How to Apply Shoulder Injury Compression Wraps

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Compression wraps are recommended for non-serious shoulder injuries. Wrapping the shoulder in a compression bandage may help it heal by promoting blood flow, which allows nutrients vital to recovery to access damaged tissues effectively, and maintains cell health during regeneration. Compression wraps also help prevent further injury by immobilizing the shoulder. To wrap your shoulder, simply wrap your compression bandage backward around your shoulder twice and loop it down around your back and up over your chest. Then, wrap the end around your bicep several times to stabilize the wrap.

How to Wrap a Shoulder

  1. Place the end of the bandage on top of the injured shoulder.
  2. Wrap the bandage backward under the armpit twice.
  3. Loop the wrap down over your back and then up over your chest.
  4. Wrap the bandage around your bicep several times to secure it.
  5. Pin the bandage in place.

For popular FAQs on applying shoulder injury compression wraps, jump to more common questions .

Method 1
Method 1 of 3:

Applying a Shoulder Compression Wrap

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  1. Tightly wrapped bandages can reduce swelling and increase circulation, but can also risk worsening an injury that should not be compressed. Shoulder injuries that typically benefit from this treatment are those caused by repetitive stress such as weight lifting, golf swings, or volleyball serves, or mild injuries experienced while playing sports or falling.
    • If you’re unsure whether a different form of treatment may be more appropriate, see the “Knowing When to Get Professional Attention” section of this article.
    • It can be difficult to wrap a shoulder because it's not good to put a lot of pressure on the armpit area. You might consider another treatment like icing the area, instead. [1]
    • Do not use a compression wrap on an injured person to try to stabilize the shoulder during transportation to the hospital.
    • If new pain or tingling occurs during the wrapping process, remove the wrap immediately and see a healthcare professional.
    • Use caution when applying compression to areas where there is severe peripheral artery disease or a severe infection. Also be aware of any allergies to certain materials, such as latex.
  2. You’ll need a roll of compression bandage, bandage clips or pins, and a cloth long enough to serve as a sling.
    • Wash your hands with an antibacterial soap and clean water before touching the injury or any of the medical supplies.
    • Alternatively, you can purchase premade shoulder compression wraps. [2] Many of these include built-in pockets for heating or icing implements. [3] Try on a few to ensure you find one that comfortably fits.
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  3. Position the end of the compression bandage on top of the injured shoulder, wrapping backwards around the armpit twice. Unroll the bandage as needed, making sure to keep the end of the bandage in place on their shoulder blade.
    • As you complete the second wrap go down and across the back, beneath the other arm, and around the chest.
    • Make sure the bandage is snug but not so tight that the person cannot breathe.
  4. Wrap around the shoulder through the armpit again, and continue wrapping onto the bicep for added support. Ensure the wrap is snug enough to provide sufficient compression to stimulate the flow of blood to the area. [4]
  5. Finish wrapping the bandage by pinning the wrap in place where the pins will be safe and secure. At this point, you also need to ensure you have not compressed the muscle tissue too much, as this may detrimentally reduce blood flow (the opposite of what you hope the wrap will achieve). [5]
    • Any numbness indicates that you’ve the wrapped the shoulder too tightly and need to re-wrap the shoulder a bit more loosely.
    • To ensure the compression bandage is not too tight, check the circulation of the affected arm by pinching a fingertip (including the nail in the pinch) for about two seconds. After about two more seconds, the nail of the pinched finger should return to its normal pinkish color.
    • If it takes more than two seconds for the pinched nail to turn back, the blood flow may be ineffective because of a tight compression bandage. Remove and reapply the compression bandage until it is snug but not too tight.
    • If there is any pain, it should start to go down after you apply the bandage. If there is an increase in pain, then redo the wrapping.
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Method 2
Method 2 of 3:

Stabilizing the Shoulder and Reducing Swelling

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  1. Using a sling reduces movement of the arm and the injured shoulder while it heals.
    • Aside from purchasing an appropriately-sized sling, you can also make one with a meter-length cloth. Fold the cloth diagonally, arranging it into an elongated triangle that can be wrapped beneath the forearm of the injured arm and secured around the opposite shoulder.
    • Secure the injured arm at a comfortable angle across the person’s chest (roughly horizontal), with the sling’s strap over the opposite shoulder.
    • Perform this maneuver as gently as possible to avoid straining the injured arm.
  2. [6] It is important to make sure that the sling feels comfortable, so you may need to make some adjustments. The entire forearm up to the hand should be supported by the sling. The sling should not be too tight or placed too high up either. If the sling is too high, then you may experience discomfort and tension in your shoulder.
  3. The cold temperature will actually reduce blood flow to the injured shoulder, which can help reduce any pain and swelling following an injury. Icing with compression is more effective in reducing tissue temperature than icing alone. [7]
    • Wrap the ice pack in a towel or other cloth before wrapping it to your shoulder as directed previously, though with slightly less compression.
    • Apply the cold pack for no more than 20 minutes. For the best results, remove the cold pack after 20 minutes, let the injured area rest for 20 minutes and then reapply the cold pack for another 20 minutes.
    • If the injured shoulder becomes numb at any point, remove the cold pack and repeat the compression wrap process before re-applying the cold compress.
    • Do not apply ice directly to the surface of the skin. This can lead to an increased risk of frostbite. Always wrap the ice pack in a towel first.
  4. A hot compress will stimulate blood flow to the injured shoulder, which is vital to the recovery process. This will also relax the muscles and reduce any muscle pain. A hot compress can also improve the flexibility of the tendons and ligaments in the injured shoulder. [8]
    • Do not use a hot compress if the injured shoulder is swollen. It may cause more swelling.
    • Hot compresses are available in multiple forms. Some create warmth via electric power, while others need to be microwaved or simply shaken.
    • A rubber hot water bottle is best. Whatever you use, be careful that it does not become dangerously hot.
    • As with a cold press, wrap or hold the hot compress in some sort of cloth before bandaging it to the shoulder as previously directed, though again, with less compression than you had used without an icing or heating element.
    • Only apply a hot compress to the injured area for 20 minutes at a time.
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Method 3
Method 3 of 3:

Knowing When to Get Professional Attention

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  1. These symptoms may indicate a serious injury that cannot be wrapped at home and must be looked at by a doctor, who may suggest other treatment options, such as surgery.
    • Bluish discoloration, numbness, tingling, prickling, stinging or any odd sensations felt in the injured shoulder likely indicate insufficient blood and oxygen supply to the area. [9] See a doctor if you experience any of these sensations.
  2. An open wound indicates significant force placed on the shoulder during a fall or accident, and you may not have recognized the internal damage to your shoulder. [10]
    • The skin may even have been punctured by a broken bone, which definitely necessitates professional medical attention.
  3. An orthopedic specialist can help identify the type and severity of your injury. They will also be able to provide you the best advice in terms of treatment options, including specific ways to wrap and compress a shoulder. [11]
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Common Questions: Dislocated Shoulders

Does compression help shoulder pain?

Yes, compression can alleviate shoulder pain and inflammation from injury or surgery. In fact, compression alone can reduce pain faster than an ice pack or cold pack. [12]

Do you wrap a dislocated shoulder?

Wear a sling to support the dislocated shoulder rather than wrapping it. Ice the shoulder right after the injury and do not move it until you see a doctor. Adjust the sling so your arm rests comfortably against your body. You can move your elbow and wrist while in the sling. [13]

What is the fastest way to heal a dislocated shoulder?

The healing time for a dislocated shoulder depends on the severity of the injury. To heal as fast as possible, wear your sling for the prescribed amount of time (typically 6 weeks) and do not return to strenuous activities until cleared by your doctor. [14]

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Warnings

  • Again, do not wrap, ice, or heat an injury with open wounds or stitches.
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  • Applying heat to an injured shoulder is not recommended for those suffering from poor circulation and diabetes.
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Things You'll Need

  • A compression bandage or shoulder compression strap.
  • Bandage clips or pins.
  • A sling or cloth large enough to fasten a sling.
  • Ice or ice pack.
  • A safe heating element, such as a hot water bottle.

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References

  1. ↑ Jonathan Frank, MD. Sports Orthopedic Surgeon & Joint Preservation Specialist. Expert Interview. 1 October 2020.
  2. ↑ https://www.mcdavidusa.com/shoulder-wrap
  3. ↑ https://www.polarproducts.com/polarshop/pc/Shoulder-Compression-Therapy-Wraps-c580.htm
  4. ↑ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20924348
  5. ↑ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1192660
  6. ↑ https://www.iskinstitute.com/kc/shoulder/shoulder_dislocation/t1.html
  7. ↑ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1317720/
  8. ↑ https://www.marshfieldclinic.org/sports-wrap/ice-or-heat
  9. ↑ https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/circulationaha.107.763730
  1. ↑ https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/circulationaha.107.763730
  2. ↑ https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=a00065
  3. ↑ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25677503/
  4. ↑ https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/selfcare-instructions/dislocated-shoulder-aftercare
  5. ↑ https://www.mayoclinichealthsystem.org/hometown-health/speaking-of-health/helping-athletes-with-dislocated-shoulder

About This Article

Article Summary X

To apply shoulder injury compression wraps, start by placing the end of the bandage on top of the injured shoulder. Then, wrap it backwards around the arm twice. Next, wrap the bandage around the shoulder again before wrapping it around the bicep and pinning it in place. If your shoulder feels numb, re-wrap the bandage, since numbness is a sign that it’s too tight. Additionally, remove the wrap immediately if you experience extra pain while applying it, which may indicate your injury is not appropriate for a compression wrap. For tips from our Medical co-author on how to put your arm in a sling after wrapping your shoulder, keep reading!

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  • Anonymous

    May 8, 2017

    "Thanks for letting me know how to wrap it and when I should see a doctor."
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