How to Choose the Perfect Light Bulb for Your Lighting Fixture

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There are so many different types of light bulbs available that it’s easy to get confused about which one to choose. Rather than buying the first bulb that looks like it will fit in a fixture, take the time to find the perfect bulb for your room. You’ll ultimately save money in the long run, end up with the most attractive lighting for your home, and prevent a possible mishap by using a bulb with the wrong wattage or voltage for your fixture.

Method 1
Method 1 of 3:

Determining Wattage, Voltage, and Base Size

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  1. If you already have a bulb in the fixture, remove it to inspect the threading, size, and shape. You can use this as a reference or take it into the store with you when you go to buy your new bulb.
    • Even if a bulb fits in the fixture, you still need to double-check the voltage and wattage for each bulb and fixture to make sure they line up. Don’t assume that just because a bulb fits that it’s safe to use.
  2. Since light fixtures typically come in three different sizes, you can use a coin to determine what type of bulb you need. Grab a quarter, dime, and a penny. Hold each coin over the opening for the bulb on a light fixture to determine the size of the bulb you need. You can always measure the opening if you prefer. [1]
    • Standard bulbs (also known as medium or Edison base bulbs) go into bases that resemble the size of a quarter. These are the most popular type of fixture base and they’re 26 mm in diameter.
    • Intermediate bulbs are roughly the shape of a dime. These bases measure 17 mm in diameter.
    • Candelabra bulbs have bases that are roughly the same size as Lincoln’s head on a penny. These small bases measure 12 mm in diameter.
    • If your fixture looks like two pins slide into it, you have a bi-pin, twist-lock, or plug bulb. There are hundreds of these bulbs and you’ll need to read the instructions for the light fixture to figure out which bulb you need. For example, a G9.5 bi-pin can have a pin diameter of 3.1–3.25 millimetres (0.122–0.128 in), while a G12 bulb will have a diameter of 2.35 millimetres (0.093 in). Both bulbs will look nearly identical and they come in a variety of voltages, so you’ll have to read the instructions for the light fixture to ensure that you’re using the right bulb.
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  3. Read the instruction manual for your fixture or look on the back of the fixture for a sticker listing the maximum wattage. If you had a bulb in the fixture that worked fine, you can assume the maximum wattage on the bulb is identical to the maximum wattage of the fixture.
    • Never use a lightbulb with a wattage higher than the fixture’s max wattage. This will eventually destroy the fixture, but it can even cause a fire if you leave the light on for too long.
    • This information is often printed on the inside of the base for the bulb on the fixture.
    • You can absolutely use a bulb with a lower wattage than the fixture’s max wattage.
  4. Next to the maximum wattage information, look for a voltage. In the vast majority of cases, indoor lighting fixtures require 120-volt bulbs. Outdoor fixtures often require 12- or 24-volt bulbs, although smaller indoor lights may require these lower voltages as well. Purchase a bulb for your fixture that’s designed for the voltage of your fixture.
    • You will destroy the bulb or the fixture if you use a bulb with the wrong voltage.
    • In most cases, a bulb with an incorrect voltage won’t even turn on. If you got a new bulb and it won’t light up in your fixture, the voltage is probably incorrect.
  5. Fixture wattages are typically based on incandescent light, which is mostly being phased out over time for energy reasons. If you are switching from one type of light to another, find the conversion by reading a light bulb’s packaging to make sure you aren’t exceeding the max wattage. This information is typically listed on the box of a bulb, but you may need to look the conversion up online if you can’t find it. [2]
    • For example, a 60-watt fixture requires an LED bulb that’s 8-12 watts, and if you’re going with a halogen bulb, it must be 43 watts. This is due to the fact that different types of bulbs produce different amounts of energy.
    • This conversion measurement is often listed on a bulb’s box as the wattage “equivalent.” If you need a 60-watt incandescent bulb, you can use any light bulb that says “60-watt equivalent” on the box.
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Method 2
Method 2 of 3:

Selecting a Bulb Type

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  1. LED bulbs are popular and easy to find. They also last longer than other types of bulb and a single lightbulb may work for 10-20 years. They come in a variety of colors and bulb shapes, which makes them a great option if you aren’t sure what type of light you prefer. [3]
    • Some people dislike LED bulbs because they tend to be a little brighter and sharper than the old incandescent bulbs people are used to.
    • LED bulbs tend to be the most expensive but they last for so long that it’s often worth it in the long run.
    • You find LED bulbs in almost every type of lighting fixture. They’re so efficient and popular that you can find them in almost every style.
  2. CFL is short for compact fluorescent. These bulbs use 20-40% less energy to produce the same light as incandescent bulbs. They are often color adjusted to produce light close to real sunlight. While they don’t last quite as long as LED bulbs, they’re still a relatively good option if you want a natural-looking light. [4]
    • CFLs generate a little more heat than LED bulbs which is why they’re generally not as popular. They tend to get very hot if you leave them on for a long time.
    • Compact fluorescent light bulbs are commonly used in desk lamps, floor lamps, under-cabinet lamps, table lamps, linear strips, and sconces.
    • CFLs have basically made fluorescent tube lighting entirely obsolete. If you really like the look of those old fluorescent tubes, get a CFL bulb. The feel of the light tends to be extremely similar. [5]
  3. Halogen bulbs produce bright, vivid light. The main difference between halogen and other bulbs is that halogen light tends to feel blue. Halogen bulbs tend to burn out very quickly, but they’re a great choice if you really prefer sharper, bluer light. [6]
    • Halogen bulbs are popular options for track lighting, appliance lighting, and desk lamps. They aren’t usually great choices for overhead fixtures, though.
  4. Incandescent lighting is what many people grew up with, but it’s wildly inefficient compared to the other options. It requires a lot of energy and it’s not great for the environment. On top of that, most countries have banned the manufacture of incandescent bulbs. It’s best to choose another option if you can. [7]
    • If you really love the look of incandescent lighting, look for a “warm” LED with roughly 800 lumens. The texture of the light should look nearly identical. [8]
  5. If you have a lamp with one of those switches that clicks as you turn it, you have a 3-way lamp. Purchase a 3-way bulb for your lamp. These lamps and bulbs have 3 different wattages and light outputs: low, medium, and high. When you turn the switch so that it clicks once, you’ll turn on the low-light setting. Turn it twice for the medium setting, and three times for the high setting. [9]
    • Many 3-way bulbs are incandescent, but there are 3-way LED and halogen bulbs as well.
    • These bulbs are almost exclusively used in freestanding and table lamps. You won’t often find them on a wall fixture or ceiling light.
  6. Every incandescent light is dimmable, but only some LED, halogen, and CFL bulbs can be dimmed. On the bulbs that can be dimmed, it will say “dimmable” on the front of the packaging. Inspect the label carefully if you’re buying a non-incandescent bulb and you have a ceiling light or fixture with a dimmable switch.
    • Dimmable light bulbs have adjustable voltages. When you turn a dimmer down, the voltage is throttled and less light is produced.
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Method 3
Method 3 of 3:

Picking the Brightness and Shape

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  1. Lumens refers to the brightness of the light the bulb will put out (as opposed to wattage, which is the amount of energy). The higher the lumens, the brighter the light bulb will be. Read the package on the bulb to see how many lumens it produces. This is entirely a matter of personal preference, but you usually want more lumens for bright overhead lights and floor lamps, while desk lamps and track lighting usually require fewer lumens. [10]
    • The scale for lumens ranges roughly from 450-1600. A bulb with 800 lumens will produce an “average” amount of light. Again, how 800 lumens looks in your home depends on what you’re using the light for. A desk lamp producing 800 lumens will be really bright. An outdoor motion-sensor light will feel really dim at 800 lumens.
  2. Most bulbs will advertise color temperature or light appearance on the package. This will give you a sense for the color and texture of the light. Although this may not be a serious consideration for you when choosing your bulbs, you might want to make sure you don’t accidentally purchase a bright white bulb when you intended to buy a warm yellow bulb. [11]
    • The softer the light is, the less harsh it will be when you look at it. Generally, softer lights are great for mood lighting and exposed bulbs. Harder lights are great for ceiling fans and lights that need to be bright. Harder lighting is often marketed as “bright” or “ultra-bright.”
    • Warmer lights tend to have tints of yellow, orange, or red, while cooler lights tend to have a bluish tint. It’s entirely up to you which you prefer.
  3. If you look on the packaging for the light bulb, it lists the estimated yearly energy cost and the lifespan of the bulb. If these numbers are lower than standard light bulbs and produce less heat, the bulb may have “Energy Star Certified” printed on the label. Buy these bulbs if you can—they’re much more efficient, cheaper to operate, and they’re good for the environment.
    • Energy Star is the name of the certification program in the United States, but most countries have a version of this.
  4. Globe bulbs are perfectly round and emit an equal amount of light in every direction. These bulbs are great for round fixtures that are covered in glass since they will illuminate the entire cover in an even shade of light. There are also tube-style bulbs that are longer and designed for thinner, hanging lights and fixtures with vertical sconces.
    • Tube-style bulbs come in a variety of sizes, so measure the length of a hanging fixture before purchasing a bulb to avoid getting a light that’s too short or long.
  5. Unlike round bulbs, recessed bulbs have a flat surface that directs light downwards. If your light fixture is built into the wall or your want to focus the light in a direction, get recessed bulbs. These bulbs come in all types of lights and styles. [12]
    • If you put a regular bulb in a track or directional light, you’ll be wasting light on the sides of the bulb.
  6. Candle bulbs are a general term for the tube-shaped bulbs that often end in a point to resemble the flame from a candle. There isn’t much of a point to using them if you’re covering the bulb with a shade or cover, but they’re a cool option if the bulb is going to be exposed. This makes them a great choice for un-covered lamps, chandeliers, wall sconces, and modern lighting fixtures.
    • These types of decorative lights come in a few different styles. There are pear-shaped, blunt-tip, and tapered candle bulbs for different fixtures and looks.
    • These bulbs tend to look softer than their round counterparts, even when the wattage is identical.
  7. PAR stands for parabolic aluminized reflector. A PAR lamp can be incandescent, halogen, or LED. PAR lamps rely on an internal reflector and a prism in the lens for a controlled, focused light beam. These bulbs are extremely bright, so they’re great if you’re setting up a motion-sensor light.
    • PAR bulbs are not a great option for indoor lighting. They’ll feel really overwhelming, even at a low wattage.
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Expert Q&A

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  • Question
    How do you balance lighting in a room?
    Kathryn Welsh
    Interior Designer
    Kathryn Welsh is an Interior Designer and the Co-Founder of Design Inside, an interior design firm in Chicago, Illinois. With over 15 years of experience, Kathryn specializes in designing, remodeling, and decorating spaces. Kathryn holds a Bachelor’s degree in Psychology from the University of Michigan and a Bachelor’s degree in Interior Design from the Harrington College of Design. Kathryn uses her background in Psychology and Interior Design to ensure her design spaces are unique, beautiful, and functional.
    Kathryn Welsh
    Interior Designer
    Expert Answer
    Keep your lights at eye level—it makes you feel more comfortable. If you only have overhead lighting, it can make you feel more monitored. The way you illuminate a room really impacts your sense of control or agency in that space.
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  • Question
    Is it safe to change incandescent bulbs to LED bulbs?
    wikiHow Staff Editor
    Staff Answer
    This answer was written by one of our trained team of researchers who validated it for accuracy and comprehensiveness.
    wikiHow Staff Editor
    Staff Answer
    Absolutely. Not only is it safe, it's more energy efficient and cost effective. Just make sure you check the "wattage equivalent" on a box of bulbs and match this number to your fixture's maximum wattage to avoid overheating or electrical problems.
    Thanks! We're glad this was helpful.
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  • Question
    I have two lamps that turn two clicks before it turns on. What type of bulb should be used for this type of lamp?
    wikiHow Staff Editor
    Staff Answer
    This answer was written by one of our trained team of researchers who validated it for accuracy and comprehensiveness.
    wikiHow Staff Editor
    Staff Answer
    The double-clicking feature on certain lamps doesn't have anything to do with the bulb. You can use any bulb that matches the voltage and maximum wattage of the lamp.
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      Tips

      • There is basically no reason to buy a fluorescent bulb. They contain toxic materials and they’re less efficient than CLF bulbs, which basically look the same. [13]
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      • There are other types of bulbs, like xenon, but they aren’t used in lighting fixtures.
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      • You’ll see letters printed on bulbs to indicate the size of the bulb and the shape of the base. Unfortunately, these letters can be kind of confusing and arbitrary, especially since many of the codes for the base and bulb use the same letters and numbers. You’re better off just measuring the base.
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      Warnings

      • Never use a bulb that doesn’t match the wattage of the fixture. If you use a bulb with a wattage higher than the max wattage of the fixture, it may catch fire. Always keep the wattage of the bulb at or under the maximum wattage of the fixture. [14]
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      References

      1. ↑ https://youtu.be/IbWAVyAl2so?t=102
      2. ↑ https://youtu.be/QFfJQgT0aXA?t=29
      3. ↑ https://money.com/led-bulbs-need-know/
      4. ↑ https://www.npr.org/2014/01/28/267185097/in-the-dark-about-picking-a-light-bulb-this-faq-can-help
      5. ↑ https://energyperformancelighting.com/disadvantages-of-fluorescent-lighting/
      6. ↑ https://www.csmonitor.com/Technology/Tech/2014/0225/Halogen-light-bulbs-CFL-LED-What-s-the-difference
      7. ↑ https://youtu.be/vrMWHmPg0h8?t=16
      8. ↑ https://www.dallasnews.com/business/technology/2016/12/07/how-to-get-the-same-light-as-an-old-fashioned-incandescent-bulb/
      9. ↑ https://youtu.be/NARpU58TfTs?t=18
      1. ↑ https://www.npr.org/2020/01/28/800512426/picking-a-lightbulb-made-easy
      2. ↑ https://www.npr.org/2014/01/28/267185097/in-the-dark-about-picking-a-light-bulb-this-faq-can-help
      3. ↑ https://youtu.be/IbWAVyAl2so?t=89
      4. ↑ https://energyperformancelighting.com/disadvantages-of-fluorescent-lighting/
      5. ↑ https://www.1000bulbs.com/pdf/understanding-led-drivers.pdf

      About This Article

      Article Summary X

      Knowing a little bit about light bulbs can help you find the best fit for your fixture and the perfect look for your space. Pick a light bulb with a wattage that’s equal to or less than the maximum wattage on your fixture. It's also important to consider the bulb's lumens. A higher number of lumens, which is anything over 1000, will give you a brighter light, and a lower number will give you a dimmer light. Another feature to consider is the color tone of the bulb. While some bulbs have a more amber hue, others have a colder, blue cast to them. Consider the atmosphere you want to create when picking between these different color tones. To learn how to match your bulb shape to your fixture, keep reading!

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