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The Babinski reflex is one of the common reflexes that newborn babies have. [1]
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Research source
The reflex makes the baby's big toe curl upward when you apply pressure to their foot. It usually disappears by age 2, so checking for it is a good way to track a baby’s development. The Babinski test is also useful to check adults for nerve or neurological disorders, since the reflex can return in these cases. [2]
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Expert Source
Mohammad Dar, MD
Board Certified Internist & Health Policy Director
Expert Interview. 28 September 2021.
Luckily, this is a very easy test to do. All you need is a pen or similar blunt object, and you’re all set to get started.
Steps
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Stretch your foot out and relax. Detecting this reflex is easiest when your muscles are relaxed. Sit on a couch or the floor, take off your shoes and socks, and outstretch your legs. Relax your legs and feet. [3] X Trustworthy Source PubMed Central Journal archive from the U.S. National Institutes of Health Go to source
- If you’re doing the test on someone else, have them stretch out and relax their feet.
- You could also test yourself for the reflex by resting your foot on your knee, but you won’t be able to relax your foot as well. It’s much easier to either test someone else or have another person test you.
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Press a blunt object above the heel near the outside of the foot. Any smooth, blunt objects can work for this. Doctors usually use a reflex hammer or tongue depressor, but you can use a pen or anything else you have handy. Firmly press the object into the foot along the outside edge of the foot, just above the heel. [4] X Research source
- It’s okay if this is a little uncomfortable, but it shouldn’t hurt. You might be pressing too hard if it’s painful.
- Make sure whatever you use isn’t sharp or jagged in any way.
- If the object hurts at all, then stop right away. Get something else that feels better.
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Slide the object up the foot to the toe joints. Maintaining the pressure, slide the object up along the outside edge of the foot. [5] X Expert Source Mohammad Dar, MD
Board Certified Internist & Health Policy Director Expert Interview. 28 September 2021. Continue moving up until you hit the meaty area below the toes, right where the toe joints start. [6] X Research source- If you need more stability, hold the top of the foot with your other hand.
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Sweep the object across the foot underneath the toe joints. Keep the object moving and curve towards the inside of the foot, towards the big toe. Slide the object beneath the toe joints until you reach the other side of the foot. [7] X Research source
- Make this a smooth, single motion. Don’t stop moving the object.
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Look for the big toe to curl upward for a positive result. In a positive Babinski test, the big toe will curl up towards the top of the foot. [8] X Expert Source Mohammad Dar, MD
Board Certified Internist & Health Policy Director Expert Interview. 28 September 2021. The other toes may curl up as well. This indicates that you have the Babinski reflex. [9] X Trustworthy Source PubMed Central Journal archive from the U.S. National Institutes of Health Go to source- Pay close attention to how the big toe curls specifically—don't confuse the movement of the foot with the toe's movement. Someone moving their foot back can make it seem like their big toe is curling upward, but that larger movement is distracting from what the toe itself is doing. [10]
X
Expert Source
Mohammad Dar, MD
Board Certified Internist & Health Policy Director Expert Interview. 28 September 2021.
- Pay close attention to how the big toe curls specifically—don't confuse the movement of the foot with the toe's movement. Someone moving their foot back can make it seem like their big toe is curling upward, but that larger movement is distracting from what the toe itself is doing. [10]
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Expert Source
Mohammad Dar, MD
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Notice if the toes curl downward for a negative result. If you don’t have the Babinksi reflex, then the toes will curl down instead of up. If you see this result, then the Babinski test is negative. [11] X Trustworthy Source PubMed Central Journal archive from the U.S. National Institutes of Health Go to source
- You might also see no reaction. This is normal and considered a neutral result.
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Don’t worry if a baby younger than 2 has the reflex. It’s completely normal for babies to have a positive Babinski test because their nerves aren’t fully formed yet. [12] X Expert Source Mohammad Dar, MD
Board Certified Internist & Health Policy Director Expert Interview. 28 September 2021. If you test a baby younger than 2 and they have the reflex, then everything is normal and you have nothing to worry about. [13] X Trustworthy Source MedlinePlus Collection of medical information sourced from the US National Library of Medicine Go to source- Some babies lose the reflex as early as 12 months, so don’t worry if your baby doesn’t have the reflex.
- Not having the reflex isn’t usually considered a problem, but if you can’t find the Babinski sign on a baby younger than 12 months, talk to your pediatrician just to check if that’s okay.
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Call your pediatrician if a child older than 2 has the reflex. When a child develops normally, the Babinski sign disappears by age 2. If your child is older than 2 and you detect the reflex, then this could be a sign of trouble. Call your pediatrician and bring your child in for an exam. [14] X Trustworthy Source MedlinePlus Collection of medical information sourced from the US National Library of Medicine Go to source
- The main cause for a Babinski reflex in older children is some type of nervous system disorder, but don’t worry yet. Your doctor needs to examine your baby to determine if there is anything wrong first. [15]
X
Expert Source
Mohammad Dar, MD
Board Certified Internist & Health Policy Director Expert Interview. 28 September 2021.
- The main cause for a Babinski reflex in older children is some type of nervous system disorder, but don’t worry yet. Your doctor needs to examine your baby to determine if there is anything wrong first. [15]
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Expert Source
Mohammad Dar, MD
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See your doctor if you’re an adult with a positive reflex. The Babinski reflex shouldn’t return at any point in your life, so something may be wrong if it does. If you test yourself or another adult and get a positive result, see your doctor for an exam. [16] X Trustworthy Source MedlinePlus Collection of medical information sourced from the US National Library of Medicine Go to source
- Neurological disorders like multiple sclerosis, lateral sclerosis, meningitis, or a brain tumor could cause a positive Babinski test. Don’t jump to conclusions though—always see your doctor if you think there's a problem.
- You could also have a positive Babinski test after an injury to your back or head. This could be a sign of nerve damage.
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Remember that no reflex is a normal result. It’s possible that you’ll test yourself or someone else and not find any reflex. This is considered a neutral response, so nothing is wrong if nothing happens when you do the test. [17] X Trustworthy Source PubMed Central Journal archive from the U.S. National Institutes of Health Go to source
- If you were trying to test yourself, it’s possible you weren’t relaxing your foot enough. Try having someone else do the test and relaxing your leg as much as possible.
- Remember—a positive Babinski result at home by itself without any other neurologic symptoms such as weakness, numbness/tingling, or loss of sensation does not necessarily mean that there's a worse underlying diagnosis. It's always best to be assessed by a medical professional, as it's easy to jump to conclusions with an at-home test. [18]
X
Expert Source
Mohammad Dar, MD
Board Certified Internist & Health Policy Director Expert Interview. 28 September 2021.
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Expert Q&A
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QuestionWhy does the Babinski reflex differ in adults and infants?Dr. Mohammad Dar (MoDar) is a board certified Internist based in Boston, Massachusetts. With over seven years of experience in the medical field, he is skilled in epidemiology, healthcare, and health policy. Dr. Dar has had a myriad of experiences in healthcare, including working on the implementation of the Affordable Care Act at the White House Office of Health Reform, volunteering in rural Uganda with public health initiatives, and leading policy and on-the-ground COVID-19 operations during the pandemic. He has also worked on a number of innovative public health and insurance reform initiatives in Massachusetts. Dr. Dar received a BS in Cell and Molecular Biology and History from The University of Michigan and an MD from The University of Michigan Medical School. He completed his residency training at Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, from which he received the Golden Stethoscope Award.Babies don't have fully-developed nerves in their first year of life, so their toes extend instead of curling in, like an adult's would. As the nerves develop more, the normal response becomes to flex the toes—this stays the same through toddler years, childhood, and adulthood.
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QuestionWhat is a normal Babinski in adults?Dr. Mohammad Dar (MoDar) is a board certified Internist based in Boston, Massachusetts. With over seven years of experience in the medical field, he is skilled in epidemiology, healthcare, and health policy. Dr. Dar has had a myriad of experiences in healthcare, including working on the implementation of the Affordable Care Act at the White House Office of Health Reform, volunteering in rural Uganda with public health initiatives, and leading policy and on-the-ground COVID-19 operations during the pandemic. He has also worked on a number of innovative public health and insurance reform initiatives in Massachusetts. Dr. Dar received a BS in Cell and Molecular Biology and History from The University of Michigan and an MD from The University of Michigan Medical School. He completed his residency training at Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, from which he received the Golden Stethoscope Award.Adults should flex/curl their toes inward after receiving a Babinski reflex test. If an adult already has abnormal nerve/neurological signs, like weakness in a limb, poor coordination, or loss of sensation in a body part, an extending Babinski reflex could be a sign of a neurological problem.
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Tips
- You need to use a bit of pressure to get the reflex rather than just brushing the skin. Doctors usually advise patients to be prepared for some discomfort during the test. [19] X Trustworthy Source PubMed Central Journal archive from the U.S. National Institutes of Health Go to sourceThanks
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Warnings
- Don’t use the Babinski test to diagnose yourself or someone else with anything. If you think there’s a problem, see your doctor.Thanks
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References
- ↑ https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/newborn-reflexes
- ↑ Mohammad Dar, MD. Board Certified Internist & Health Policy Director. Expert Interview. 28 September 2021.
- ↑ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519009/
- ↑ https://youtu.be/iV_a2WSbdM8?t=33
- ↑ Mohammad Dar, MD. Board Certified Internist & Health Policy Director. Expert Interview. 28 September 2021.
- ↑ https://youtu.be/iV_a2WSbdM8?t=35
- ↑ https://youtu.be/iV_a2WSbdM8?t=36
- ↑ Mohammad Dar, MD. Board Certified Internist & Health Policy Director. Expert Interview. 28 September 2021.
- ↑ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519009/
- ↑ Mohammad Dar, MD. Board Certified Internist & Health Policy Director. Expert Interview. 28 September 2021.
- ↑ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519009/
- ↑ Mohammad Dar, MD. Board Certified Internist & Health Policy Director. Expert Interview. 28 September 2021.
- ↑ https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003294.htm
- ↑ https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003294.htm
- ↑ Mohammad Dar, MD. Board Certified Internist & Health Policy Director. Expert Interview. 28 September 2021.
- ↑ https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003294.htm
- ↑ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519009/
- ↑ Mohammad Dar, MD. Board Certified Internist & Health Policy Director. Expert Interview. 28 September 2021.
- ↑ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519009/
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