How to Choose a Baby Crib Mattress

Co-authored by Laura Marusinec, MD and Sophia Bell

Last Updated: February 4, 2023 References

Selecting a baby's first mattress can seem like an overwhelming task, but all you need to do is follow a few key pointers. Ensure the mattress has a certification seal and fits properly and snugly in the crib. Choose a mattress that is firm, has a thick cover, and is equipped with vent holes. Once you’ve chosen a mattress, simply add a fitted sheet and put the mattress in the crib to create a safe and comfortable resting place for your little one.

Part 1

Part 1 of 3:

Selecting a Mattress That Fits Properly

You’ll need to measure your crib to determine if a standard crib mattress will fit or if you will need a smaller or larger mattress. Though the size of both cribs and crib mattresses are regulated by the federal government, slight variations in each means that not every mattress will fit every crib. ^{[1]
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2
Choose a mattress designed for the crib size. Standard crib mattresses are required to be a minimum of 27.25 inches (69.2 cm) by 51.25 inches (129.5 cm). It’s essential that the crib mattress fits snugly. There shouldn’t be any space between the mattress and the sides of the crib, as this could pose an entrapment or suffocation hazard to your baby. ^{[2]
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- If the mattress is too small, a baby could get their limbs or head stuck between the edge of the mattress and the crib rails.
- If the mattress is too large, it won’t fit properly in the crib and a baby could suffocate if their airway is restricted due to the mattress bowing in the middle rather than lying flat.
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Mattresses that are too thick pose a suffocation risk to infants as they can sink into the soft surface. A crib mattress should not be thicker than 6 inches (15.2 cm). ^{[3]
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Part 2

Part 2 of 3:

Ensuring the Mattress is Firm Enough

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Decide whether you prefer a foam or an innerspring mattress. Foam options tend to be less expensive, while innerspring mattresses typically cost more but offer higher durability. ^{[4]
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- If you choose innerspring, select a mattress that has between 135 to 150 coils with a gauge lower than 15.5. ^{[5]
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- These numbers can be found on the packaging. These guidelines are set by Consumer Reports and will guarantee the mattress you choose is firm enough for your baby.
Press your hands into the mattress in several spots, including the middle and sides, to see if the mattress conforms to the shape of your hand or springs back to it’s original shape right away. If the mattress molds to your hand, it is too soft for your baby. ^{[6]
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Gather your supplies to test the firmness of the mattress . Your new crib mattress, especially when made from foam, needs to be very firm to reduce the risk of your baby suffocating due to sinking into a soft surface. To perform a test to check the firmness of the mattress, collect 2 full 1-liter or 1-quart rectangular milk or juice cartons with a flat bottom, 12 CDs, a ruler, a marker, and plastic wrap. ^{[7]
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Use your marker to draw a line 1.5 in (40 mm) from the bottom of one of the cartons, as measured with your ruler. Measure and mark this line on each side of the carton so there is a ring around the bottom. ^{[8]
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Stack your CDs (without the cases) neatly on top of one another and wrap them tightly in plastic wrap. ^{[9]
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Place the wrapped CDs on the softest part of the mattress, which is generally in the middle. Stack both cartons on their sides on top of the CDs, placing the one with the ring on the bottom. Line up the edge of the CD stack with the ring you drew on the carton. ^{[10]
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7

Look at the overhanging portion of the cartons. There should be a clear gap between the bottom ringed part of the carton and the mattress. If there is no gap, you’ll need to choose a firmer mattress for your baby’s safety. ^{[11]
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Part 3

Part 3 of 3:

Choosing Safe Mattress Options

Look for a seal on the mattress confirming it certifiably meets the standards set by the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) and is safe for use. Don’t choose a mattress that doesn’t have a CPSC seal, as it may be too soft or small or have other safety risks. ^{[12]
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The cover is also known as the ticking. The best mattress options have multiple layers of laminate coating that's been strengthened with nylon. These mattresses have the added benefits of being waterproof and highly durable, which means easy cleanup and reduced likelihood of tears or holes. ^{[13]
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A quality mattress should have small reinforced holes on both sides that allow air to circulate in and out of the mattress interior. These vents will help keep the mattress fresher by allowing odors to escape. ^{[14]
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Traditional mattresses can contain heavy metals and chemicals, such as flame retardants. If you prefer a mattress without chemicals or heavy metals, choose an organic mattress that has been certified by a third party, such as Greenguard or Oeko-Tex. ^{[15]
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5
Use only a fitted sheet in the crib. Remember that “bare is best” when it comes to your baby’s crib. A fitted sheet covering the mattress should be the only thing in the crib aside from your baby. Crib bumper pads, pillows, blankets, and toys pose safety and suffocation risks and should not be used.
- Dress your baby in a warm sleeper or adjust the thermostat to ensure your baby will be warm enough without a blanket.
- Only use a blanket in the crib if your child is over 12 months.
To reduce the risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), your baby should always be put to sleep on their back. Reserve tummy time for when your baby is awake and you are present to ensure their safety. ^{[16]
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Warnings

Never put a baby to sleep on an air mattress, couch, waterbed, or other soft surface.

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Avoid purchasing a used mattress. Body fluids from the previous child may have seeped into the mattress, which can cause bacteria, mold, or other fungus to grow. ^{[17]
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How to Choose a Baby Crib Mattress

Steps

Selecting a Mattress That Fits Properly

Ensuring the Mattress is Firm Enough

Choosing Safe Mattress Options

Expert Q&A

Video

Warnings

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