone ) The urchin carrier crab is a small crab that’s native to the Northwest Pacific. Like decorator crabs, the urchin crab will carry leaves, empty shells, and other small objects on its back for camouflage, but this one is unique because it also carries spiny sea urchins! [19]
    • Bonus fact: The urchin carrier crab has hooks on its back legs, which it uses to hold onto the urchin. [20]
  17. 17
    Strawberry crab ( Neoliomera insularis ) The strawberry crab is a bright red, round crab with tiny white spots, just like a strawberry. But this tropical crab is no delicious treat. It contains the toxins saxitoxin and tetrodoxin, making it deadly if consumed by humans. [21]
    • Bonus fact: Strawberry crabs’ bright colors and generally peaceful nature makes them a good candidate for a reef tank. Don’t worry—its toxins are only dangerous if you actually eat the crab.
  18. 18
    Fiddler crab ( Ocypodidae ) Fiddler crabs get their name because the male crabs have one claw that is significantly larger than the other. When they wave their claws to attract females, it looks like they’re playing the fiddle. [22] These crabs are usually brown or red and can grow up to 1.5 in (3.8 cm) wide.
    • Bonus fact: Fiddler crabs build burrows in muddy marshes. During high tide, they pack mud into the mouth of their burrows to keep them from flooding.
  19. 19
    Harlequin crab ( Lissocarcinus spp. ) Harlequins are tiny crabs with a vibrant pattern. Some are black or red with a white design on its back, while others are primarily white with an orange, brown, or black pattern. [23]
    • Bonus fact: Some harlequin crabs live attached to sea cucumbers in what’s known as a “commensal” relationship—it’s not symbiotic because it doesn’t benefit the sea cucumber, but it’s not parasitic because it doesn’t hurt the sea cucumber either.
  20. 20
    Pea crab ( Zaops ostreus ) Pea crabs, also called oyster pea crabs or oyster crabs, are one of the tiniest arthropods, measuring 0.5 in (1.3 cm) at their largest. They live inside oysters and are called “kleptoparasites,” meaning they live on food that they steal from the oyster. [24] Some people consider them a delicacy.
    • Bonus fact: There are different species of pea crabs that inhabit other hosts. For instance, Fabia subquadrata inhabits mussels, and Scleroplax granulata lives in the burrow of ghost shrimp. [25]
  21. 21
    Trapezia crabs ( Trapezia spp. ) Trapezia crabs live in warm-water coral reefs, where they primarily inhabit the branches of hard corals. Their relationship with the corals is symbiotic—they ward off organisms that could harm the corals while receiving shelter and protection in return. [26] They’re considered safe for saltwater reef tanks.
    • Bonus fact: Trapezia crabs typically match the color of the corals they inhabit.
  22. 22
    Asian shore crab ( Hemigrapsus sanguineus ) The Asian shore crab is native to the western Pacific. It’s smooth and square-shaped, usually green or brown with red spots on its claws. It primarily lives on rocky coastlines but has also been found in salt marshes. [27]
    • Bonus fact: These crabs are considered invasive, threatening crab species native to the U.S. East Coast, northern Europe, Mediterranean, and Black Sea.
  23. 23
    Gaudy clown crab ( Platypodiella spectabilis ) The gaudy clown crab is a beautiful crab with a colorful design on its back and banded rings on its legs. It’s typically found in the Caribbean and western Atlantic, and it can be found in a wide range of colors, from yellow to brown to bright red. [28]
    • Bonus fact: Gaudy clown crabs can make a great addition to a saltwater tank that only contains fish and invertebrates, but because it may damage corals, it’s not considered reef-safe.
  24. 24
    Toxic reef crab ( Zosimus aeneus ) The toxic reef crab is a beautiful but deadly crab that’s native to the Pacific Islands. This crab is brown or green, often with a white or blue design. It contains two toxins that are so dangerous, if a person eats this crab, they can die within just a few hours. [29]
    • Bonus fact: The toxic reef crab is also known as the devil crab.
  25. 25
    Tasmanian giant crab ( Pseudocarcinus gigas ) The giant crab of Tasmania is reddish-orange with light-colored speckles and black-tipped claws. It’s one of the world’s biggest crabs—its triangle-shaped carapace can be up to 18 in (46 cm) wide and it can weigh up to 35 lb (16 kg).
    • Bonus fact: Male giant crabs usually have one claw that’s much larger than the other.
  26. 26
    Porcelain crabs ( Porcellanidae ) Porcelain crabs are tiny filter-feeders that primarily live under rocks or in sponges or anemones. [30] They’re not a “true” crab—they’re more closely related to the squat lobster, which is evidenced by their long antennae and the fact that you can only see 3 pairs of legs instead of 4 like a true crab.
    • Bonus fact: Porcelain crabs get their name from the fact that they’ll shed their legs if they feel threatened. But don’t worry, they can regenerate them when they molt. [31]
  27. 27
    Shame-faced crab ( Calappa spp. ) Shame-faced crabs, also called box crabs, hold their claws over their faces, almost like they’re feeling ashamed of themselves. These crabs are native to the western Atlantic, Caribbean, and Gulf of Mexico, where they mainly feed on mollusks. [32]
    • Bonus fact: Shame-faced crabs can be red, brown, or calico-colored, and their funny mannerisms make them a popular addition to saltwater tanks.
  28. 28
    Coconut crab ( Birgus latro ) The coconut crab, also called the robber crab, is a large land crab found in the Indo-Pacific. These crabs can grow up to 40 in (100 cm) and can weigh up to 10 lb (4.5 kg). They can be purple or brown, and juveniles have black stripes on their legs. [33]
    • Bonus fact: Coconut crabs are great climbers with strong claws—they’ve been known to climb trees to knock down coconuts, then they use their pinchers to crack them open.
  29. 29
    Arrow crab ( Stenorhynchus spp. ) Arrow crabs have tiny, narrow bodies, pointed heads, and long, skinny legs—they look more like a daddy long legs spider than a crab. In fact, some people call them spider crabs. Their leg span can be up to 8 in (20 cm), and they’re typically found in the western Atlantic. [34]
    • Bonus fact: Arrow crabs might look creepy, but because they feed on brittle worms, they can be a beneficial addition to a large saltwater tank. However, they may feed on some corals, so they’re considered reef-safe with caution.
  30. 30
    Red frog crab ( Ranina ranina ) The red frog crab, also known as the spanner crab, is unusually shaped, with a shield-like carapace that almost appears to taper to a waist and claws that point inward at a 90° angle. They’re typically reddish-orange in color with tiny white spots on their back, and they’re native to the waters off the coast of Australia. [35]
    • Bonus fact: While most crabs walk sideways, red frog crabs walk forward and backward.
  31. 31
    Gorgonian spider crab ( Xenocarcinus conicus ) The Gorgonian spider crab, also known as the conical spider crab, is a tiny crab (only about 0.5 in (1.3 cm) at its biggest. It has a long, conical body, and it primarily lives in soft corals like gorgonians. Like other coral-inhabiting crabs, they’re often found in colors that match their habitat. [36]
    • Bonus fact: This crab is rarely spotted in the wild, probably at least in part because it’s so tiny and can easily camouflage in the corals where it lives.
  32. 32
    Zebra crab ( Zebrida adamsii ) Zebra crabs are incredibly tiny, only about 0.2 in (0.51 cm) wide. Their zebra-like stripes might seem striking, but they primarily live on sea urchins, and their striped pattern helps them hide in the urchins spines. [37]
    • Bonus fact: Zebra crabs are often found living in the spines of venomous fire urchins. [38]
  33. 33
    Sponge crabs ( Lewindromia unidentata ) Sponge crabs use their back legs to hold small pieces of sea sponge for camouflage. The sponges on top of a sponge crab are alive—the crab may provide a symbiotic relationship for the sponge by providing access to food. They’re typically found in the Mediterranean or off of Africa’s West Coast, although they’ve been increasingly spotted in the waters off the coast of the UK. [39]
    • Bonus fact: Sponge crabs sometimes shape the sponges so they’ll better fit over their shells. [40]
  34. 34
    Japanese spider crab ( Macrocheira kaempferi ) Japanese spider crabs are the biggest known arthropod in the world. They can grow up to 12 ft (3.7 m) across and weigh up to 44 lb (20 kg)! They live in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of Japan and typically stay on the seabed in deep water. [41]
    • Bonus fact: It’s believed that Japanese spider crabs can live to be as much as 100 years old. [42]
  35. 35
    Horseshoe crab Horseshoe crabs aren’t actually crabs—they’re more closely related to arachnids—but they’re too cool to leave off the list. Horseshoe crabs have a hard shell and a pointed tail that they use to push through mud or flip themselves over if they get turned upside-down. [43]
    • Bonus fact: Fossils of horseshoe crabs have been found dating back as far as 445 million years (before dinosaurs!), and they’ve remained largely unchanged in all that time.
  36. 36
    Hermit crab Like horseshoe crabs, hermit crabs aren’t really “true” crabs. They are crustaceans, but they’re more closely related to lobsters. Hermits have a soft abdomen and long, curled tail. They protect themselves by moving into abandoned shells (usually snail shells), and they use their tails and back legs to hold themselves in place. [44]
    • Bonus fact: Some species of hermit crabs live on land, while others live their whole lives entirely underwater.
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Section 2 of 4:

Best Crabs for Eating

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  1. 1
    Blue crab ( Callinectes sapidus ) Blue crabs are found in the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Ocean. These crabs range from vivid blue to deep green with a fan-shaped carapace and unique paddle-shaped rear legs that help them swim. Females have red-tipped claws. [45]
    • Foodie fact: Blue crabs are prized for their sweet, tender meat and are often served steamed or boiled. They’re also commonly used in crab cakes.
  2. 2
    Dungeness crab ( Cancer magister ) Dungeness crabs are reddish-brown with white-tipped claws and a fan-shaped carapace, although they can be green before they fully mature. Their claws are serrated on both the inside and the outside. [46]
    • Foodie fact: Dungeness crabs are extremely popular for eating—their meat is sweet, tender, and mild. It’s often described as nutty or buttery.
  3. 3
    King crab ( Paralithodes camtschaticus ) You might be surprised to discover that this popular crab is actually a false crab—they only have three pairs of walking legs, as opposed to the four pairs found on true crabs. Kind crabs can have a leg span of up to 5 in (13 cm) and can weigh up to 24 lb (11 kg), so it’s easy to see where they get their name. [47]
    • Foodie fact: King crab meat is delicate and tender, with a flavor that’s described as rich, sweet, and similar to lobster.
  4. 4
    Snow crab ( Chionoecetes opilio ) Snow crabs have a round, flat shell and long legs, which makes them look a little like a spider. They’re reddish brown on top after they molt, but this fades to an olive green as their shells harden. They live in cold, muddy water, are primarily carnivorous, and can live between 12 and 13 years. [48]
    • Foodie fact: Snow crab meat turns a snowy white color when it’s cooked. It’s prized for its delicate, slightly sweet flavor and firm texture. Snow crabs are a popular option for crab legs.
  5. 5
    Chinese mitten crab ( Eriocheir sinensis ) The Chinese mitten crab is a dark brown or reddish crab, and it has fuzzy black claws with white tips that look like mittens. It prefers temperate zones. Mitten crabs are considered extremely invasive in the U.S. and have established colonies on both the East and West Coasts. [49]
    • Foodie fact: Mitten crab meat is mostly savory with a hint of sweetness. They’re prized in China, and in the U.S., some wildlife officials have encouraged locals to catch and eat these crabs to help stop their spread.
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Section 3 of 4:

Fun Facts About Crabs

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  1. There are over 4,500 species of crabs around the world. These crustaceans can range in size from ultra-tiny, like the millimeters-wide pea crab, or incredibly large, like the massive Japanese spider crab. Here are a few more interesting things to know about crabs:
    • It’s thought that crabs pre-date dinosaurs like the T-Rex and triceratops. [50]
    • Crabs are decapods, which means they have 10 legs. Their first set of legs has claws called chelae. On some crabs, the back legs have evolved into specialized tools like paddles for swimming or hooks for holding onto urchins or sponges. [51]
    • Crabs have been found in every ocean, plus some freshwater areas. Some crabs even live entirely on land.
    • A group of crabs is called a “cast.”
    • Most crabs are omnivores.
    • Although many crabs walk sideways, not all of them do.
    • Crabs must shed their shell to grow—a process called molting. It often takes a few days for the new shell to harden. Soft shell crabs are crabs that have recently molted and haven’t fully hardened yet. [52]
Section 4 of 4:

What’s the difference between true and false crabs?

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  1. True crabs are classified as Brachyura . They have four pairs of legs that they use for walking, and a tail that’s tucked under their carapace. False crabs are classified as Anomura . They may look like true crabs, but they have a few differences, like modified back legs or a fan-shaped tail. [53]
    • True crabs include species like snow crabs, Dungeness crabs, ghost crabs, and spider crabs.
    • False crabs include species like porcelain crabs, king crabs, hermit crabs, and Yeti crabs.
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