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小腿肌肉拉伤很常见,在运动员中尤为普遍。 [1] X 可靠来源 PubMed Central 前往来源 运动时经常会受伤,其中最严重和麻烦的情况就是小腿肌肉撕裂。受伤后,最大的问题是很难知道是肌肉撕裂还是肌肉拉伤。继续锻炼小腿肌肉很可能会造成撕裂。小腿肌肉撕裂得要很长时间才能痊愈,并且容易再次受伤。还有一些其它情况也会造成小腿疼痛,如果感到很疼,或者听到腿部发出“砰”或“啪”的声音,不能耽误,得马上就医。
步骤
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了解小腿肌肉受伤的原因。 小腿肌肉实际上由小腿三头肌组成,在小腿胫骨后侧与跟腱相连。小腿三头肌分别是腓肠肌(俗称小腿肚子)、比目鱼肌和跖肌。多数情况下,小腿肌肉拉伤实际上是腓肠肌拉伤,在小腿三头肌中,腓肠肌体积最大。 [2] X 可靠来源 PubMed Central 前往来源
- 腓肠肌从膝关节后方向下经过踝关节,再延伸到足跟。腓肠肌由许多快肌纤维组成。因为腓肠肌经常要快速拉伸和收缩,所以拉伤和撕裂的风险也就越高。 [3] X 可靠来源 PubMed Central 前往来源
- 比目鱼肌经过踝关节,最后止于足底。比目鱼肌主要由慢肌纤维组成,与腓肠肌相比不容易受伤。比目鱼肌拉伤的治疗方法也不一样。 [4] X 可靠来源 PubMed Central 前往来源
- 跖肌在小腿肌肉中的作用不大。跖肌其实主要是退化的肌肉。如果跖肌受伤,治疗方法与腓肠肌拉伤一样。 [5] X 可靠来源 PubMed Central 前往来源
- 跟腱把这些小腿肌群与跟骨连接起来。跟腱也会拉伤,造成小腿疼痛。跟腱常见的伤包括肌腱炎或肌腱断裂等。 [6] X 可靠来源 Mayo Clinic 前往来源
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谨遵医嘱。 小腿肌肉撕裂通常不需要做手术。在恢复期间,切记谨遵医嘱。否则可能会再次受伤。要有耐心,一般需要静养8周才会逐渐康复,之后还得休养数月,小腿才能像往常一样活动。 [22] X 研究来源
- 治疗方法包括休息、冰敷、加压包扎和打夹板。
- 之后康复治疗通常包括物理治疗、按摩和拄拐。
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警告
- 如果小腿肌肉撕裂了,不要自己盲目治疗!立即就医。
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参考
- ↑ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2697334/
- ↑ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2697334/
- ↑ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2697334/
- ↑ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2697334/
- ↑ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2697334/
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/achilles-tendon-rupture/basics/symptoms/con-20020370
- ↑ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3845475/
- ↑ http://physioworks.com.au/injuries-conditions-1/calf-muscle-tears
- ↑ http://www.mountsinai.org/patient-care/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/calf-muscle-strain
- ↑ http://www.running-physio.com/acutecalf/
- ↑ http://www.footeducation.com/foot-and-ankle-conditions/calf-muscle-tear-gastrocnemius-tear/
- ↑ http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/91687-overview
- ↑ http://physioworks.com.au/injuries-conditions-1/calf-muscle-tears
- ↑ http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/91687-clinical
- ↑ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3845475/
- ↑ http://www.drugs.com/health-guide/leg-strain.html
- ↑ http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=a00204
- ↑ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2697334/
- ↑ http://www.mountsinai.org/patient-care/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/calf-muscle-strain
- ↑ http://www.mountsinai.org/patient-care/health-library/treatments-and-procedures/magnetic-resonance-imaging
- ↑ https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/007269.htm
- ↑ http://www.footeducation.com/foot-and-ankle-conditions/calf-muscle-tear-gastrocnemius-tear/
- ↑ https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002066.htm
- ↑ http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=47633
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/muscle-cramp/basics/lifestyle-home-remedies/con-20014594
- ↑ http://www.webmd.com/pain-management/muscle-spasms-cramps-charley-horse
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/muscle-cramp/basics/lifestyle-home-remedies/con-20014594
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tendinitis/basics/definition/con-20020309
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tendinitis/basics/symptoms/con-20020309
- ↑ http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/175596.php
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tendinitis/basics/lifestyle-home-remedies/con-20020309
- ↑ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2697334/
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/achilles-tendon-rupture/basics/causes/con-20020370
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/achilles-tendon-rupture/basics/symptoms/con-20020370
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/achilles-tendon-rupture/basics/risk-factors/con-20020370
- ↑ https://www.acsm.org/public-information/articles/2012/01/10/basic-injury-prevention-concepts
- ↑ https://www.acsm.org/public-information/articles/2012/01/10/basic-injury-prevention-concepts
- ↑ https://www.acsm.org/public-information/articles/2012/02/02/improving-your-flexibility-and-balance
- ↑ http://www.physioadvisor.com.au/8042350/calf-strain-calf-tear-torn-calf-muscle-physi.htm
- ↑ http://www.physioadvisor.com.au/8042350/calf-strain-calf-tear-torn-calf-muscle-physi.htm
- ↑ https://www.acsm.org/public-information/articles/2012/01/10/basic-injury-prevention-concepts
- ↑ http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/91687-overview
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