如何消除淤青

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共同创作者是 Vlad Gendelman, MD

参考

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淤青也被称为挫伤，是皮下血管破裂造成的。跌倒、碰撞或被球等物体击中，都很容易出现淤青。虽然淤青会慢慢消散，但是你可以做一些事情来加快痊愈过程。

方法 1
方法 1 的 3:

治疗淤青

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    敷冰袋有助于消肿，让淤青好得更快。用毛巾裹着冰袋、一袋冷冻蔬菜或是用封口塑料袋装的碎冰块，放在淤青部位上，每次敷10-20分钟。头2天每天重复数次。 [1]
    • 运动用品店也有卖专为治疗运动损伤而制作的的凝胶冰袋。运动员总是常备几个在手边，方便随时消除淤青。
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    借着重力促使血液回流，防止血液积聚在淤青部位，减轻皮肤变色。将淤青部位抬至高于心脏数厘米的位置。 [2]
    • 举个例子，如果要治疗脚上的淤青，你可以躺在沙发上，在脚下垫几个枕头。
    • 如果要治疗手臂上的淤青，那就把手臂搁在椅子扶手或枕头上，让它处于与心脏持平或略高的位置。
    • 至于躯干上的瘀伤，那就不好办了。先专注冰敷患处吧。
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    加压包扎能减少患处血流，防止血液积聚在淤青部位，也有助于消肿、止痛。不要包得太紧，用弹性绷带缠绕患处就行了。 [3]
    • 只在头1-2天包扎患处。
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    继续锻炼肌肉会增加患处的血流，不利于淤青愈合。停下你正在做的事情，让身体冷却下来，避免进一步受伤，并让淤青有机会愈合。 [4]
    • 在沙发上休息。看电视、玩游戏、看书或做一些不费体力的活动。
    • 早睡。身体需要在睡眠中进行自我修复，累了就早点睡。
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    如果淤青部位非常痛，你可以服用非处方止痛药来缓解疼痛。遵循包装上指示的剂量，不要超量服用。 [5]
    • 不要服用阿司匹林或布洛芬。它们是血液稀释剂，可能会使淤青恶化。 [6]
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    头24小时后，进行湿热敷有助于消除淤青。湿热敷比干热敷好，所以最好使用可以重复使用的热敷袋或温热的湿毛巾，而不是电热毯。 [7]
    • 1-2天里断断续续地热敷数次，每次2分钟。
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    有些食物和补充剂会延迟淤青愈合，包括圣约翰草、欧米茄-3脂肪酸、维生素E、银杏、人参、酒精和大蒜。养伤期间，不要吃这些食物。 [8]
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方法 2
方法 2 的 3:

家庭疗法

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    不要直接按摩患处。淤青实际上比肉眼可见的还要大，所以最好从淤青边缘1-2厘米外的位置开始按摩。直接按摩淤青会引起疼痛，并加重伤势。 [9]
    • 从淤青出现那一天开始每天按摩数次，促进身体正常的淋巴功能，帮助消除淤青。
    • 按摩的力道不应该让你感觉疼痛。如果患处摸起来实在太痛，那就先不要按摩。
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    红血球破裂后产生血红蛋白，之后被转化成胆红素，使淤青呈现黄色。紫外线能分解胆红素，尽量让患处晒到太阳，加快剩余胆红素的异构化。 [10]
    • 每天晒10-15分钟太阳应该足以消除淤青，而不会引起晒伤。外出晒太阳时之前，先给身体其它外露的皮肤涂抹防晒霜。
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    维生素C增加血管周围的胶原蛋白，有助于消除淤青。吃橙、深绿叶蔬菜等食物，确保自己从饮食中获取维生素C。 [11]
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    山金车长久以来一直被用于治疗淤青。它含有一种可以消炎和消肿的化合物。在药房购买含有山金车的软膏，每天在患处涂抹1-2次。 [12]
    • 不要在切口或开放性伤口抹药。
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    菠萝 和木瓜含有一种名为菠萝蛋白酶的消化酶，可以分解导致受损组织水肿的蛋白质。每天吃一次菠萝或木瓜，加快愈合过程。 [13]
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    维生素K促进血液凝固，起到止血作用。你可以在药房买到维生素K乳霜，根据包装上的指示用药，帮助消除淤青。 [14]
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方法 3
方法 3 的 3:

医学治疗

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    如果患处有压迫感、严重疼痛、一触即痛、肌肉紧张、刺痛、灼痛、虚弱无力或麻木，可能是引发了筋膜间隙综合征。拨打急救电话，这样你可以马上被送到医院。 [15]
    • 当筋膜室内肿胀和（或）出血，就会引发筋膜间隙综合征。筋膜室内的压力增高，流到患处的血液减少，神经和肌肉会因为缺血而受损。
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    如果淤青上面有肿块形成，有可能是血肿。尽快就医治疗，将积聚的血液引流出来。 [16]
    • 当大量血液积聚在皮下，引起肿胀，就会形成血肿。 [17]
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    如果皮肤破损，淤青部位发红、发热或流脓，有可能是受到感染。发烧也是感染的症状之一。出现上述症状时，一定要尽快去看医生。 [18]
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警告

  • 不要擅自服用新的药物或停止使用现有的药物，一定要先咨询医生。
  • 身体突然出现莫名其妙的淤青时，应该就医治疗。
  • 尝试上述任何方法之前，确保它们不会引起过敏。
  • 所有家庭疗法都没有经过医学测试，可能有未知的风险。 [19]
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参考

  1. ↑ https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-bruise/basics/art-20056663
  2. ↑ https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-bruise/basics/art-20056663
  3. ↑ http://www.naturallivingideas.com/get-rid-of-bruises/
  4. ↑ https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-bruise/basics/art-20056663
  5. ↑ https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-bruise/basics/art-20056663
  6. ↑ https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/healthy-aging/in-depth/easy-bruising/art-20045762
  7. ↑ https://www.glamour.com/story/do-you-bruise-easily-heres-how
  8. ↑ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5367875/
  9. ↑ https://www.allaboutvision.com/conditions/black-eye.htm
  1. ↑ http://www.naturallivingideas.com/get-rid-of-bruises/
  2. ↑ https://www.glamour.com/story/do-you-bruise-easily-heres-how
  3. ↑ https://www.glamour.com/story/do-you-bruise-easily-heres-how
  4. ↑ https://www.self.com/story/get-rid-of-bruise-faster
  5. ↑ https://www.self.com/story/get-rid-of-bruise-faster
  6. ↑ https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/compartment-syndrome/
  7. ↑ https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-bruise/basics/art-20056663
  8. ↑ https://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=3682
  9. ↑ https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/cuts.html
  10. ↑ http://www.scidev.net/en/news/who-issues-traditional-medicine-guidelines.html

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