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Culinary experts reveal what to look for in a perfectly cooked chicken
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Making chicken at home is an easy, healthy, and versatile way to add protein and great flavor to just about any meal. The only catch is that you’ve got to make sure it’s fully cooked, or else that tasty stuffed chicken breast can turn into a nasty case of food poisoning. Thankfully, checking if chicken is cooked is just as easy as cooking it! In this article, we’ll explain how to use a food thermometer to be 100% sure your bird is done, plus show you other signs of a perfectly cooked chicken to look for. Let’s get cookin’!
This article is based on an interview with our private chef and food educator, Ollie George Cigliano, owner of Ollie George Cooks. Check out the full interview here.
Things You Should Know
- Use a digital food thermometer to check that the thickest part of your chicken is at least 165 °F (74 °C). This is the best way to tell if it’s cooked.
- Look for other signs of doneness like a firm texture, clear or white-ish juices running from the chicken, and a white or very light pink internal meat color.
- Allow a few extra minutes of cooking time for bone-in pieces. If the chicken is frozen, lower the temperature and double the cook time to ensure it’s done.
Steps
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Opt for a digital meat thermometer. Digital thermometers provide the most accurate temperature readings, but an analog thermometer will give you a good approximation in a pinch, too. Choose an instant-read digital thermometer to check your chicken toward the end of its cook time, or go for a leave-in digital thermometer to watch the temperature continuously during cooking.
- Keep an analog thermometer
as a backup in case the batteries in your digital one die. [1]
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Expert Source
JoAnna Minneci
Professional Chef Expert Interview. 23 November 2021.
- Keep an analog thermometer
as a backup in case the batteries in your digital one die. [1]
X
Expert Source
JoAnna Minneci
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Calibrate your thermometer by sticking it in ice water for 30 seconds. Fill a large pitcher with ice and cold tap water, then stir until the ice is distributed evenly. Place your thermometer into the pitcher of ice water (making sure it’s not touching the bottom or sides) and wait 30 seconds (or until the temperature reading settles on one number). A calibrated thermometer will read 32 °F (0 °C). [2] X Research source
- If your analog thermometer is off, flip it over and adjust the dial gauge by twisting the nut with pliers. Then, test it in the ice water pitcher again.
- Digital thermometers can’t be adjusted if the readings are off. To correct for this, note how many degrees off the thermometer is, then add or subtract that number later.
- For example, if the thermometer reads 38 °F (3 °C) when it should read 32 °F (0 °C), subtract 6 degrees for the right temperature.
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Find the thickest part of the chicken. Identify which area of the chicken has the most meat on it, usually toward the center of the piece. If you’re cooking a whole chicken , the thickest parts will be the breast or thigh. Always test the temperature of the thickest part of the meat to ensure the entire piece is cooked, and not just the thin portions. [3] X Expert Source Ollie George Cigliano
Private Chef & Food Educator Expert Interview. 30 August 2021. -
Push the thermometer into the thickest section of meat for 30 seconds. Stab your thermometer about 2 in (5.1 cm) into the chicken, making sure that the end of the thermometer stays near the middle of the piece and isn’t touching fat or bone. Wait about 30 seconds, or until your thermometer reading becomes steady, to get an accurate temperature reading. [4] X Research source
- Chicken (and all poultry) should be cooked until its internal temperature is 165 °F (74 °C). Dark meat is safe to eat at this temperature, but may have a better texture if it’s slightly hotter (175–190 °F (79–88 °C)). [5] X Trustworthy Source FoodSafety.gov Online portal combining food safety information from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, the Food Safety and Inspection Service, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Go to source
- If your chicken is above this temperature, it may be overcooked. If it’s under, put it back on the heat until it hits 165 °F (74 °C).
- If you have a thin piece of chicken, like a chicken breast, insert the thermometer sideways.
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Poke the chicken with your finger to see if it’s firm. As it cooks, chicken loses moisture and tightens up. Raw chicken feels rubbery or wobbly, while cooked chicken feels firmer and springs back from your touch. Give your chicken a poke in a thick spot that doesn’t have a bone underneath to see if it has a firm, cooked texture. [6] X Expert Source JoAnna Minneci
Professional Chef Expert Interview. 23 November 2021.- Undercooked chicken will feel quite dense or give a “snap” when you bite into it. Cooked chicken feels and looks more fibrous or almost stringy. [7] X Research source
- To get an idea of what cooked chicken feels like, keep your hand limp and press your middle finger to your thumb.
- If your chicken has bones in it, the meat will fall off fairly easily if it’s fully cooked.
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Look for clear or white-ish juice running from your chicken. Check the drippings or juice that collected in the pan or dish that your chicken is cooking in. Clear or white juice indicates a cooked chicken, while a more pink liquid means your bird needs more time. [8] X Expert Source JoAnna Minneci
Professional Chef Expert Interview. 23 November 2021. If you don’t see any juice in the pan, make a small incision at the thickest part of the meat and see what color juice runs out. [9] X Expert Source Ollie George Cigliano
Private Chef & Food Educator Expert Interview. 30 August 2021.- Checking the color of the juice to test whether the meat is done is a trick that only works for chicken and not other types of meat.
- Instead of pouring out all those tasty drippings, try using them to make gravy to serve with your chicken!
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Check if your chicken has shrunk in size. Uncooked chicken holds a lot of moisture which runs or evaporates away during the cooking process. Meat also tends to shrink while cooking because the muscle fibers contract when heated. When your chicken is fully cooked, it’ll be about 25% smaller than it looked when it was raw. [10] X Research source
- The exact amount of shrinkage depends on how much moisture and fat the raw piece of chicken has. Extra fatty or juicy pieces will shrink more compared to lean cuts.
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Make a cut and look for a white-ish meat color inside the chicken. Slice open the thickest part of your chicken and check the color—cooked chicken should be white, very light pink, or light tan on the inside with no glaring, shiny pink areas. If there are large pink areas, the chicken needs more time. [11] X Trustworthy Source Food Safety and Inspection Service of the USDA Food safety information provided by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Go to source
- It’s possible that chicken will still have a slightly pinkish hue even when it’s fully cooked. Always confirm doneness with your meat thermometer if you see some pink to avoid overcooking your chicken. [12] X Research source
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5Double check that the recommended cooking time has passed. Keep your chicken on the heat for the entire time your recipe suggests (unless it’s burning—then, take it off the heat). If you’re going without a recipe, compare your cut to a chicken cooking time chart for an estimated time. For example, at 350 °F (177 °C), most boneless breasts should cook for 35-45 minutes while whole, unstuffed chickens roast for about 1 hour and 40 minutes. [13] X Research source
- Remember that the exact time it takes to thoroughly cook chicken depends on the cooking temperature and the size of the pieces being cooked.
- Chicken pieces with the bone in will take a few minutes longer to cook than boneless cuts.
- If you’re cooking from frozen
, double the cook time for breasts, thighs, or other pieces. Increase the cook time by 50% for frozen whole chickens. [14]
X
Expert Source
Ollie George Cigliano
Private Chef & Food Educator Expert Interview. 30 August 2021.- Because of the longer cook time, lower your temperature to prevent burning. For example, if you’d normally roast a thawed chicken at 425 °F (218 °C), adjust the temperature to 375 °F (191 °C).
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Expert Q&A
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QuestionHow do you know if chicken is cooked without a thermometer?JoAnna Minneci is a retired Professional Chef based in the Nashville, Tennessee area. With 18 years of experience, Chef JoAnna specialized in teaching others how to cook through private cooking lessons, team-building events, and wellness and nutrition classes. She also appeared in numerous television shows on networks such as Bravo and Food Network. Chef JoAnna received Culinary Arts training from the Art Institute of California at Los Angeles. She is also certified in sanitation, nutrition, kitchen management, and cost control.Without the thermometer, you're just going to end up guessing. One thing you can do is poke the chicken. If it's firm it and the chicken is really firm.
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QuestionHow can you tell if chicken is overcooked?JoAnna Minneci is a retired Professional Chef based in the Nashville, Tennessee area. With 18 years of experience, Chef JoAnna specialized in teaching others how to cook through private cooking lessons, team-building events, and wellness and nutrition classes. She also appeared in numerous television shows on networks such as Bravo and Food Network. Chef JoAnna received Culinary Arts training from the Art Institute of California at Los Angeles. She is also certified in sanitation, nutrition, kitchen management, and cost control.If there's a lot of liquid in the pan, it probably means that all of the moisture that would have made a tender chicken breast moist and juicy is now squeezed out because of the muscle contracting as it's been overcooked.
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QuestionHow do I know when a chicken thigh is done?This answer was written by one of our trained team of researchers who validated it for accuracy and comprehensiveness.wikiHow Staff EditorStaff AnswerThe thigh is done when the internal temp is 16 degrees Fahrenheit, the meat inside is white and the juices are clear, and the meat slides off the bone fairly easily. Checking the temperature is the safest, most surefire way to tell.
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Tips
- The same signs of doneness apply to chicken that started from frozen, too. The internal temperature should reach 165 °F (74 °C), the juices should run clear, and there should be no shiny pink spots showing inside.Thanks
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Warnings
- Eating undercooked chicken can cause mild to severe food poisoning from bacteria like Salmonella or Campylobacter. [15] X Trustworthy Source Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Main public health institute for the US, run by the Dept. of Health and Human Services Go to sourceThanks
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Expert Interview
Thanks for reading our article! If you’d like to learn more about cooking chicken, check out our in-depth interview with Ollie George Cigliano .
References
- ↑ JoAnna Minneci. Professional Chef. Expert Interview. 23 November 2021.
- ↑ https://extension.sdstate.edu/how-calibrate-meat-thermometer
- ↑ Ollie George Cigliano. Private Chef & Food Educator. Expert Interview. 30 August 2021.
- ↑ https://extension.umn.edu/preserving-and-preparing/food-thermometers
- ↑ https://www.foodsafety.gov/food-safety-charts/safe-minimum-internal-temperatures
- ↑ JoAnna Minneci. Professional Chef. Expert Interview. 23 November 2021.
- ↑ https://bbqhost.com/how-to-tell-if-chicken-is-undercooked/
- ↑ JoAnna Minneci. Professional Chef. Expert Interview. 23 November 2021.
- ↑ Ollie George Cigliano. Private Chef & Food Educator. Expert Interview. 30 August 2021.
- ↑ https://www.tastingtable.com/1026347/what-does-it-mean-if-your-grilled-chicken-shrinks/
- ↑ https://www.fsis.usda.gov/food-safety/safe-food-handling-and-preparation/food-safety-basics/color-meat-and-poultry
- ↑ https://www.thekitchn.com/chicken-still-pink-after-cooki-157168
- ↑ https://www.myrecipes.com/ingredients/chicken-recipes/how-long-to-cook-chicken
- ↑ Ollie George Cigliano. Private Chef & Food Educator. Expert Interview. 30 August 2021.
- ↑ https://www.cdc.gov/food-safety/foods/chicken.html
About This Article
Article Summary
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To tell if chicken is cooked, insert the tip of a meat thermometer into the thickest part of the meat. Once the thermometer reads at least 165° F (74 °C), the chicken is done. If you don’t have a meat thermometer, look at the juice in the pan to see if it’s clear, or try cutting into the chicken and checking the color of the juices that flow out. They should be colorless if the chicken is done, not red or pink. The meat should also feel firm to the touch, not rubbery. Cut into the thickest part of the chicken and check the color of the meat as well. Breast meat should be white all the way through, while thigh meat should have a light brown color. If you notice any pink or red meat, the chicken probably needs to cook longer.
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