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Like the appendix in a human body, an appendix contains information that is supplementary and not strictly necessary to the main body of the writing. An appendix may include a reference section for the reader, a summary of the raw data or extra details on the method behind the work. You may be required to write an appendix for school or you may decide to write an appendix for a personal project you are working on. You should start by collecting content for the appendix and by formatting the appendix properly. You should then polish the appendix so it is accessible, useful, and engaging for your reader.
Steps
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Include raw data. The appendix should be a space where you can include raw data that you collected during your research for your paper or essay . You should include any raw data that you feel will be relevant to your paper, especially if it will help to support your findings. Only include raw data on information that you refer to or discuss in your paper, as you want to make sure the data feels relevant for your reader. [1] X Research source- Raw data may include sample calculations that you refer to in the body of the paper as well as specialized data that expands on data or information you discuss in the paper. Raw statistical data can also be included in the appendix.
- You may also include contributory facts from other sources that will help to support your findings in the paper. Make sure you properly cite any information you are pulling from other sources.
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Put in supporting graphs , charts, or images. The appendix should also include visual supporting documents, such as graphs, charts, images, maps, drawings or photographs. Only put in visuals that will support your findings in your paper. [2] X Research source- You may include graphs or charts you have created yourself or graphs or charts from another source. Make sure you properly cite any visuals that are not your own in the appendix.
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Note your research instruments in the appendix. You should make sure you note the instruments you used to conduct your research . This could be a video camera, a tape recorder, or any other device that helped you gather your information. It can be helpful for your reader to understand how you used that device to conduct your research. [3] X Research source- For example, you may note in the appendix: “All interviews and surveys were conducted in person in a private setting and were recorded with a tape recorder.”
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Add in interview transcripts or surveys. The appendix should also include transcripts of any interviews or surveys you conducted as part of your research. Make sure the transcripts cover the entire interview, including interview questions and answers. You may include photocopies of surveys written on by hand or saved copies of surveys completed online. [4] X Research source- You should also include any correspondences you had with subjects in your research, such as copies of emails, letters, or notes written to or from your research subjects.
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Title the appendix. The appendix should be titled clearly on the top of the page. Use all capital letters, such as “APPENDIX” or sentence case, such as “Appendix.” You can use the same font and font size as you used for your chapter headings in your paper or essay.- If you have more than one appendix, order them by letter or number and be consistent about the ordering. For example, if you are using letters, make sure the appendices are titled “Appendix A,” “Appendix B,” etc. If you are using numbers, make sure the appendices are titled “Appendix 1,” “Appendix 2,” etc.
- If you have more than one appendix, make sure each appendix begins on a new page. This will ensure the reader is not confused as to where one appendix ends and another begins.
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Order the content in the appendix. You should order the content in the appendix based on when it appears in the text. This will make the appendix more user friendly and make it easier to access. [5] X Research source- For example, if raw data is mentioned in the first line of your paper, place that raw data first in your appendix. Or if you mention interview questions at the very end of your paper, make sure the interview questions appear as the last point in your appendix.
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Place the appendix after your reference list . The appendix or appendices should appear after your reference list or list of sources. If your professor prefers the appendix to appear in a different space after your paper, such as before the reference list, follow their requirements. [6] X Research source- You should also make sure you list the appendix in your table of contents for the paper, if you have one. You can list it based on title, for example, “Appendix”, or “Appendix A” if you have more than one appendix.
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Add page numbers. You should make sure the appendix has page numbers at the bottom right corner or the center of the page. Use the same page number formatting for the appendix that you used for the rest of the paper. Continue the numbering from the text into the appendix so it feels like part of the whole. [7] X Research source- For example, if the text ends on page 17, continue numbering from page 17 when you put in the page numbers for the appendix.
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Revise the appendix for clarity and cohesion. There is no standard page or word count for an appendix but it should not be long-winded or unnecessarily long. Go back through the appendix or the appendices and make sure all the included information is relevant to the text. Remove any information that does not relate to the text or illuminate it in some way. Having an overly long appendix can appear unprofessional and clutter up your paper as a whole.- You may find it helpful to have someone else read through the appendix, such as a peer or a mentor. Ask them if they feel all the included information is relevant to the paper and remove any information they deem unnecessary.
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Check for spelling or grammar errors. You should review the appendix to make sure it is free of any spelling, grammar, or punctuation errors. Use spell check on your computer and also try to review the appendix on your own.- Read through the appendix backwards so you can make sure there are no spelling errors. You want the appendix to appear as professional as possible.
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Refer to the appendix in the text of the paper. Once you have completed the appendix, you should go back into your paper and make sure you cite information in the appendix by title. Doing this will show your reader that the appendix contains information that is relevant to your text. It will also allow them to use the appendix to access supplementary information as they read through the text. [8] X Research source- For example, you may note an appendix in the text with: “My research produced the same results in both cases (see Appendix for raw data)” or “I feel my research was conclusive (see Appendix A for interview notes).”
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Sample Appendices
Community Q&A
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QuestionHow do you add an appendix to an essay?This answer was written by one of our trained team of researchers who validated it for accuracy and comprehensiveness.wikiHow Staff EditorStaff AnswerYou’d add an appendix to an essay the same way as you would to any other type of writing. Make sure to give each appendix a name (such as Appendix A, Appendix B, and so on) and put them in the proper position according to the style you’re using. For example, in an APA paper, the appendix would appear after your reference list and any tables or figures.
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QuestionHow do you create an appendix in Word?This answer was written by one of our trained team of researchers who validated it for accuracy and comprehensiveness.wikiHow Staff EditorStaff AnswerCreate a section break where you’d like to add the appendix. You can use a “continuous break” if you want the appendix in a new section but not on a new page, or a “page break” to create a new page for each appendix. If you like, set page numbers to start with each new section if you want to paginate the appendices separately from the body of the document. Use the special “Heading” styles in the Home tab to create a heading for each appendix. This will make it easier to navigate the document and find the appendices quickly.
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QuestionHow do you cite an appendix?This answer was written by one of our trained team of researchers who validated it for accuracy and comprehensiveness.wikiHow Staff EditorStaff AnswerThat depends on the citation style you’re using. For example, for an inline citation in MLA style, you’d use a parenthetical citation that names the appendix you’re citing: (Wittenberg, Appendix A). In APA style, you’d also include the year of publication (Wittenberg, 2017, Appendix A). For Chicago style, you’d need to cite the page numbers.
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References
- ↑ https://libguides.usc.edu/writingguide/appendices
- ↑ https://libguides.usc.edu/writingguide/appendices
- ↑ http://libguides.usc.edu/writingguide/appendices
- ↑ http://libguides.usc.edu/writingguide/appendices
- ↑ https://libguides.usc.edu/writingguide/appendices
- ↑ https://libguides.usc.edu/writingguide/appendices
- ↑ http://libguides.usc.edu/writingguide/appendices
- ↑ https://askus.library.wwu.edu/faq/116707
About This Article
Article Summary
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To write an appendix, start by writing “Appendix” at the top of the document, using the same font you used for your chapter headings. Then, order the contents, such as graphs, surveys, or interview transcripts, based on the order in which they appear in your paper. Next, number the pages so they follow sequentially, coming after your paper and your reference list or list of sources. Finally, make sure to check for spelling and grammar errors, so everything will look polished and professional. For more tips from our English co-author, including how to refer to the appendix in your paper, keep reading!
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Reader Success Stories
- "Just knowing exactly how an appendix should be used and in what order it is comprised are very important. How it should be referenced in the body of the document is key to putting together a perfect, useful appendix." ..." more
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"Just knowing exactly how an appendix should be used and in what order it is comprised are very important. How it should be referenced in the body of the document is key to putting together a perfect, useful appendix."
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"Extremely helpful! I'm currently writing my dissertation and had no idea how to structure my appendix. I am now fully confident!"
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"I gained a crucial point about continuous numbering of the Appendix after the text so that it can appear as one document."
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"This is a really good article - it helped me a lot during my assignments! I ended up getting an A in my History report."
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"It helped me to order my appendix and to refer to it properly along the main body of my paper."
