51+ Key Islamic Words & Phrases (With Expert Definitions)

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Learn the fundamental concepts of Islam in Arabic and English
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Whether you’re a Muslim revert or just want to learn more about Islam, there are several key phrases you should know. Many of these are used in prayers and daily conversation, so it’s important to know what they mean and how to use them correctly. We interviewed Imams and Islam education experts to teach you all about the most common Muslim phrases and concepts you’ll come across.

Popular Muslim Phrases

  • Alhamdulillah: All praises to God
  • Assalamu Alaikum: Peace be upon you
  • Bismillah: In the name of God
  • Inshallah: God willing
  • Mashallah: God has willed it
Section 1 of 2:

Common Muslim Phrases and Expressions

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  1. Alhamdulillah means “All praises to God,” says Islam education expert and motivational speaker Belal Elkadri. [1] It’s also sometimes translated simply as “Thank God.” This phrase is used to express satisfaction or gratitude to Allah for His blessings. Muslims may use it after receiving good news, during times of difficulty, or as a general expression of appreciation for Allah.
    • In Arabic: ٱلْحَمْدُ لِله
    • Ashokrulillah is used interchangeably with Alhamdulillah, as it means “All thanks to Allah.” [2]

    Meet the wikiHow Experts

    Belal Elkadri is an Islamic education expert and motivational speaker who has worked in the nonprofit space for over 10 years.

    Idris Abdul-Zahir is a spiritual leader, civic innovator, and IT executive who also serves as the Resident Imam and Board Chair of Masjidullah: The Center for Human Excellence.

    Mekaeel Mohsin is an Imam at the Islamic Community of Salinas in Salinas, California, and the founder of the Voyagers of Knowledge YouTube channel.

  2. 2
    Allahu Akbar Allahu Akbar means “God is the greatest” or “God is great.” It’s a common phrase used by Muslims to express their belief in the supremacy of God. It’s often used during prayer, when facing adversity, or to express delight and gratitude. [3]
    • In Arabic: ٱللهُ أَكْبَر
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  3. 3
    Allahumma Barik Allahumma Barik means “Oh, Allah, bless” or “May Allah bless you.” It is a du’a (prayer or supplication) used to invoke Allah’s blessing upon someone or something. It’s also used to express well-wishes, admiration, or gratitude, and is often said to another Muslim as a token of appreciation. [4]
    • In Arabic: اللّهُـمَّ بارِكْ
  4. 4
    Ameen Ameen is an affirmation that means “So be it” or “May it be so.” Like the Christian “amen,” it’s often said at the end of prayers or after reciting the Sura Al-Fatiha in daily prayers. By saying “Ameen,” Muslims acknowledge their belief in God’s truth and express hope that their prayers will be answered. [5]
    • In Arabic: آمِين
  5. 5
    Assalamu Alaikum Assalamu Alaikum is an Arabic greeting that translates to “Peace be upon you,” Imam and Islam expert Idris Abdul-Zahir explains. [6] It’s a common greeting used among Muslims and is used to wish well-being and safety upon the other person.
    • In Arabic: ‏اَلسَلامُ عَلَيْكُم
    • Assalamu alaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh is a more formal greeting in Islam, translating to “Peace be upon you, and the mercy of Allah and His blessings.” It’s often shortened to “Assalamu Alaikum.”
    • Similarly, Muslims say “Peace be upon him” after referring to Muhammad or another prophet. Elkadri explains that “it’s a way that we honor his name.” [7]
  6. 6
    Astaghfirullah Astaghfirullah means “I seek forgiveness from Allah.” Muslims use this phrase to express remorse for their sins and to ask for God’s forgiveness . “If [you do] something wrong, you say ‘Astaghfirullah,’” explains Elkadri. [8] It’s a form of istighfar , which is the act of seeking forgiveness and a common practice in daily life.
    • In Arabic: أَسْتَغْفِرُ الله
  7. 7
    Baraka Allahu fik Baraka Allahu fik translates to “May Allah bless you” or “May Allah bless you abundantly.” The phrase is used to express gratitude and invoke blessings upon another person. It’s often a response to someone thanking you, or used when admiring something that belongs to another person. [9]
    • In Arabic: بارك الله فيك
  8. 8
    Bismillah Bismillah is an expression that means “In the name of God.” Muslims use this expression before starting any action (like eating, drinking, starting a task, etc.) to express their dedication to and reliance on Allah. [10]
    • In Arabic: بِسْمِ الله
    • It’s also the beginning of the longer phrase “ Bismillahir Rahmanir Raheem ,” which translates to “In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.”
  9. 9
    Eid Mubarak “Eid Mubarak” means “Happy Eid.” It’s an Arabic phrase that translates to “blessed feast” or “happy festival,” and is a common greeting used by Muslims to celebrate the two major Islamic festivals : Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha. The phrase expresses joy, goodwill, and blessings to others. [11]
    • In Arabic: عيد مبارك
  10. 10
    Fi Amanillah Fi Amanillah means “May you be in God’s protection” or “May Allah protect you.” It’s commonly used when saying goodbye to someone to wish them safety and well-being. It is a form of du’a (supplication) that expresses hope for divine protection. [12]
    • In Arabic: في أمان الله
  11. 11
    Inshallah Inshallah typically means “God willing,” explains Abdul-Zahir. [13] It means that nothing happens without God’s permission. Muslims often use this phrase when speaking about future plans or events to acknowledge that everything happens according to Allah’s will.
    • In Arabic: إِنْ شَاءَ الله
    • For example, Abdul-Zahir says, “If you listen to Muslims speak, we’ll talk about a bunch of stuff and then say, ‘I’ll see you later. Inshallah,’ or ‘I’ll be there at 5 p.m. Inshallah.’ Anytime you say anything [about what you’re going to do] in the future, you say ‘Inshallah’ at the end.” [14]
  12. 12
    Jazakum Allahu Khayran Jazakum Allahu Khayran means “May Allah reward you with goodness” and is a way to express gratitude in Islam. It’s considered a more formal and comprehensive way to thank someone than a simple “thank you.” [15]
    • In Arabic: جَزَاكُمُ ٱللهُ خَيْرً
  13. 13
    La Hawla wa La Quwwata illa Billah This phrase means “There is no power and no strength except with Allah.” It’s a powerful du’a (supplication) and a form of dhikr (remembrance of Allah). It signifies a Muslim’s submission to God’s will and their recognition of their dependence on Him, and is often said in times of difficulty. [16]
    • In Arabic: لَا حَوْلَ وَلَا قُوَّةَ إِلَّا بِالله
  14. 14
    La ilaha illa Allah (Muhammadur Rasool Allah) Imam Mekaeel Mohsin explains that this phrase translates to “There is no God except Allah and Muhammad is His servant and His messenger.” [17] It is a part of the Shahada, or the fundamental declaration of faith in Islam. It’s often recited to affirm faith and during dhikr, or the remembrance of Allah.
    • In Arabic: لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا ٱلله (مُحَمَّدٌ رَسُولُ ٱلله)
  15. 15
    Mashallah Mashallah translates to “God has willed it” or “What God has willed,” and shows that one recognizes that all blessings come from Allah’s will. It’s often used to express appreciation, admiration, or thanks for something. [18]
    • In Arabic: مَا شَاءَ الله
    • Abdul-Zahir adds that “Mashallah is a Muslim’s way of being humble or having some level of shyness when someone gives them a compliment, or [they] want to give somebody a compliment.” [19]
    • For example, Abdul-Zahir says, “If a person is beautiful, you say, ‘Oh, you’re so beautiful. Mashallah.’ If they’ve got a nice car, you say, ‘Oh, that car is great. Mashallah.” [20]
  16. 16
    Radiyallahu Anhu Radiyallahu Anhu translates to “May Allah be pleased with him.” It is an invocation often used to show respect after mentioning the name of a companion of the Prophet Muhammad. Variations include “Radiyallahu Anha” for female companions and “Radiyallahu Anhum” for multiple companions. [21]
    • In Arabic: رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ
  17. 17
    Ramadan Kareem Ramadan Kareem means “Generous Ramadan” and is used as a greeting during the holy month of Ramadan. Muslims use this phrase to wish others a blessed month of fasting, prayer, and reflection. [22]
    • In Arabic: رمضان كريم
    • Ramadan Mubarak , which means “Blessed Ramadan,” is another common greeting.
  18. 18
    Salla Allahu alayhi wa-sallam Salla Allahu alayhi wa-sallam (often shortened to SAW) means “May Allah honor him and grant him peace.” Muslims use this phrase whenever the Prophet Muhammad is mentioned as a way to show respect. It’s also a form of prayer and supplication used to invoke blessings and peace upon the Prophet. [23]
    • In Arabic: صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ
  19. 19
    Subhan Allah Subhan Allah translates to “Glory be to God” or “How free of any imperfection is Allah.” It’s a declaration of God’s perfection, used to praise Him and to acknowledge His absolute purity and perfection. The phrase is often used in daily prayers and to express amazement and delight at something awe-inspiring (especially in nature). [24]
    • In Arabic: سُبْحَانَ الله
  20. 20
    Subhanahu Wa Ta’ala Subhanahu wa ta’ala means “May He be praised and exalted” or “Glory to Him, the exalted.” Muslims say the phrase after mentioning Allah’s name as a way of glorifying and honoring Him. It emphasizes His transcendence, perfection, and supreme nature. [25]
  21. 21
    Wa ‘alaykumu salam Wa ‘alaykumu salam is an Arabic greeting that means “And upon you be peace.” It’s the standard response to the Islamic greeting “Assalamu Alaikum,” explains Abdul-Zahir, and together, these phrases form a common exchange of greetings among Muslims. [27]
    • In Arabic: وَعَلَيْكُمُ ٱلسَّلَام
  22. 22
    Ya Allah “ Ya Allah ” translates to “Oh, God.” It’s a shorthand expression that is often used when asking God for something. It expresses a variety of emotions, including sincerity, sadness, and surprise. [28]
    • In Arabic: يا الله
  23. 23
    Yarhamuka Allah Yarhamuka Allah means “May Allah have mercy on you,” and is typically said in response to someone who has sneezed and said “Alhamdulillah.” This phrase is a part of Islamic etiquette and is considered a form of supplication for the person who sneezed. [29]
    • In Arabic: يَرْحَمُكَ اللَّهُ
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Section 2 of 2:

Key Terms and Ideas in Islam

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  1. Allah is the Arabic term for God. It literally translates to “the God,” as Islam is a monotheistic religion. Muslims believe Allah is a being who is eternal, all-powerful, all-knowing, all-seeing, all-hearing, merciful, and beneficent. Islam has 99 special names for Allah, each of which expresses an aspect of Allah’s character. [30]
    • In Arabic: الله
  2. 2
    Da’wah Da’wah is the act of inviting or calling people to Islam, including non-Muslims and Muslims who may need guidance or inspiration to deepen their faith. [31] Da’wah is not about forcing anyone to convert to Islam, but rather to present the message and allow them to choose freely.
    • In Arabic: دعوة
  3. 3
    Deen Deen, or Dīn, refers to the belief and practice of Islam. It’s a comprehensive way of life that encompasses religious beliefs and practices, and the moral, ethical, and social aspects of an individual’s life. Deen is a complete system that guides a Muslim’s actions and interactions in both their personal and public lives. [32]
    • In Arabic: دين
  4. 4
    Fatwa A fatwa is a legal opinion or interpretation on a point of Islamic law (Sharia) that is given by a qualified Islamic scholar (mufti). [33] Fatwas guide Muslims on various aspects of life, including religious practices and social and ethical matters. They’re considered authoritative, but are not legally binding and can be challenged or superseded by other opinions.
    • In Arabic: فتوى
  5. 5
    Fi-Sabilillah Fi-Sabilillah translates to “In the cause of Allah” or “For the sake of Allah,” and refers to actions done with the intention of pleasing God, such as acts of charity, helping others, fighting for the faith, and striving to do good deeds. [34]
    • In Arabic: فِي سَبِيلِ ٱللَّٰهِ
  6. 6
    Five Pillars of Islam The Five Pillars of Islam are the core beliefs and practices that Muslims must adhere to. They’re considered the foundation of Islamic life and worship. Elkadri says the Five Pillars include “the five daily prayers, almsgiving, bearing witness that there’s only one God, the pilgrimage to Mecca, and fasting during Ramadan.” [35]
    • We’ll explain each of the Five Pillars in more detail below!
  7. 7
    Hadith A hadith is a collection of sayings, stories, actions, and approvals of the Prophet Muhammad that come from Him directly or from those who knew Him. Hadiths are passed down through generations and are a source of guidance for Muslims, second only to the Qur’an. They provide details on Islamic law, rituals, and beliefs, and offer practical examples for how to live according to Islamic teachings. [36]
    • In Arabic: حديث
    • Each Hadith is also “graded” according to how authentic it is:
      • Sahih means “authentic”
      • Hasan means “good”
      • Da’if means “weak”
  8. 8
    Hajj Hajj is the Fifth Pillar of Islam and refers to the pilgrimage Muslims must make to Mecca, Islam’s holy city, at least once in their lifetime. The Hajj is “only done during the 12th month of the Islamic calendar,” explains Mohsin. [37] It is required by every Muslim who is physically and financially able to make the journey.
    • In Arabic: حَجّ
    • The 12th month of the Islamic calendar is called Dhul Hijjah.
  9. 9
    Halal Halal is an Arabic term that means “lawful” or “permissible.” In Islam specifically, it refers to things that are permissible for Muslims to eat or drink according to Islamic dietary laws. Halal food cannot contain pork, alcohol, or any other ingredients explicitly prohibited in Islamic texts, including the Qur’an. [38]
  10. 10
    Haram In Islam, “ haram ” refers to anything that is forbidden or prohibited, meaning it is sinful for Muslims to engage in. [40] Actions that are deemed haram are considered harmful to the individual or others. Some notable forbidden actions include consuming pork , drinking alcohol, gambling, stealing, and lying.
    • In Arabic: حَرَام
  11. 11
    Imaan Imaan, or Iman, translates to “faith” or “belief” and refers to a person’s belief in Islam. [41] It encompasses a deep conviction in the core tenets of Islam, including belief in Allah, His angels, His scriptures, His prophets, the Day of Judgment, and divine decree.
    • In Arabic: إِيمَان
  12. 12
    Imam An Imam is a religious leader, or more broadly, a leader of a Muslim community. Islam does not have a formal process for the ordination of clergy, so Imams become recognized by their community due to their knowledge and devotion to the religion. Imams often lead prayers in a mosque and serve as guides, teachers, and counselors within their community. [42]
    • In Arabic: إمام
    • Other terms of respect for Islamic spiritual leaders and scholars include:
      • Shaykh (elder)
      • Mufti (consultant in religious law)
      • Ustadh (religious teacher)
  13. 13
    Jahannam Jahannam is the Islamic term for hell and is a core concept in the religion. [43] It is a place of punishment in the afterlife for those who disobeyed God and committed evil deeds. It’s described as a fiery place with varying levels of intensity that correspond to different sins.
    • In Arabic: جهنم
  14. 14
    Jannah In Islam, Jannah is the term for “Paradise.” It is described as a place of everlasting joy, peace, and fulfilment, where believers will experience the highest level of divine favor. Jannah is believed to be a gift from God for those who believe in Him, follow His commandments, and strive to do good in their lives. [44]
  15. 15
    Jumu’ah Jumu’ah, or Jummah, refers to both Friday and the congregational prayer Muslims observe at noon on Fridays. The Jumu’ah is a mandatory prayer for men and is considered one of the most important Islamic rituals, as it replaces the usual Zuhr prayer. Muslim men must visit their local mosque for the Jumu’ah. Women and children can also participate, but are not obligated to. [45]
    • In Arabic: جُمُعَة
  16. 16
    Kaaba The Kaaba (or Ka’bah) is a stone building located at the center of the Masjid al-Haram (Islam’s most important mosque) in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. Muslims believe it is the most sacred spot on Earth, as it was the first house of worship devoted to God. When Muslims make the pilgrimage to Mecca, they are required to walk around the Kaaba counterclockwise 7 times. [46]
    • In Arabic: الكعبة‎‎‎‎
    • The Kaaba is believed to have been built by the Prophets Abraham and Ishmael, though it was later filled with idols as their message was forgotten. Muhammad later called for a return to monotheism and the removal of the idols in the temple.
  17. 17
    Mecca Mecca is Islam’s holiest city, located in present-day Saudi Arabia. It’s considered the birthplace of Islam, as it’s the birthplace of the Prophet Muhammad and the location of the Kaaba. Muslims must face in the direction of Mecca when they pray , and making a pilgrimage to Mecca is one of the Five Pillars of Islam. [47]
    • In Arabic: مكة
  18. 18
    Mosque/Masjid Mosque translates to “a place of prostration,” and refers to a place of worship for Muslims. Masjid is simply the Arabic word for mosque. [48] Mosques are central hubs for community gatherings, prayer, and spiritual reflections. While daily prayers can be performed anywhere, men are required to gather at the mosque on Fridays for the noon prayer, Jumu’ah. [49]
    • In Arabic: مَسجِد
  19. 19
    Nabi/Rasul Nabi and rasul are both Arabic words that roughly translate to “prophet” or “messenger.” [50] In Islam, prophets are humans chosen by Allah to receive divine messages and convey those messages to humanity. The Qur’an teaches that every group of people that has ever existed has been sent a messenger from God, and 25 of those prophets are referred to by name in the Qur’an itself.
    • In Arabic: نبي (nabi), رسول (rasul)
    • Some of the most well-known prophets include Muhammad (the final prophet whose message completes humanity’s knowledge of God), Jesus, and Moses.
    • Muslims are expected to honor the prophets and their revelations.
  20. 20
    Qur’an The Qur’an is the holy book of Islam and is considered to be the literal word of God, revealed to the Prophet Muhammad by the angel Jibril over the course of 23 years. The Qur’an is divided into 114 chapters, or surahs, and offers guidance on faith, morality, and law. It is seen as a guide for Muslims on all aspects of life. [51]
    • In Arabic: ٱلْقُرْآن‎
    • If you want to get closer to Allah as a Muslim, Mohsin recommends reading the Qur’an and applying it to your daily life rather than viewing it as a historical text. [52]
  21. 21
    Salah/salat Salah (sometimes written as “salat”) is the second of the Five Pillars of Islam. It means “prayer,” and refers to the obligatory act of praying 5 times a day at specific times. Salah specifically refers to these required prayers, as other prayers are encouraged but not required. [53]
    • In Arabic: صلاة
    • Mohsin explains that the five daily prayers are a way for Muslims to stay spiritually connected to their faith in a fast-paced world, as the timing may be “inconvenient.” It’s a way to focus on God and remember what’s truly important in your life. [54]
  22. 22
    Sawm Sawm is the fourth Pillar of Islam and refers to fasting, specifically during the month of Ramadan . When fasting, Muslims are required to abstain from food, drink, and other physical needs from dawn until sunset. The practice is intended to promote spiritual growth, self-discipline, and empathy for the less fortunate. [55]
    • In Arabic: ﺻَﻮﻡ
  23. 23
    Shahada According to Mohsin, the Shahada is the first of the Five Pillars of Islam and refers to the declaration of faith. [56] It is a statement affirming one’s belief that Allah is the one, true God and that Muhammad is his prophet. The Shadada is required for becoming a Muslim and is often recited in Arabic. It translates to “I testify that there is no god but God, and Muhhamad is the Messenger of God.”
    • In Arabic: الشَّهَادَةُ
    • Mohsin explains that when you say the Shahada, “You’re technically a Muslim, but you can’t just say that statement and not understand what it means and what it implies.” You must truly believe in Allah and His word. [57]
  24. 24
    Sharia Sharia is a comprehensive religious law that includes all teachings of Islam (including belief, ethics, and manners). It literally means “path to water,” which is a metaphor for the path to life and salvation. Sharia is derived from the Qur’an and the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad, and it provides a framework for living in accordance with Allah’s will. [58]
    • In Arabic: شريعة
  25. 25
    Shirk Shirk translates to “association” or “sharing” and refers to the sin of idolatry, polytheism, or the association of Allah with other deities or partners in worship. Shirk is considered the most serious sin in Islam, as it contradicts the belief in the oneness of Allah. [59]
    • In Arabic: شِرْك
  26. 26
    Ummah Ummah literally translates to “nation” and refers to the collective, global community of Muslims. [60] The Ummah transcends national, racial, and class boundaries, and is a concept of unity based on shared faith. The Ummah is viewed as a single body, with the well-being of one Muslim being connected to the well-being of all.
    • In Arabic: أُمَّة
  27. 27
    Umrah Umrah is a voluntary pilgrimage to Mecca. Unlike Hajj, Umrah is not obligatory and can be performed at any time of the year. It’s a way for Muslims to attain purification, renew their faith, and become closer to Allah . [61]
    • In Arabic: عُمْرَة
  28. Zakat is the third of the Five Pillars of Islam and refers to an obligatory form of charity that Muslims who meet certain criteria are required to give. Those who meet the threshold must donate 2.5% of their annual wealth to those in need. It is a religious duty and is considered a way to purify one’s wealth and promote social justice. [62]
    • In Arabic: زكاة
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      References

      1. ↑ Belal Elkadri. Islam Education Expert & Motivational Speaker. Expert Interview
      2. ↑ https://islam.worldofislam.info/index.php/glossary/1127-frequently-used-islamic-expressions
      3. ↑ https://islam.worldofislam.info/index.php/glossary/1127-frequently-used-islamic-expressions
      4. ↑ https://muslimrevert.info/learn/phrases/
      5. ↑ https://www.arabiantongue.com/the-meaning-of-ameen-after-dua/
      6. ↑ Idris Abdul-Zahir. Imam and Islam Expert. Expert Interview
      7. ↑ Belal Elkadri. Islam Education Expert & Motivational Speaker. Expert Interview
      8. ↑ Belal Elkadri. Islam Education Expert & Motivational Speaker. Expert Interview
      9. ↑ https://islam.worldofislam.info/index.php/glossary/1127-frequently-used-islamic-expressions
      1. ↑ https://islam.worldofislam.info/index.php/glossary/1127-frequently-used-islamic-expressions
      2. ↑ https://muslimrevert.info/learn/phrases/
      3. ↑ https://muslimrevert.info/learn/phrases/
      4. ↑ Idris Abdul-Zahir. Imam and Islam Expert. Expert Interview
      5. ↑ Idris Abdul-Zahir. Imam and Islam Expert. Expert Interview
      6. ↑ https://islam.worldofislam.info/index.php/glossary/1127-frequently-used-islamic-expressions
      7. ↑ https://islam.worldofislam.info/index.php/glossary/1127-frequently-used-islamic-expressions
      8. ↑ Mekaeel Mohsin. Imam. Expert Interview
      9. ↑ https://muslimrevert.info/learn/phrases/
      10. ↑ Idris Abdul-Zahir. Imam and Islam Expert. Expert Interview
      11. ↑ Idris Abdul-Zahir. Imam and Islam Expert. Expert Interview
      12. ↑ https://portalislam.org/index.php/islamic-honorifics
      13. ↑ https://muslimrevert.info/learn/phrases/
      14. ↑ https://www.alislam.org/book/pathway-to-paradise/islamic-expressions-short-prayers/
      15. ↑ https://islam.worldofislam.info/index.php/glossary/1127-frequently-used-islamic-expressions
      16. ↑ https://portalislam.org/index.php/islamic-honorifics
      17. ↑ Belal Elkadri. Islam Education Expert & Motivational Speaker. Expert Interview
      18. ↑ Idris Abdul-Zahir. Imam and Islam Expert. Expert Interview
      19. ↑ https://islam.worldofislam.info/index.php/glossary/1127-frequently-used-islamic-expressions
      20. ↑ https://islam.worldofislam.info/index.php/glossary/1127-frequently-used-islamic-expressions
      21. ↑ https://www.britannica.com/topic/Allah
      22. ↑ https://icstj.org/common-islamic-phrases/
      23. ↑ https://icstj.org/common-islamic-phrases/
      24. ↑ https://icstj.org/common-islamic-phrases/
      25. ↑ https://www.almirajsuficentre.org.au/qamus/app/single/363
      26. ↑ Belal Elkadri. Islam Education Expert & Motivational Speaker. Expert Interview
      27. ↑ https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hadith
      28. ↑ Mekaeel Mohsin. Imam. Expert Interview
      29. ↑ https://icstj.org/common-islamic-phrases/
      30. ↑ Belal Elkadri. Islam Education Expert & Motivational Speaker. Expert Interview
      31. ↑ https://icstj.org/common-islamic-phrases/
      32. ↑ https://icstj.org/common-islamic-phrases/
      33. ↑ https://icstj.org/common-islamic-phrases/
      34. ↑ https://icstj.org/common-islamic-phrases/
      35. ↑ https://www.mymasjid.ca/glossary-of-islamic-words/jannah-heaven/
      36. ↑ https://pluralism.org/jum’ah-the-friday-prayer
      37. ↑ https://www.britannica.com/topic/Kaaba-shrine-Mecca-Saudi-Arabia
      38. ↑ https://www.britannica.com/place/Mecca
      39. ↑ https://icstj.org/common-islamic-phrases/
      40. ↑ https://www.britannica.com/topic/mosque
      41. ↑ https://icstj.org/common-islamic-phrases/
      42. ↑ https://quran.com/about-the-quran
      43. ↑ Mekaeel Mohsin. Imam. Expert Interview
      44. ↑ https://icstj.org/common-islamic-phrases/
      45. ↑ Mekaeel Mohsin. Imam. Expert Interview
      46. ↑ https://www.islamicity.org/11690/fasting-sawmtsom-as-a-spiritual-diet/
      47. ↑ Mekaeel Mohsin. Imam. Expert Interview
      48. ↑ Mekaeel Mohsin. Imam. Expert Interview
      49. ↑ https://www.britannica.com/topic/sharia
      50. ↑ https://www.britannica.com/topic/shirk
      51. ↑ https://icstj.org/common-islamic-phrases/
      52. ↑ https://icstj.org/common-islamic-phrases/
      53. ↑ https://icstj.org/common-islamic-phrases/

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