Guicciardin also claims that the French descent into Italy “not only [gave] rise to changes of dominions, subversion of kingdoms, desolation of countries, destruction of cities and the cruelest [of] massacres” but that it also brought about “new fashions, new customs, new and bloody ways of waging warfare . . . and diseases which had been unknown up to that time” (48). Scholar Gregory Hanlon asserted in his book that “not only did France under Charles VIII begin this unleash[ing] [of] a Pandora’s box of calamities lasting for over half a century . . . but that after he left the throne, Louis XII, his successor, invaded Italy again in 1499, claiming other parts of Italy . . . and agree[ing] to split Naples with Ferdinand of Spain” (Hanlon 63). Scholar Gadi BenEzer writes on the hardship of assimilation: “From the point of view of the Ethiopian Jews . . . it might be summed up precisely as a failure to feel the sense of completeness and belonging they had expected . . . Instead, they experienced a continu[ing] struggle to realise their identity and self-concept” (BenEzer 185).