How to Divide Logarithms

Reviewed by Grace Imson, MA

Last Updated: October 5, 2024 Fact Checked

Logarithms may look difficult to use, but just like exponents or polynomials, you just need to learn the correct techniques. You only need to know a couple basic properties to divide two logarithms of the same base, or to expand a logarithm that contains a quotient.

Method 1

Method 1 of 2:

Dividing Logarithms by Hand

Download Article

1
Check for negative numbers and ones. This method covers problems in the form ${\frac {\log _{{b}}(x)}{\log _{{b}}(a)}}$ . However, it does not work for a few special cases: ^{[1]
X
Research source}
- The log of a negative number is undefined for all bases (such as $\log(-3)$ or $\log _{{4}}(-5)$ ). Write "no solution."
- The log of zero is also undefined for all bases. If you see a term such as $\ln(0)$ , write "no solution."
- The log of one in any base ( $\log(1)$ ) always equals zero, since $x^{{0}}=1$ for all values of x . Replace that logarithm with 1 instead of using the method below.
- If the two logarithms have different bases, such as ${\frac {log_{{3}}(x)}{log_{{4}}(a)}}$ , and you cannot simplify either one into an integer, the problem is not feasible to solve by hand.
2
Convert the expression into one logarithm. Assuming you did not find any of the exceptions above, you can now simplify the problem into one logarithm. To do this, use the formula ${\frac {\log _{{b}}(x)}{\log _{{b}}(a)}}=\log _{{a}}(x)$ . ^{[2]
X
Research source}
- Example 1: Solve the problem ${\frac {\log {16}}{\log {2}}}$ .
  Start by converting this into one logarithm using the formula above: ${\frac {\log {16}}{\log {2}}}=\log _{{2}}(16)$ .
- This formula is the "change of base" formula, derived from basic logarithmic properties.
Advertisement
3
Calculate by hand if possible. Remember, to solve $\log _{{a}}(x)$ , think " $a^{{?}}=x$ " or "What exponent can I raise a by to get x ?" It's not always feasible to solve this without a calculator, but if you're lucky, you'll end up with an easily simplified logarithm. ^{[3]
X
Research source}
- Example 1 (cont.): Rewrite $\log _{{2}}(16)$ as $2^{{?}}=16$ . The value of "?" is the answer to the problem. You may need to find it by trial and error:
  $2^{{2}}=2*2=4$
  $2^{{3}}=4*2=8$
  $2^{{4}}=8*2=16$
  16 is what you were looking for, so $\log _{{2}}(16)$ = 4 .
4
Leave the answer in logarithm form if you cannot simplify it. Some logarithms are very difficult to solve by hand. You'll need a calculator if you need the answer for a practical purpose. If you're solving problems in math class, your teacher most likely expects you to leave the answer as a logarithm. Here's another example using this method on a more difficult problem: ^{[4]
X
Research source}
- Example 2: What is ${\frac {\log _{{3}}(58)}{\log _{{3}}(7)}}$ ?
- Convert this into one logarithm: ${\frac {\log _{{3}}(58)}{\log _{{3}}(7)}}=\log _{{7}}(58)$ . (Notice that the ₃ in each initial log disappears; this is true for any base.)
- Rewrite as $7^{{?}}=58$ and test possible values of ?:
  $7^{{2}}=7*7=49$
  $7^{{3}}=49*7=343$
  Since 58 falls between these two numbers, $\log _{{7}}(58)$ has no integer answer.
- Leave your answer as $\log _{{7}}(58)$ .

Method 2

Method 2 of 2:

Working with the Log of a Quotient

Download Article

1
Start with a division problem inside a logarithm. This section helps you solve problems that include expressions in the form $\log _{{a}}({\frac {x}{y}})$ . ^{[5]
X
Research source}
- For example, start with this problem:
  "Solve for n if $\log _{{3}}({\frac {27}{6n}})=-6-\log _{{3}}(6)$ ."
2
Check for negative numbers. The logarithm of a negative number is undefined. If x or y are a negative numbers, confirm that the problem has a solution before you continue: ^{[6]
X
Research source}
- If either x or y is negative, there is no solution to the problem.
- If both x and y are negative, remove the negative signs using the property ${\frac {-x}{-y}}={\frac {x}{y}}$
- There are no logarithms of negative numbers in the example problem, so you can continue to the next step.
3
Expand the quotient into two logarithms. One useful property of logarithms is described by the formula $\log _{{a}}({\frac {x}{y}})=\log _{{a}}(x)-\log _{{a}}(y)$ . In other words, the log of a quotient is always equal to the log of the numerator minus the log of the denominator. ^{[7]
X
Research source}
- Use this to expand the left side of the example problem:
  $\log _{{3}}({\frac {27}{6n}})=\log _{{3}}(27)-\log _{{3}}(6n)$
- Substitute this back into the original equation:
  $\log _{{3}}({\frac {27}{6n}})=-6-\log _{{3}}(6)$
  →
  $\log _{{3}}(27)-\log _{{3}}(6n)=-6-\log _{{3}}(6)$
4
Simplify the logarithms if possible. If any of the new logarithms in the expression have an integer answer, simplify them now. ^{[8]
X
Research source}
- The example problem has a new term: $\log _{{3}}(27)$ . Since 3 ³ = 27, simplify $\log _{{3}}(27)$ to 3 .
- The full equation is now:
  $3-\log _{{3}}(6n)=-6-\log _{{3}}(6)$
5
Isolate the variable. Just like any algebra problem, it helps to isolate the term with the variable on one side of the equation. Combine like terms whenever possible to simplify the equation. ^{[9]
X
Research source}
- $3-\log _{{3}}(6n)=-6-\log _{{3}}(6)$
  $9-\log _{{3}}(6n)=-\log _{{3}}(6)$
  $\log _{{3}}(6n)=9+\log _{{3}}(6)$ .
6
Use additional properties of logarithms when necessary. To isolate the variable from other terms inside the same logarithm, rewrite the term using other logarithm properties . ^{[10]
X
Research source}
- In the example problem, the n is still trapped inside the term $\log _{{3}}(6n)$ .
  In order to isolate the n , use the product property of logarithms: $\log _{{a}}(bc)=\log _{{a}}(b)+\log {a}(c)$
  $\log _{{3}}(6n)=\log _{{3}}(6)+\log _{{3}}(n)$
- Substitute this back into the full equation:
  $\log _{{3}}(6n)=9+\log _{{3}}(6)$
  $\log _{{3}}(6)+\log _{{3}}(n)=9+\log _{{3}}(6)$
7
Continue simplifying until you find the solution. Repeat the same algebra and logarithmic techniques to solve the problem. If there is no integer solution, use a calculator and round to the nearest significant figure . ^{[11]
X
Research source}
- $\log _{{3}}(6)+\log _{{3}}(n)=9+\log _{{3}}(6)$
  $\log _{{3}}(n)=9$
  Since 3 ⁹ = 19683, n =19683

Community Q&A

Search

Add New Question

Question

How would a number like -4.2256/-3 be divided?

Community Answer

The negative signs will cancel each other, so you will be left with 4.2256 / 3. Then just divide as usual.

Thanks! We're glad this was helpful.
Thank you for your feedback.
If wikiHow has helped you, please consider a small contribution to support us in helping more readers like you. We’re committed to providing the world with free how-to resources, and even $1 helps us in our mission. Support wikiHow
Yes No

Not Helpful 9 Helpful 8
Question

What is the square root of 2500?

Danoyachtcapt

Top Answerer

This article will help you use your brain to figure it out: How to Multiply Square Roots .

Thanks! We're glad this was helpful.
Thank you for your feedback.
If wikiHow has helped you, please consider a small contribution to support us in helping more readers like you. We’re committed to providing the world with free how-to resources, and even $1 helps us in our mission. Support wikiHow
Yes No

Not Helpful 6 Helpful 14
Question

log √2/log 9, how can such be solved?

Donagan

Top Answerer

The log of √2 (the log of 1.414) is 0.150. The log of 9 is 0.954. 0.150 / 0.954 = 0.157.

Thanks! We're glad this was helpful.
Thank you for your feedback.
If wikiHow has helped you, please consider a small contribution to support us in helping more readers like you. We’re committed to providing the world with free how-to resources, and even $1 helps us in our mission. Support wikiHow
Yes No

Not Helpful 1 Helpful 0

See more answers

Ask a Question

200 characters left

Include your email address to get a message when this question is answered.

Submit

Video

Tips

Submit a Tip

All tip submissions are carefully reviewed before being published

Name

Please provide your name and last initial

Submit

Thanks for submitting a tip for review!

You Might Also Like

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

Log in

How to Divide Logarithms

Steps

Dividing Logarithms by Hand

Working with the Log of a Quotient

Community Q&A

Video

Tips

You Might Also Like

References

About This Article

Reader Success Stories

Did this article help you?

Quizzes

You Might Also Like

Featured Articles

Trending Articles

Featured Articles

Featured Articles

Watch Articles

Trending Articles

Quizzes

Explore Categories