How to Set up and Play Backgammon: Your Complete Guide

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Learn how to play this classic game with our detailed rules tutorial
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Have you always wanted to try backgammon but weren’t sure how to set it up and get started? This classic 2-player game is beyond fun to play when you have some spare time, and it’s really simple to learn. Whether you’ve never tried the game before or you just need a reminder of the rules, we’ve got everything you’ll need to know. Once you finish reading, you’ll know exactly how to set up a game of backgammon and beat your competition .

Things You Should Know

  • Place checkers of your color on triangular points on the board. Put 5 on your 6th point, 3 on your 8th point, 5 on your 13th point, and 2 on your 24th point.
  • Roll 2 dice and move your checkers that number of spaces. You can move 1 checker the total number of spaces or split the movement between 2 checkers.
  • ​​Move all your checkers to your home board to start removing pieces. Take checkers off of the spaces that match the numbers on your dice roll.
  • Win the game by removing all of your checkers from the board before the other player.
Section 1 of 6:

Setup

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  1. Separate the checkers by their color and give a full set to each of the players. Then hand each person 2 6-sided dice to roll during the game. [1]
    • You can share the same pair of dice if you don’t have enough for both players.
    • If your backgammon set has a doubling cube with numbers on it, you can set it aside for now. You don’t need to play with it if you’re just learning the game.
  2. Sit across from the person you’re playing with and position the board so the narrow triangles (known as “points”) are in front of you. The backgammon board has 2 halves separated by the bar in the middle. Each half has 2 quadrants with 6 points. The 2 quadrants on one half of the board are the players’ “home boards,” and the quadrants on the other half are the players’ “outer boards.” [2]
    • In a traditional game of backgammon, the home board is on the right side for the white player and the left for the black player.
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  3. The points are numbered 1–24 for each player, wrapping around from one player’s home board to the other. Each player’s points are numbered in opposite directions, so your 1st point is the other player’s 24th point. Place 5 checkers on your 6th point, 3 on your 8th point, 5 on your 13th point (the point in the outer corner of your opponent’s outer board), and 2 on your 24th point. [3]
    • Lay the checkers out flat instead of stacking them so it’s easier to see how many are on the board.
    • None of your checkers should ever be on the same points as the other player. If you have any spots where your pieces overlap, find the correct points on the board to move the pieces to.
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Section 2 of 6:

Objective

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  1. Every turn, you’ll roll dice and move your checkers around the points so they get closer and closer to your home board. [4] Once you have all of your checkers on your home side of the board, you can start removing them (or “bearing them off”) from the board instead of moving them. As soon as you take your last checker off the board, you win!
    • While you’re trying to move your checkers closer to your home board, remember the other player is doing the same. Even though the game is a race to finish, there’s a lot of strategy for positioning and blocking your opponent’s moves.
Section 3 of 6:

Moving Checkers

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  1. Take one of your dice and roll them near the board. Whoever rolled the higher number gets to start the game using the numbers that were just rolled. After the first turn, each player rolls their own pair of dice. [5]
    • If you both rolled the same number, roll the dice again until one of you has a higher number.
    • Some backgammon sets have dice cups for rolling the dice, but rolling them inside of the board or on the table works fine too.
  2. You can either move 1 checker the total number of spaces from your roll, or you can split the movement between 2 checkers. Choose which checkers you’re using, and move them the number of points down the board. As long as the point you land on doesn’t have 2 or more enemy pieces, then it’s a legal move. Once you finish moving, it’s the other player’s turn. [6]
    • Example: You roll a 5 and a 3. You can either move one checker 5 points and another 3 points. Alternatively, you can move a single checker a total of 8 spaces, either by going 5 spaces followed by 3 or 3 spaces followed by 5.
    • If you roll doubles, you get to use the dice roll again. If you rolled a pair of 6s, then you can move up to 4 separate checkers 6 spaces each.
    • You have to move a checker if you’re able to. If you can’t move any checkers because you’re blocked, then you lose your turn.
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Section 4 of 6:

Hitting

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  1. Whenever you have an opportunity to land on a point with a single one of your opponent’s checkers (no more no less!), do it to slow down their progress. Take their checker off the board and set it on the bar in the middle. [7]
  2. If you have any checkers on the bar, you’re not allowed to move any of your pieces until you move the hit pieces back onto the board. Roll the dice on your turn. If the numbers on the dice correspond to any open points on your opponent’s home board, you can move a checker there from the bar. If none of the numbers match or if the points are blocked, then you lose your turn. [8]
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Section 5 of 6:

Bearing Off

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  1. If you still have other checkers on your opponent’s side or on your outer board, continue taking turns like normal to move them. As soon as you move your last checker onto your home board, you can immediately start bearing them off the board to try and win. [9]
  2. Roll your dice just like you would on your other turns. If there are any checkers on the point that matches one of the dice, then you can take it off the board permanently.
    • If there isn’t a checker on the point from your die roll but there are checkers higher than it, you must move those checkers instead. For example, if you roll a 4 but still have a checker on the 5th point, you would have to move that checker to your 1st point.
    • If the point you rolled doesn’t have a checker and there aren’t any higher checkers, then you can bear off a piece from the next highest point. So if you roll a 4, you could instead take a checker off of the 3rd point.
  3. Race against your opponent to try and get the last of your checkers off the board before they can. Once one player has a lucky dice roll and removes their last checker, they’re the winner! [10]
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Section 6 of 6:

Doubling

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  1. When you’re playing competitive back-to-back matches or wagering money, you can increase the value of the game with the doubling cube. The cube has sides with 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, and 64, so you can continue doubling the stakes if you feel confident you’re going to win. Since you don’t really need the cube for a standard game, it’s okay if you don’t play with it your first few times. [11]
  2. Start with the doubling cube in between the players to the side of the board. If you feel like you’re doing well based on your board positioning, use the cube on your turn before you roll the dice. Turn the cube to the side with the “2” and offer it to the other player. [12]
    • Any player can choose to double the stakes for the first time in the game.
    • You may want to double the stakes if you have a lot of your pieces in your home board and your opponent still has a lot of checkers on the outer boards.
  3. If you feel like you’re at a disadvantage and might lose, you can refuse the takes and concede the game immediately. If you think you can come back and win or just feel confident, accept the double and keep the cube in front of you with the “2” side facing up. [13]
    • If you refuse the double, you lose the number of points or money for the value before it was doubled. So if the proposed double was a “2”, then you’d only lose 1 point.
  4. Only the person who has the cube can choose to redouble the stakes. If the person who has the cube feels confident in winning the game, then they can turn the cube onto the next highest face and offer it to the other player. Just like before, the other player can either refuse or accept the double. [14]
  5. Once the game ends, check the value that’s showing on the doubling cube to see how many points you staked on the game. If you won and your opponent was able to bear off at least one of the checkers, you get points equal to the face showing on the cube. [15]
    • If your opponent wasn’t able to bear off any checkers, then they were “gammoned” and you win points twice the value of the doubling cube.
    • When your opponent couldn’t bear off checkers and they still have a checker on the bar, then they’ve been “backgammoned” and you win points three times the value of the cube.
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Community Q&A

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  • Question
    Can I move other checkers if I’m on the bar?
    wikiHow Staff Editor
    Staff Answer
    This answer was written by one of our trained team of researchers who validated it for accuracy and comprehensiveness.
    wikiHow Staff Editor
    Staff Answer
    No, you must move the checkers off the bar before you can move anything else.
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  • Question
    Do I have to roll doubles to escape from the bar?
    Community Answer
    Not necessarily. You can escape from the bar with either doubles or non-doubles provided any of the numbers rolled is an unblocked point in your opponent's home board. If you do roll doubles, you can move up to four of your bar checkers to that point, but if that point is blocked then you have to pass.
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  • Question
    How do I get back on the board?
    Community Answer
    On your next turn, roll the dice and place your piece in the corresponding space in the first quarter of the board. If there are opposing players pieces on the spaces you rolled, you don't get to play and must wait for your next turn to try again.
    Thanks! We're glad this was helpful.
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      References

      1. ↑ https://www.hasbro.com/common/instruct/Backgammon.PDF
      2. ↑ https://catalogimages.wiley.com/images/db/pdf/9780470770856.excerpt.pdf
      3. ↑ https://usbgf.org/backgammon-basics-how-to-play/
      4. ↑ https://www.gammonvillage.com/pdf/backgammon-rules.pdf
      5. ↑ https://usbgf.org/backgammon-basics-how-to-play/
      6. ↑ https://www.gammonvillage.com/pdf/backgammon-rules.pdf
      7. ↑ https://www.hasbro.com/common/instruct/Backgammon.PDF
      8. ↑ https://www.smithsonianstore.com/product_images/uploaded_images/Game_Box_Instructions.pdf
      9. ↑ https://www.gammonvillage.com/pdf/backgammon-rules.pdf
      1. ↑ https://www.hasbro.com/common/instruct/Backgammon.PDF
      2. ↑ https://catalogimages.wiley.com/images/db/pdf/9780470770856.excerpt.pdf
      3. ↑ https://www.smithsonianstore.com/product_images/uploaded_images/Game_Box_Instructions.pdf
      4. ↑ https://www.fgbradleys.com/rules/Backgammon_Rules.pdf
      5. ↑ https://www.gammonvillage.com/pdf/backgammon-rules.pdf
      6. ↑ https://www.smithsonianstore.com/product_images/uploaded_images/Game_Box_Instructions.pdf

      About This Article

      Article Summary X

      Backgammon setup is simple once you know the layout of the board. A Backgammon board has 24 narrow triangles, called points, that alternate in color and are grouped into 4 quadrants of 6. One half of the board has the home boards for each player, and the other half has the outer boards. The points on the board are numbered, but they’re numbered opposite for each player since players sit across from each other. The outermost point on the opposite side of each player’s home board is 24, and the outermost point on each player’s home board is 1. Backgammon starts with each player placing 2 of their checkers on their 24 points, 5 checkers on their 13 point, 3 checkers on their 8 point, and 5 checkers on their 6 point. Each player’s checkers should mirror each other, and the player’s checkers shouldn’t overlap on any of the points. Once each player’s checkers are on the board, you’re ready to start playing! To learn how doubles work in backgammon, read on!

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