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如何在论文中引用歌曲

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引用一首歌曲，可以以音乐（录音）片段的形式引用，也可以引用它的乐谱。 MLA（美国现代语言协会）、 APA （美国语文学协会）、芝加哥风格都有独特的引用格式需求。

方法 1

方法 1 的 6:

MLA风格引用音乐片段

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1
写出表演者的名字。 可以是一个人，或一个乐团。如果是一个人，写出姓、名的格式，最后用句点结尾。
- Crosby, Bing.
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2
接着写出歌曲的名字。 用句点结尾，名字写出引号中。
- Crosby, Bing. "White Christmas."
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3
列出作曲者的名字。 如果作曲者和表演者是同一个人，则可以留空，如果不同，则要写出名、姓格式。最后加个句点。在前面加个"By"来引入名字。
- Crosby, Bing. "White Christmas." By Irving Berlin.
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4
把唱片集的标题写进去。 查一下是什么唱片中的内容，然后用斜体写出。后面再加个句点。
- Crosby, Bing. "White Christmas." By Irving Berlin. Merry Christmas .
{"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images_en\/thumb\/e\/e0\/Cite-a-Song-Step-5-Version-4.jpg\/v4-460px-Cite-a-Song-Step-5-Version-4.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/e\/e0\/Cite-a-Song-Step-5-Version-4.jpg\/v4-728px-Cite-a-Song-Step-5-Version-4.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}

5
列出这段音乐的唱片公司，以及出版年份。 写出发布的年份，之间要用逗号隔开，年份最后加个句点。
- Crosby, Bing. "White Christmas." By Irving Berlin. Merry Christmas . Decca, 1942.
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6
用唱片的格式做结尾。 你可以用"LP"（唱片），或 "CD" 、 "Audiocassette"（录音带）来标出对应的媒介。
- Crosby, Bing. "White Christmas." By Irving Berlin. Merry Christmas . Decca, 1942. LP.
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方法 2

方法 2 的 6:

MLA风格引用乐谱

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1
以作曲者的名字开头。 作曲者就是写作乐谱的人，而不是表演者。用姓、名的格式，然后用句点结尾。
- Berlin, Irving.
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2
写出歌曲题目的名字。 用括号括起来，最后用句点结尾
- Berlin, Irving. "White Christmas."
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3
写出音乐的主标题。 用斜体写，再加个句点。
- Berlin, Irving. "White Christmas." White Christmas .
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4
之后写出出版地点、出版者、出版年份。 出版地点是出版的城市、国家，然后加冒号，列出出版者，然后逗号，然后再写出出版年份。
- Berlin, Irving. "White Christmas." White Christmas . New York, NY: Irving Berlin Music Corp, 1940.
{"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images_en\/thumb\/8\/83\/Cite-a-Song-Step-11-Version-4.jpg\/v4-460px-Cite-a-Song-Step-11-Version-4.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/8\/83\/Cite-a-Song-Step-11-Version-4.jpg\/v4-728px-Cite-a-Song-Step-11-Version-4.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}

5
写出页数。 如果有好几页的乐谱，就用连字号分开。
- Berlin, Irving. "White Christmas." White Christmas . New York, NY: Irving Berlin Music Corp, 1940. 3-4.
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6
以乐谱的媒介结尾。 可以是Print（纸质）或Web（网页）的。
- Berlin, Irving. "White Christmas." White Christmas . New York, NY: Irving Berlin Music Corp, 1940. 3-4. Print.
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方法 3

方法 3 的 6:

APA风格引用音乐片段

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{"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images_en\/thumb\/4\/4f\/Cite-a-Song-Step-13-Version-4.jpg\/v4-460px-Cite-a-Song-Step-13-Version-4.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/4\/4f\/Cite-a-Song-Step-13-Version-4.jpg\/v4-728px-Cite-a-Song-Step-13-Version-4.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}

1
写出作曲者的民子。 写出全姓，然后名的大写第一个字母。
- Berlin, I.
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2
加上版权年份。 这是首次写作、发布曲子的年份。要写括号里，然后后面加句点。
- Berlin, I. (1940).
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3
写出歌名、表演者名。 第一个词的字母要大写（除非专有名词在其他地方出现）。写"Recorded by"接表演者名第一个字母和姓，写在方括号里。后面句点结尾。
- Berlin, I. (1940). White Christmas [Recorded by B. Crosby].
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4
列出唱片名、录音媒介。 要用"On"引出唱片名，写成斜体形式，第一个词的字母要大写，除非其他地方有专有名词。媒介可以是 LP、 Audiocassette、 CD、 MP3 ，然后写在括号中，后面用句点结尾。
- Berlin, I. (1940). White Christmas [Recorded by B. Crosby]. On Merry Christmas [LP].
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5
写出出版地点和唱片标签。 地点要包括城市和国家，用冒号分隔出版地点和标签名。
- Berlin, I. (1940). White Christmas [Recorded by B. Crosby]. On Merry Christmas [LP]. New York, NY: Decca.
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6
若知道录音日期，就写出来。 要写括号里。
- Berlin, I. (1940). White Christmas [Recorded by B. Crosby]. On Merry Christmas [LP]. New York, NY: Decca. (1942)
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方法 4

方法 4 的 6:

APA风格引用乐谱

下载PDF文件

{"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images_en\/thumb\/8\/8c\/Cite-a-Song-Step-19-Version-4.jpg\/v4-460px-Cite-a-Song-Step-19-Version-4.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/8\/8c\/Cite-a-Song-Step-19-Version-4.jpg\/v4-728px-Cite-a-Song-Step-19-Version-4.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}

1
写出作曲者名。 先写全姓，然后写名和中名的首字母。
- Berlin, I.
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2
写出原出版年份。 写括号里，用句点结尾。
- Berlin, I. (1940).
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3
写出歌曲标题名。 要斜体写，然后用句点结尾。第一个词第一个字母要大写，其他都要写小写，除非是专有名词。
- Berlin, I. (1940). White Christmas .
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4
以出版地点和出版者作结。 地点要包括城市和国家，地点和出版者名用冒号隔开。用句点结尾。
- Berlin, I. (1940). White Christmas . New York, NY: 1940.
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方法 5

方法 5 的 6:

芝加哥风格引用音乐片段

下载PDF文件

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1
写出作曲者名。 要用姓、名格式，两个都是全名，之后加句点。
- Berlin, Irving.
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2
列出歌曲标题名。 每个词第一个字母都答谢，要用斜体写。然后加个句点。
- Berlin, Irving. White Christmas .
{"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images_en\/thumb\/9\/9b\/Cite-a-Song-Step-25-Version-4.jpg\/v4-460px-Cite-a-Song-Step-25-Version-4.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/9\/9b\/Cite-a-Song-Step-25-Version-4.jpg\/v4-728px-Cite-a-Song-Step-25-Version-4.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}

3
写出表演者名字。 表演者可以是一个乐团或合唱团，或者是独唱，如果是独唱就写出完整的名、姓格式。
- Berlin, Irving. White Christmas . Bing Crosby.
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4
然后写出歌曲版权年份和标签。 先写出版权符号，然后写出年份，然后加上"by"引出唱片标签。
- Berlin, Irving. White Christmas . Bing Crosby. © 1940 by Decca.
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如果不知道，就省略。
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6
用录音媒介作结。 可以是RPM、 LP、 Audiocassette、 CD、 MP3等等。用句点结尾。
- Berlin, Irving. White Christmas . Bing Crosby. © 1940 by Decca. LP.
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方法 6

方法 6 的 6:

芝加哥风格引用乐谱

下载PDF文件

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1
用作曲者名字起头，要用全名，写出姓、名格式，然后用句点。
- Berlin, Irving.
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2
写出曲名。 要斜体，用句点结尾。
- Berlin, Irving. White Christmas .
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3
最后写出出版城市、出版者名、出版年份。 如果该城市不知名，写出国家名。地点后加冒号，然后写出出版者名，加逗号，再加出版年份来结尾。
- Berlin, Irving. White Christmas . New York: Irving Berlin Music Corp, 1940.
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.mwimg a.image{display:none}#header_logo{display:none}#cse-search-box{display:none}#cse-search-box-noscript{display:block !important}#cse-search-box-noscript .cse_q{color:#FFF;background-color:#B3CE9C}.wh_search .cse_q{width:88%}#mw-mf-main-menu-button{display:none;visibility:hidden}.header .search{display:none}#search_footer .cse_sa{background-image:url(/extensions/wikihow/mobile/images/white_mag.png);background-size:22px}.related_box{display:block;background:#EEE;border:5px solid #FFF;vertical-align:bottom;width:127px;background-size:180px;float:left;height:120px;position:relative}.related_box p{line-height:15px !important;font-size:13px;background-color:rgba(67,95,44,.4);color:#FFF;font-weight:bold;padding:8px;margin:0 !important;position:absolute;bottom:0}#noscript_header_logo{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle;background-position:50% 77%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(/extensions/wikihow/mobile/images/wikihow_logo_230.png);background-size:105px;width:auto;height:51px;padding:0 14px}.articleinfo{display:none}#iorg_free_data{z-index:50;width:100%;position:fixed}#ara_recommendations{display:none}

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