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荨麻疹是常见的小儿皮肤病。发病时，孩子的皮肤上会出现红色和白色条痕或肿块。 [1] X 可靠来源 Seattle Children's Hospital 前往来源 它不具传染性，可能持续数小时至数天，在某些急性和慢性案列中，症状甚至会持续好几周。 [2] X 研究来源 这是因为身体对某些因素过敏，或是热气、焦虑、感染或温度变化，促使它释放组胺，导致皮肤起荨麻疹。 [3] X 研究来源 小孩得了荨麻疹？不要担心，你可以用简单的家庭疗法或处方药来进行治疗。
步骤
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留意荨麻疹发作的原因。 小孩得荨麻疹的原因很多，不管是局限性或广泛性荨麻疹，了解原因可以帮助你在家有效地给孩子进行治疗，或是决定要不要去看儿科医生。常见的原因包括： [7] X 可靠来源 Seattle Children's Hospital 前往来源
- 对贝类、坚果、牛奶和水果等食物过敏。 [8] X 研究来源 食物引起的荨麻疹一般会在6小时内（消化不良）消失。 [9] X 可靠来源 Seattle Children's Hospital 前往来源
- 盘尼西林或脱敏针等药物。 [10] X 研究来源
- 和宠物或动物接触。 [11] X 研究来源
- 接触有花植物的花粉。 [12] X 研究来源
- 被蚊子、蜜蜂等昆虫叮咬。 [13] X 研究来源
- 焦虑或压力。 [14] X 研究来源
- 暴露在极端气温或太阳下。 [15] X 研究来源
- 接触化学物品，包括洗衣精或香皂。 [16] X 研究来源
- 病毒感染，比如普通感冒、传染性单核细胞增多和肝炎。 [17] X 可靠来源 American College of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology 前往来源
- 细菌感染，比如尿路感染和链球菌性咽炎。 [18] X 可靠来源 American College of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology 前往来源
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避开荨麻疹发作的因素。 这种皮肤病可能是过敏原或特殊的刺激物造成的，了解孩子发病的原因，就能避开刺激物，帮助缓解和预防荨麻疹。 [28] X 可靠来源 Seattle Children's Hospital 前往来源
- 荨麻疹发作的诱因可以是过敏原、药物、食物过敏、化妆品、环境因素、蚊虫叮咬、感染、刺激性肥皂或洗涤剂。 [29] X 可靠来源 Seattle Children's Hospital 前往来源
- 如果你怀疑某样东西就是罪魁祸首，试着不让孩子接触它，看看是否能缓解症状。 [30] X 可靠来源 Seattle Children's Hospital 前往来源
- 某些外在因素会使荨麻疹恶化，包括日照、压力、流汗和温度变化。 [31] X 研究来源
- 用温和或低敏感性肥皂和洗衣液。它们的有害化学成分比较少，不太会刺激孩子的皮肤。标注为“低敏感性”的产品都在过敏肌肤上做了测试，不会刺激孩子的皮肤。 [32] X 研究来源
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给孩子吃抗组胺剂。 如果小孩全身都起荨麻疹，请给他服用抗组胺剂。这些药物可以抑制组胺，不让它们引起过敏反应，帮助缓解皮肤瘙痒和发炎。 [45] X 可靠来源 Seattle Children's Hospital 前往来源
- 根据孩子年龄和体重，给他服用所建议的剂量。如果你不确定用量，请咨询医生。 [46] X 可靠来源 Seattle Children's Hospital 前往来源
- 常见的抗组胺剂包括盐酸西替利嗪（cetirizine） [47] X 研究来源 、氯苯那敏（chlorpheniramine） [48] X 可靠来源 Seattle Children's Hospital 前往来源 和苯海拉明（diphenhydramine）。 [49] X 可靠来源 Seattle Children's Hospital 前往来源
- 这些药通常有镇静催眠作用，服用后一定要关注小孩的安全。 [50] X 可靠来源 Seattle Children's Hospital 前往来源
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警告
- 荨麻疹一般无害。在罕见的情况下，它也可能会很危险，特别是如果过敏反应太严重，导致小孩呼吸困难。如果你担心小孩的情况，或是家庭疗法不起作用，荨麻疹恶化了，最好带他去看医生。
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参考
- ↑ http://www.seattlechildrens.org/medical-conditions/symptom-index/hives/
- ↑ http://kidshealth.org/parent/infections/skin/hives.html
- ↑ http://kidshealth.org/parent/infections/skin/hives.html
- ↑ http://www.seattlechildrens.org/medical-conditions/symptom-index/hives/
- ↑ http://www.seattlechildrens.org/medical-conditions/symptom-index/hives/
- ↑ http://www.seattlechildrens.org/medical-conditions/symptom-index/hives/
- ↑ http://www.seattlechildrens.org/medical-conditions/symptom-index/hives/
- ↑ http://kidshealth.org/parent/infections/skin/hives.html#
- ↑ http://www.seattlechildrens.org/medical-conditions/symptom-index/hives/
- ↑ http://kidshealth.org/parent/infections/skin/hives.html#
- ↑ http://kidshealth.org/parent/infections/skin/hives.html#
- ↑ http://kidshealth.org/parent/infections/skin/hives.html#
- ↑ http://kidshealth.org/parent/infections/skin/hives.html#
- ↑ http://kidshealth.org/parent/infections/skin/hives.html#
- ↑ http://kidshealth.org/parent/infections/skin/hives.html#
- ↑ http://kidshealth.org/parent/infections/skin/hives.html#
- ↑ http://acaai.org/allergies/types/skin-allergies/hives-urticaria
- ↑ http://acaai.org/allergies/types/skin-allergies/hives-urticaria
- ↑ http://www.seattlechildrens.org/medical-conditions/symptom-index/hives/
- ↑ http://www.seattlechildrens.org/medical-conditions/symptom-index/hives/
- ↑ http://www.seattlechildrens.org/medical-conditions/symptom-index/hives/
- ↑ http://www.seattlechildrens.org/medical-conditions/symptom-index/hives/
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-hives/basics/tests-diagnosis/con-20031634
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-hives/basics/tests-diagnosis/con-20031634
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-hives/basics/tests-diagnosis/con-20031634
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-hives/basics/treatment/con-20031634
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-hives/basics/treatment/con-20031634
- ↑ http://www.seattlechildrens.org/medical-conditions/symptom-index/hives/
- ↑ http://www.seattlechildrens.org/medical-conditions/symptom-index/hives/
- ↑ http://www.seattlechildrens.org/medical-conditions/symptom-index/hives/
- ↑ http://kidshealth.org/parent/infections/skin/hives.html#
- ↑ http://kidshealth.org/parent/infections/skin/hives.html#
- ↑ http://www.seattlechildrens.org/medical-conditions/symptom-index/hives/
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/hand-washing/art-20046253
- ↑ http://www.rch.org.au/kidsinfo/fact_sheets/Hives/
- ↑ http://www.seattlechildrens.org/medical-conditions/symptom-index/hives/
- ↑ http://www.seattlechildrens.org/medical-conditions/symptom-index/hives/
- ↑ http://www.rch.org.au/kidsinfo/fact_sheets/Hives/
- ↑ http://www.rch.org.au/kidsinfo/fact_sheets/Hives/
- ↑ http://www.seattlechildrens.org/medical-conditions/symptom-index/hives/
- ↑ http://www.seattlechildrens.org/medical-conditions/symptom-index/hives/
- ↑ http://www.seattlechildrens.org/medical-conditions/symptom-index/hives/
- ↑ http://www.rch.org.au/kidsinfo/fact_sheets/Hives/
- ↑ http://www.rch.org.au/kidsinfo/fact_sheets/Hives/
- ↑ http://www.seattlechildrens.org/medical-conditions/symptom-index/hives/
- ↑ http://www.seattlechildrens.org/medical-conditions/symptom-index/hives/
- ↑ http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a698026.html
- ↑ http://www.seattlechildrens.org/medical-conditions/symptom-index/hives/
- ↑ http://www.seattlechildrens.org/medical-conditions/symptom-index/hives/
- ↑ http://www.seattlechildrens.org/medical-conditions/symptom-index/hives/
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-hives/basics/treatment/con-20031634
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-hives/basics/treatment/con-20031634
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-hives/basics/treatment/con-20031634
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-hives/basics/treatment/con-20031634
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-hives/basics/treatment/con-20031634
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-hives/basics/treatment/con-20031634
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-hives/basics/treatment/con-20031634
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-hives/basics/treatment/con-20031634
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-hives/basics/treatment/con-20031634
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-hives/basics/treatment/con-20031634
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-hives/basics/treatment/con-20031634
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-hives/basics/treatment/con-20031634
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-hives/basics/treatment/con-20031634
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-hives/basics/treatment/con-20031634
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