How to Identify an Antique Doll (With Pictures)

PDF download Download Article
Use this guide to decode the clues hidden inside antique dolls
PDF download Download Article

Collecting antique dolls is a popular hobby that can be both enjoyable and used as an investment for the collector. Checking the manufacturer's mark is the best way to identify the type and era of an antique doll. However, you can also identify if they are antique through the materials they’re made from. If you are in doubt regarding the identification of your doll, contact a professional doll appraiser for an accurate opinion.

Things You Should Know

  • Check for the maker’s mark on your doll’s neck, back of the head, lower or mid back, or foot. It could also be sewn into your doll’s clothing.
  • Search the letters, numbers, and symbols on the mark to determine what kind of doll you have.
  • If it’s unmarked, study the features of your doll and search them to try and find a match, or go to a doll appraiser.
Method 1
Method 1 of 3:

Checking the Manufacturer's Mark

PDF download Download Article
  1. The manufacturer’s mark is often on the back of the head, under the doll’s hair if it has a wig. It could also be on the doll’s back, under its arms, on the soles of its feet, or sewn onto its body or clothing. [1]
    • Maker’s marks tell you the brand name and size of the doll, and those imported to America after 1890 have the country of origin as well, due to the McKinley tariff. [2]
    • Some dolls were sold with a wrist tag instead of a maker's mark, and handmade dolls don’t have maker’s marks. If you can’t find one, take the doll to an appraiser or check its materials.
  2. Look up the information from the mark online or go to a site like dollreference.com to find your doll. [3] You can also find reference books at your local library.
    3. Advertisement
Method 2
Method 2 of 3:

Using Materials to Identify Dolls

PDF download Download Article
  1. Antique dolls come in a few common styles. The oldest dolls are china and have glazed (shiny) hands, feet, and headpieces. Bisque dolls are made from unglazed (matte) porcelain, which gives them a more skin-like texture. [4]
    • To check if your doll is porcelain , hold the head of the doll to your teeth. If it feels hard and cold, it’s china or bisque.
    • Bisque has small pores that collect dust and dirt. Usually the more dirt in the pores, the older the doll is. [5]
    • Parian dolls are untinted bisque and weren’t meant to be played with. You can identify them by their stark white color.
    • Other doll-making materials include composition (sawdust, wood, and glue), cloth, metal, celluloid, leather, and wax.
  2. The head, neck, and shoulders of antique porcelain and bisque dolls are made using 1 mold. The 2 holes show where the head area was attached to the rest of the body. [6]
    • The holes can also be at the base of the neck.
  3. Antique dolls that have bodies made out of leather or cloth are usually stuffed with sawdust or horsehair. They’re stuffed very tightly to support the weight of the head. Don’t damage the doll to check the stuffing, or that will lower the value. [7]
    • Antique dolls are never loosely stuffed, or stuffed with polyester.
    • The oldest dolls are made out of porcelain or wood. The fully porcelain dolls were called “frozen” dolls, and are the most rare. [8]
  4. Antique dolls develop fine lines that look like cracks, called crazes. They’re often across the face of the doll. [9] The highest quality dolls often don’t have crazing, however.
    • For example, a doll with very heavy craze lines on its face is probably very old.
  5. Antique dolls that were made before 1870 had eyes that were painted on. From 1870 to the early 1900s, the dolls had inset glass eyes that didn’t move. From the early 1900s, the eyes of the dolls are large and rounded, with a sideways glance. [10]
    • The painted eyes of dolls made before 1870 are usually light blue, however some are brown or black. [11]
  6. The majority of antique dolls have painted hair, which is black, brown, or blonde. The only exception is for German antique porcelain dolls, which often have wigs that are made out of mohair or human hair. [12]
    • The oldest china dolls usually had black hair that was parted down the middle.
    • Red hair is very uncommon in antique porcelain dolls as it was believed to be unlucky.
    • German porcelain dolls have wigs that are glued onto the head, as opposed to rooted wigs which is common in newer dolls.
    • Mohair is the hair of an Angora goat.
  7. Clothes are an easy way to identify antique dolls, as the older the clothes appear, usually the older the doll itself too. The clothes are often dull, have signs of dust, and may be damaged. [13]
    • Antique dolls will never have modern velcro fastenings.
    • Check the inside of the clothing for any tags that may give you more information about the doll. [14]
  8. If finding or interpreting the manufacturer's label is difficult, contact a doll appraiser for help. These specialists are able to identify the type, era, and value of dolls accurately. [15]
    9. Advertisement
Method 3
Method 3 of 3:

Identifying Common Manufacturers

PDF download Download Article
  1. Armand Marseille’s company began making porcelain dolls in 1884 in Germany. The dolls are often Marked “AM” or with the doll’s name, and the mold number. [16]
    • The most common molds have a porcelain head with shoulders on a cloth or leather body, or a head with a socket (like a Barbie’s) on a jointed composition body.
    • Most of their dolls have glass eyes.
  2. These dolls were made from 1906 to 1939 and usually were modeled after characters or people, like Shirley Temple and Judy Garland. [17] The antique dolls were made out of wood, cloth, and composition.
    • Ideal Novelty & Toy Company dolls can be marked with “IDEAL” inside of a diamond, or they can say “I.N. & T. co.” They may also say “USA” or the name of the artist who designed them. Some dolls are unmarked. [18]
    • Antiques must be at least 100 years old, so not all Ideal Novelty & Toy Company dolls are antique yet.
  3. The Alexander Doll Company was famous for its stylish dolls. Since fashion was the primary focus, only a few doll molds were made, and the maker’s mark was sewn into the clothing. If your doll has its original clothing, check the seams for a tag. [19]
    • Madame Alexander dolls without their original clothing or wrist tags are incredibly difficult to identify.
  4. These cherubic baby dolls are made entirely of bisque, have star-shaped hands, pointy molded hair, and blue-tipped wings on their backs. They may say “O’Neill” or “Rose O’Neill” on the foot. [20]
    • Official antique Kewpie dolls were never made in Japan. If your doll says “Nippon” or “Japan” on it, it’s either a later doll or a knockoff.
  5. There are over a dozen Jumeau Bebe doll maker’s marks , sometimes with images or the word “Jumeau.” Jumeau dolls have large painted glass eyes, pouty lips, and wigs. [21] They had kid (calf leather) and jointed bodies, and were often fashion dolls.
    6. Advertisement

Expert Q&A

Ask a Question
200 characters left
Include your email address to get a message when this question is answered.
Submit
      Advertisement

      Video

      Tips

      • Hard plastic dolls, like Barbies, weren’t mass-produced until the 1940s, so they’re usually not antique. [22]
        Thanks
        Helpful 0 Not Helpful 0
      • If you have a celluloid doll with an American maker’s mark, it’s likely an antique. Celluloid dolls are flammable and were made illegal in America in 1940. [23]
        Thanks
        Helpful 0 Not Helpful 0
      • A doll is most valuable when it’s in mint or near mint condition, which means its packaging is still intact and either undamaged or nearly undamaged.
        Thanks
        Helpful 0 Not Helpful 0
      Show More Tips

      Tips from our Readers

      The advice in this section is based on the lived experiences of wikiHow readers like you. If you have a helpful tip you’d like to share on wikiHow, please submit it in the field below.
      • If a cloth doll has hard to remove clothing, its body will often be white. If its older than 1950 then it may potentially have brown stains.
      • Professionally made antique dolls were processed at very high temperatures in a kiln, and do not develop crazing.
      Submit a Tip
      All tip submissions are carefully reviewed before being published
      Name
      Please provide your name and last initial
      Submit
      Thanks for submitting a tip for review!
      Advertisement

      You Might Also Like

      How to
      Determine the Value of an Antique Trunk
      How to
      Identify Depression Glass
      How to
      Date Old Milk Cans
      How to
      Identify Vaseline Glass
      How to
      Identify Antique Dinnerware
      How to
      Identify Carnival Glass
      How to
      Clean Antique Furniture
      How to
      Tell if a Painting Is Valuable
      How to
      Price Antiques and Collectibles
      How to
      Identify Roseville Pottery Marks & Spot Fake Replicas
      Advertisement

      References

      1. ↑ https://www.dollreference.com/doll-marks/
      2. ↑ https://gotheborg.com/glossary/mckinleytariffact.shtml
      3. ↑ https://www.antiquedolls-collectors-onlineadvisors.com/antique-doll-identities.html
      4. ↑ https://hobbyzeal.com/how-to-identify-antique-porcelain-dolls
      5. ↑ https://www.mearto.com/toys-and-dolls/dolls
      6. ↑ https://thelibrary.org/lochist/periodicals/bittersweet/su78j.htm
      7. ↑ https://www.columbiatribune.com/story/lifestyle/around-town/2012/09/27/condition-features-key-to-doll/21633953007/
      8. ↑ https://quintessentialantiquedolls.wordpress.com/history-of-china-dolls/
      9. ↑ https://hobbyzeal.com/how-to-identify-antique-porcelain-dolls
      1. ↑ https://hobbyzeal.com/how-to-identify-antique-porcelain-dolls
      2. ↑ https://www.dollreference.com/antique-china-head-dolls/
      3. ↑ https://www.dollreference.com/armand-marseille-dolls-german/
      4. ↑ https://hobbyzeal.com/how-to-identify-antique-porcelain-dolls
      5. ↑ https://www.antiquedolls-collectors-onlineadvisors.com/antique-doll-identities.html
      6. ↑ https://hobbyzeal.com/how-to-identify-antique-porcelain-dolls
      7. ↑ https://www.dollreference.com/armand-marseille-dolls-german/
      8. ↑ https://www.dollreference.com/ideal_toy_dolls.html
      9. ↑ https://www.dollreference.com/ideal_toy_dolls.html
      10. ↑ https://www.dollreference.com/alexander_doll.html
      11. ↑ https://www.dollreference.com/kewpie-dolls-by-rose-oneill/
      12. ↑ https://www.dollreference.com/jumeau-bebes-dolls-french/
      13. ↑ https://www.dollreference.com/hard-plastic-dolls-2/
      14. ↑ ​​​​ https://www.dollreference.com/celluloid_dolls1869_1950s.html

      About This Article

      Article Summary X

      Collecting antique dolls can be a fun and profitable hobby, if you know what you’re looking for. Lift up the hair on the back of the doll’s head to look for the manufacturer’s mark. Typically, the mark will tell you where the doll was made, the brand or maker’s name, and the size of the doll. Use this information to look up your doll in reference books and on websites. If you can’t find any information on your doll or have a hard time interpreting the information, contact a doll appraiser for help, who can help you identify the type, era, and value of the doll. To learn how to tell a porcelain from a bisque doll, keep reading!

      Did this summary help you?
      In other languages
      Thanks to all authors for creating a page that has been read 204,000 times.

      Reader Success Stories

      • Lisa

        Jan 6, 2019

        "Thank you for the information. I am just beginning my education on identifying three dolls that are part of an ..." more
      More reader stories Hide reader stories
      Share your story

      Did this article help you?

      Advertisement