如何在家治疗痤疮

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共同创作者是 Zora Degrandpre, ND

参考

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不管是小孩、青少年、成人或老人，都有可能长痤疮或青春痘。好在痤疮相当容易解决，自己在家就能用许多方法除去这些难看的痤疮。要是家庭疗法不见效、痤疮范围比较大或是对家庭疗法过敏，建议就医治疗。

方法 1
方法 1 的 5:

护理皮肤

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    每天洗脸对保持皮肤健康和预防长痘十分重要。最好选择温和、不刺激的洁面乳。确保它不含酒精，以免进一步刺激皮肤。如果不确定哪一种洁面乳适合自己，可以寻求皮肤科医生的建议。 [1]
    • 避免使用含有“收敛剂”的面部磨砂膏或洁面乳。它们的刺激性大，会使皮肤变得干燥。 [2]
    • 皮肤科医生推荐使用温和的泡沫洁面乳，比如丝塔芙的Dermacontrol净颜保湿泡沫洁面乳，特别是你用过会导致皮肤干燥的过氧化苯甲酰来治疗痘痘。 [3]
    • 选择非皂基洁面乳。皂基产品会提高皮肤的酸碱值，使皮肤变得干燥，适合细菌和其它微生物滋生。 [4]
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    打开水龙头，把干净的水泼到脸上。 [5] 一定要用微温的水，因为热水会使皮肤干燥，更容易受刺激。 [6]
    • 如果你是油性痘痘肌，可能很希望皮肤变得干燥，但是这只会让问题恶化。皮肤为了自我修复，反而会分泌更多油脂。 [7]
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    将少量洁面乳挤到指尖，以画圈方式轻轻地抹到脸上。力度要轻，以免刺痛或拉扯到皮肤。 [8]
    • 洗脸时，不管你有多想用力擦拭皮肤，都不可以这么做，以免刺激皮肤，导致痤疮问题恶化。
    • 不要用面巾、海绵或刷子擦洗面部皮肤，以免刺痛它们。

    小提示： 涂抹洁面乳、乳霜或其它面部产品之前，一定要用肥皂和水把手洗干净。双手一整天下来会沾满许多病菌和油脂，可能刺激皮肤，导致痤疮恶化。 [9]

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    将微温的水泼到脸上，彻底洗掉洁面乳。用手轻轻地洗掉残留物。 [10]
    • 你可能听说过洗脸后用冷水冲洗皮肤能关闭毛孔。事实上，冷水虽然能暂时收紧毛孔，减少油脂分泌，但是并不能彻底关闭毛孔。 [11]
    • 你可以用冷水或温水冲洗皮肤。不要用热水，以免导致皮肤干燥和刺痛。
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    和洗脸时用面巾擦脸一样，洗脸后用毛巾大力擦拭也会刺痛皮肤。洗完脸后，用干净的干毛巾轻轻把水拍干就行了。 [12]
    • 湿毛巾容易滋生细菌、病毒和霉菌，之后擦脸时会转移到你的皮肤，刺激皮肤或引起感染！所以，毛巾至少每周换洗1次，每次用完后都要摊开来彻底晾干。 [13]
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    如果你容易长痘，可能不太想涂保湿霜，但是皮肤干燥反而会加重问题。使用痘肌专用的清爽保湿霜，防止皮肤变得干燥、刺痛。 [14]
    • 选用不含染色剂和香精的保湿霜。这些成分会刺激皮肤。
    • 日晒会加重一些人的痤疮问题，不妨寻找具备防晒作用的保湿霜。 [15]
    • 皮肤科医生建议使用具有防晒保护功能的痘肌专用保湿霜，比如丝塔芙的Dermacontrol SPF30控油保湿霜。 [16] 含有锌、芦荟等消炎成分的保湿霜或许也有帮助。 [17]
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    你可能觉得脸洗得越多，对治疗痤疮越好，但其实这是一种错误的观念！脸洗得太勤会去掉皮肤上的天然油脂，皮肤变得干燥、刺痛，反而容易长出更多痘痘。每天最多洗2次脸，早晚各1次。另外，流汗后也要洗脸，因为汗水也会引发长痘。 [18]
    • 如果你有化妆，睡前一定要卸妆。带妆睡觉会堵塞毛孔。用标注为“不致粉刺”（不堵塞毛孔）的温和卸妆湿巾擦掉化妆品。
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    长痘不一定要放弃化妆。不过，有些化妆品会引发或加重痤疮。选择标有“无油”、“不致粉刺”或“不堵塞毛孔”的化妆品。如果某款化妆品引发痤疮，要马上停止使用，换其它产品试一试。 [19]
    • 睡前一定要洗掉脸上的妆，包括眼妆。
    • 化妆时，最好使用柔软的刷子，以免刺激皮肤。
方法 2
方法 2 的 5:

使用天然方法

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    每天涂抹 茶树油 1次，治疗皮肤和对抗细菌。 研究显示茶树油有助于治疗包括痤疮在内的几种皮肤状况。 [20] 用1汤匙温和的载体油稀释2-3滴茶树油。载体油可以是荷荷芭油、橄榄油或你喜欢的保湿霜。用指尖或棉签将油轻轻点在长痘或发炎的部位。 [21]
    • 茶树油可以缓解炎症和对抗引发痤疮的细菌，而且副作用比许多非处方或处方祛痘药少多了。
    • 有些人可能对茶树油过敏。涂在脸上之前，先在别的部位试一试，比如手臂或腿。等几个小时后，要是起了皮疹，那么你可能对茶树油过敏，不要用在脸上。
    • 摄入茶树油会引起中毒。千万不要食用或饮用茶树油！
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    蜂蜜和肉桂提取物可以互相配合，对抗引发痤疮的细菌。 [22] 另外，肉桂也有消炎作用，有助于舒缓皮肤，减轻发红。 [23] 如果你对茶树油过敏，或不喜欢茶树油的气味，可以改用这个方法。用蜂蜜和肉桂调配面膜，或是让皮肤科医生推荐含有这些成分的产品。
    • 你也可以自己调配面膜。用5茶匙荷荷芭油、橄榄油等载体油稀释2-3滴肉桂精油，然后加入蜂蜜拌匀。 [24]
    • 把面膜涂在痤疮之前，先将少量点涂在下颌轮廓。等待30分钟，观察是否起不良反应。如果有，那就不要涂在痤疮上。
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    绿茶含有名为多酚的天然化合物，有助于缓解炎症、杀灭细菌和减少油脂分泌。每天涂抹含有2%绿茶提取物的乳液2次，有助于镇静皮肤，防止再次长痘。 [25]
    • 有些人使用绿茶乳液可能会有轻微不适，比如短暂的刺痛或瘙痒。随着皮肤逐渐适应乳液，这些症状通常会慢慢好转。如果2-3天后症状还是没有好转，那就停止使用乳液并咨询一下医生。
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    痤疮疤痕和痤疮一样让人感到烦恼和尴尬不已。好在你可以用一些天然方法减少疤痕。每天在痤疮疤痕上涂抹含有洋葱提取物的凝胶或乳霜1次，以软化和淡化疤痕。 [26] 严格遵循包装上指示的用量。
    • 洋葱凝胶会引起一些人不适，所以涂到脸上之前，先涂少量在身体其它部位测试一下效果，比如手臂或耳后。 [27]
方法 3
方法 3 的 5:

适当饮食

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    水是皮肤的基本需求之一。如果没有喝足够的水，即使是油性皮肤，也会变得干燥 [28] ，进而引起皮肤刺激和长痘。 [29] 计划每天至少喝8杯240毫升的水，感觉渴了就喝水。 [30]
    • 你可以通过观察尿液颜色，了解身体是否有得到足够的水。尿液清澈表示身体水分充足，尿液呈黄色就表示你还得喝更多的水。 [31]
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    油腻的食物容易引发痤疮，但是好脂肪有助于对抗痤疮。吃富含欧米茄-3脂肪酸的食物，有助于减轻炎症，防止再次长痘。 [32]
    • 优质的健康脂肪来源包括三文鱼、鲭鱼、金枪鱼等多脂鱼，坚果和种子，以及橄榄油、亚麻籽油等植物油。
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    研究发现多吃精瘦蛋白质的人比较少得痤疮。选择健康的蛋白质来源，比如家禽胸肉、鱼、蛋白、豌豆和豆类。 [33]
    • 牛奶和其它乳制品虽然含有大量蛋白质，但是也会导致一些人长痘。你可以暂停摄入牛奶数周，看看痤疮是否有所改善。 [34]
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    富含蔬果的饮食对整体健康有益，也有助于减少长痘。 [35] 每天摄入各种颜色的水果和蔬菜，获取各种对皮肤有益的维生素和矿物质。
    • 维生素A、E和锌不足会引发痤疮。 [36] 多吃含有这些营养的水果和蔬菜，比如深绿叶蔬菜、胡萝卜、南瓜属蔬菜、浆果、芒果、牛油果、蘑菇和大蒜。
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    糖、精制碳水化合物和油腻的食物会导致痤疮恶化。建议维持由大量精瘦蛋白质、全谷物、蔬菜和水果组成的健康均衡饮食。远离下面这些垃圾食品： [37]
    • 含糖烘培品
    • 糖果
    • 甜味汽水和含糖咖啡饮料
    • 油腻的快餐和油炸食品
    • 油腻的咸味零食，比如薯片
方法 4
方法 4 的 5:

改变生活方式

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    虽然还不清楚压力是否会引发痤疮，但是它的确会让已有的痤疮恶化。 [38] 压力大的时候，做一些能让自己放松的活动，帮助镇静皮肤，减轻痤疮。你可以尝试进行下面的活动： [39]
    • 瑜伽
    • 冥想
    • 户外散步
    • 听让人感到心平气和的音乐
    • 从事兴趣爱好或创造性活动
    • 和家人朋友或宠物共度时光
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    虽然睡眠和痤疮之间的关系还不明确，但是大部分医生认为睡眠不足会增加压力，并使身体更难对抗感染。这会导致痤疮恶化，对整体皮肤有害。坚持每晚睡足8小时，以改善皮肤健康。 [40]
    • 青少年每晚尽量睡8-10小时。坚持每晚同一时间入睡，每早同一时间醒来，养成良好的作息规律。
    • 如果睡不着，不妨进行一些令人放松的睡前仪式，像是冥想、看书或洗个温水澡再入睡。睡前至少1小时关掉明亮的电子屏幕，因为强光会妨碍大脑进入睡眠模式。
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    有些人注意到自己在运动后更容易长痘。不要因为这样而停止运动。你应该做的是运动后洗澡，并用温和的洁面乳洗脸，防止汗水、油脂和污垢堵塞毛孔，刺激皮肤。 [41]
    • 运动期间，用干净、干爽的毛巾轻轻拍干汗水。不要用力擦拭，以免刺激皮肤。
    • 即便运动后无法马上洗澡，也必须立刻换上干净、干爽的运动服。这有助于防止身体长痘。运动之前，也要先换一套干净的衣服，因为脏衣服会附着大量细菌和其它皮肤刺激物。
    • 使用健身房里大家共用的器材之前，一定要先用消毒湿巾擦拭一遍，去掉别人留下的油脂和细菌，以免引发和加重痤疮。
方法 5
方法 5 的 5:

就医治疗

下载PDF文件
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    皮肤可能需要好几周才会好起来。只要坚持使用家庭疗法，应该就能看到效果。不过，引发痤疮的原因有很多，这些疗法未必对每个人都有用。如果效果不如预期，建议去看医生，了解有哪些处方产品可以帮到你。 [42]
    • 展开治疗数天到1周后可能就会看到一些改善，不过严重痤疮一般需要4-8周才能好起来。 [43]
    • 写下你尝试过的所有疗法，这样就可以让医生知道哪些方法对你没有效。你甚至可以把产品包装或瓶子带给医生看。
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    如果长了满脸痘痘，非处方产品可能不起作用。没关系，皮肤科医生可以帮助你选择更好的治疗方案来对抗痤疮。处方产品更有效，而且可以解决引发痤疮的根本原因。 [44]
    • 痤疮可能是激素、炎症或皮肤深处的细菌造成。家庭疗法无法解决这些根本原因，但是皮肤科医生开具的处方产品可以做到这一点。
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    如果家庭疗法治好了痤疮，那么你不需要使用处方药。不过，如果痤疮迟迟不愈或分布广泛，或许可以选择使用药物。医生可能提议下面一项或多项治疗方案： [45]
    • 处方外用乳膏。它们通常含有维甲酸、过氧化苯甲酰、抗生素或水杨酸。
    • 抗生素。医生可能开具一种抗生素，杀死引发痤疮的细菌，并减轻炎症。
    • 激素类避孕药。如果你是女性，医生可能建议服用避孕药控制激素引发的痤疮。
    • 异维甲酸。如果其它方案不起作用，痤疮严重影响了你的生活，或许可以选择这个口服药。
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    除了使用药物，皮肤科医生也可以在诊所进行各种医学美容治疗，改善皮肤外观。你可能会在治疗中感到些许不适，不过应该不痛。向皮肤科医生咨询以下选项： [46]
    • 激光或光照疗法针对痤疮丙酸杆菌，或许有助于消除你脸上的痘痘。
    • 化学换肤去掉皮肤外层，露出底下洁净的新皮肤。
    • 如果是对药物没有反应的大面积囊肿型痤疮，医生会切开囊肿进行引流，或是将药物直接注入囊肿。
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    祛痘治疗经常会引起轻微的皮肤刺激和发红，这是正常的。但是，有些人可能会出现严重的副作用。这种情况很罕见，你不需要太担心，但是如果真的出现以下症状，必须立即就医： [47]
    • 呼吸困难
    • 脸、眼睛、嘴唇或舌头肿胀
    • 喉咙发紧
    • 感觉晕眩

小提示

  • 即使某些方法不起作用，也不要气馁。每个人的痤疮情况不一样，你可能只需要再多试几次，就能找到适合自己的方法。

警告

  • 尝试这些方法之前，最好先问过医生或皮肤科医生。你的皮肤可能有某种问题，导致上述的某项或多项治疗造成伤害。
  • 你可能听说过在皮肤涂抹柠檬汁能治疗痤疮。研究显示柠檬提取物有抗微生物作用，或许能对抗引发痤疮的病菌。 [48] 不过，柠檬汁刺激性大，会刺痛皮肤，可能反而长出更多痘。 [49]

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参考

  1. ↑ https://www.aad.org/dermatology-a-to-z/health-and-beauty/general-skin-care/face-washing-101
  2. ↑ https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/acne/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20368048
  3. ↑ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3997205/
  4. ↑ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3366450/
  5. ↑ https://www.aad.org/dermatology-a-to-z/health-and-beauty/general-skin-care/face-washing-101
  6. ↑ https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/a-z/dry-skin-self-care
  7. ↑ https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/acne/skin-care/habits-stop
  8. ↑ https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/acne/skin-care/habits-stop
  9. ↑ https://youngwomenshealth.org/2015/05/26/is-there-any-other-way-to-get-rid-of-acne/
  1. ↑ https://www.aad.org/dermatology-a-to-z/health-and-beauty/general-skin-care/face-washing-101
  2. ↑ https://aestheticsjournal.com/feature/the-impact-of-winter-on-the-skin
  3. ↑ https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/acne/skin-care/habits-stop
  4. ↑ https://health.clevelandclinic.org/how-often-should-you-wash-your-germ-magnet-of-a-bath-towel/
  5. ↑ https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/acne/skin-care/habits-stop
  6. ↑ https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/acne/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20368048
  7. ↑ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3997205/
  8. ↑ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4025519/
  9. ↑ https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/acne/skin-care/habits-stop
  10. ↑ https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/acne/causes/makeup
  11. ↑ http://www.ijdvl.com/article.asp?issn=0378-6323;year=2007;volume=73;issue=1;spage=22;epage=25;aulast=Enshaieh
  12. ↑ https://www.takingcharge.csh.umn.edu/how-do-i-choose-and-use-essential-oils
  13. ↑ https://www.mdpi.com/2218-0532/85/2/19/htm
  14. ↑ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5435909/
  15. ↑ https://www.takingcharge.csh.umn.edu/how-do-i-choose-and-use-essential-oils
  16. ↑ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5384166/
  17. ↑ https://www.mdedge.com/obgyn/article/54870/aesthetic-dermatology/onion-extract-improved-scars-36
  18. ↑ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6239165/
  19. ↑ https://www.uwhealth.org/madison-plastic-surgery/dehydrated-skin-my-skin-is-oily-so-why-is-it-flaking/42336
  20. ↑ https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/acne/skin-care/habits-stop
  21. ↑ https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/water/art-20044256
  22. ↑ http://health.clevelandclinic.org/2013/10/what-the-color-of-your-urine-says-about-you-infographic/
  23. ↑ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4507494/
  24. ↑ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2836431/
  25. ↑ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4507494/
  26. ↑ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4507494/
  27. ↑ https://www.researchgate.net/publication/245536690_Evaluation_of_serum_vitamins_A_and_E_and_zinc_levels_according_to_the_severity_of_acne_vulgaris
  28. ↑ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4507494/
  29. ↑ https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/acne/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20368048
  30. ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/stress-management/basics/stress-basics/hlv-20049495
  31. ↑ https://www.sleepfoundation.org/articles/teens-and-sleep
  32. ↑ https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/acne/causes/workouts
  33. ↑ https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/acne/symptoms-causes/syc-20368047
  34. ↑ https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/acne-and-rosacea/acne#treatment
  35. ↑ https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/acne-and-rosacea/acne#treatment
  36. ↑ https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/acne-and-rosacea/acne#treatment
  37. ↑ https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/acne-and-rosacea/acne#treatment
  38. ↑ https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/acne/symptoms-causes/syc-20368047
  39. ↑ https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236217959_Study_Antimicrobial_Activity_of_Lemon_Citrus_lemon_L_Peel_Extract
  40. ↑ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2801997/

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