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Oleander (Nerium oleander) is a beautiful evergreen shrub that produces flowers in a wide range of colors. Without pruning, oleander can grow up to 10–20 feet (3–6 m) tall. Pruning oleander can not only make the plant a more manageable size, it also can force the stems to branch out, which will give your plant a bushier and more attractive shape. Oleanders are strong plants that can tolerate a good amount of pruning, but you should make sure that you prune your oleander in the healthiest way possible for the plant.
Steps
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Prune in late summer or early fall. On the whole, oleanders are low-maintenance plants that don't need regular pruning. However, you should aim to do a major pruning of your oleander at least once a year during late summer or early fall. This pruning will help you shape your plant and stimulate healthy growth.- Pruning at this time won't interfere with the blooming of the plant, because it is after the plant has already bloomed for the season.
- Don't prune past October. Pruning too late can make the recently cut sections of the plant vulnerable during winter.
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Wear gloves. It's essential to wear gloves when you are pruning oleander. Oleander is poisonous, and while for the most part it's only dangerous when ingested, it can cause skin irritation and inflammation when handled. That is why it's best to wear gloves when pruning or handling the plant. [1] X Research source- You may also consider wearing goggles if you have sensitive skin or eyes.
- Be aware that the toxin in oleander is primarily in the sap of the plant.
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Snip off new shoots at the base of the plant. New shoots, also called suckers or basal shoots, are offshoots of the plant that grow up out of the base of the plant. Use sharp gardening shears to snip them as close to the base as you can. You can also dig up the dirt around the shoot and tear them out of the ground to remove them. [2] X Research source- These shoots can be harmful to the overall health of the plant because the plant will start to dedicate its energy into maintaining the shoot, rather than investing all its energy in the oleander.
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Cut oleander stems to about half height you'd like for the overall plant. If your oleander is too tall and its size is a problem, you will want to cut it down to size. Since pruning oleander actually encourages growth and branching, cut stems at half the desired height of the plant. For instance, if you'd like your oleander to be four feet tall, cut stems at two feet. Your oleander will continue to grow, and will reach four feet when the branches grow in.- If your plant is more or less the size you'd like, you do not have to do any drastic cuts.
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Shape your oleander. After cutting the stems to the desired heights, decide if you want to change the overall shape of the plant. When cutting branches, make your cut with sharp gardening shears just above the leaf nodes. The nodes are the sections where three leaves come out from the branch. Cutting just above the nodes encourages flowering. [3] X Research source- Your plant may have some scraggly or overhanging branches that distract from the natural shape of the plant. Cut these branches to emphasize the natural shape of the plant.
- You can also reshape the oleander into more of a tree-shape by cutting off branches near the bottom of the plant, leaving the area around the base clear.
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Check your plant every month or so for dead growths. Apart from your annual pruning, you should also prune here and there when you see dead or damaged branches or blooms. Especially if it's an old plant, or if it's exposed to pests, it will benefit from pruning to remove unhealthy sections. -
Put on gloves. Even if you're just doing a few minor clips, still wear gloves when you are pruning oleander. Any kind of exposure can cause irritation, so even if you are just clipping a few branches, put on gloves and consider wearing long sleeves in case you brush up against the oleander. [4] X Research source -
Look at your oleander plant up close and from all sides. Take note of any shoots or stalks that look dead. If it is a young oleander, you may not see any. However, the older and bigger the plant is, the more sections you will see that are past their prime. [5] X Research source -
Snip off damaged branches using sharp gardening shears. Use sharp gardening shears to cut off the dead or damaged branches of your oleander. Try to cut them a few inches below where the damaged section begins. If you don't cut off the entire damaged section, the branch won't be able to regrow in a healthy way. [6] X Research source -
Cut entire damaged stalks close to the roots. If the oleander is not only damaged on its branches, but on the whole stalk, cut off the entire stalk. Oleander is an extremely resilient plant, so even cutting off an entire stalk won't hurt the plant. This stalk will regrow eventually, and will be bushier and healthier than ever! [7] X Research source
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Fertilize the plant after pruning. You should aim to fertilize your oleander with a nitrogen fertilizer around one to three times a year, or not at all depending on the fertility of your soil. One of these times should be after your annual pruning of the plant. Your oleander will need the nutrients that fertilizer provides to regrow and blossom. [8] X Research source- Spread an even layer of fertilizer around the base of the plant. Fertilizer can be found at Home Depot, Lowe's or gardening stores.
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Water the oleander. You should also water oleander after any pruning. Although oleander is a tough plant that is known for surviving in hot climates, watering the plant evenly can help its regrowth. Make sure not to drench the plant, as this can be more harmful than helpful. [9] X Research source -
Dispose of the cuttings. Even just the clippings of oleander can be skin irritants if touched, or potentially harmful if ingested. Make sure to gather all the cuttings in a bag of some kind and dispose of them in a place where pets, children, or others won't be exposed to them.- Wear your gloves as you collect the clippings.
- Do not compost any part of the oleander plant.
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Wash your tools and your hands. After you have finished pruning, wash your gardening shears or any other equipment you used to trim your oleander. [10] X Research source- Washing your equipment ensures that the next time you use them you won't run the risk of skin irritation from the oleander sap.
- Even if you wore gloves, make sure to wash your hands as well as any exposed body parts, such as arms or legs.
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Expert Q&A
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QuestionCan I prune dead wood off my dwarf oleander? When can I do it?Lauren Kurtz is a Naturalist and Horticultural Specialist. Lauren has worked for Aurora, Colorado managing the Water-Wise Garden at Aurora Municipal Center for the Water Conservation Department. She earned a BA in Environmental and Sustainability Studies from Western Michigan University in 2014.Yes. You should prune all of the dead wood off of your oleander. Do this regularly, throughout year as needed.
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QuestionHow do I encourage bushier growth on my oleander?Lauren Kurtz is a Naturalist and Horticultural Specialist. Lauren has worked for Aurora, Colorado managing the Water-Wise Garden at Aurora Municipal Center for the Water Conservation Department. She earned a BA in Environmental and Sustainability Studies from Western Michigan University in 2014.If you have an old oleander, then you can heavily prune select branches about half way down. This will encourage cut branches to split off and grow more branches. Young oleanders can be cut to the ground in the fall. This will encourage bushier growth in the spring.
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QuestionI want to know what I should do with my oleander. It is March, and I have done nothing to it. It bloomed and the blooms look dead. Should I cut them off?NinoxTop AnswererYou can cut off the old bloom, but make sure you don't cut the branch, otherwise your oleander won't bloom next year.
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Tips
- Don't be afraid to dramatically trim the oleander. It is a resilient plant that can take major reshaping.Thanks
- Consider how you want your oleander to look in relation to the plants around it. If it's getting in the way of another plant, trim it down.Thanks
- If you don't notice any dead or damaged sections and you are happy with the way the plant looks, there is no need to prune. Oleander doesn't require pruning.Thanks
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Warnings
- Toxins from an oleander plant may remain in compost for more than a year, so do not compost any part of the oleander plant.Thanks
- Protect your skin when you are pruning, and make sure any others who could come in contact with the plant know its poisonous qualities.Thanks
- If you or your pet or child ingest oleander, get medical attention immediately.Thanks
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References
- ↑ http://www.south-florida-plant-guide.com/oleander-tree.html
- ↑ http://www.starkbros.com/growing-guide/article/fruit-tree-care-removing-suckers-water-sprouts/
- ↑ http://gardeningsolutions.ifas.ufl.edu/plants/trees-and-shrubs/shrubs/oleander.html
- ↑ http://www.south-florida-plant-guide.com/oleander-tree.html
- ↑ http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/galveston/educ_programs/Oleanders.pdf
- ↑ http://gardeningsolutions.ifas.ufl.edu/plants/trees-and-shrubs/shrubs/oleander.html
- ↑ http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/galveston/educ_programs/Oleanders.pdf
- ↑ http://www.reviewjournal.com/opinion/columns-blogs/bob-morris/older-oleanders-can-handle-heavy-pruning
- ↑ http://www.reviewjournal.com/opinion/columns-blogs/bob-morris/older-oleanders-can-handle-heavy-pruning
About This Article
Article Summary
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To prune oleander annually, snip off new shoots at the base of the plant in late summer or early fall to shape your plant and stimulate healthy growth. Moreover, if your plant has gotten too tall, cut the stems to half the height you’d like it to be. For example, if you want a 4 foot plant, cut it back to 2 feet. Once your oleander plant is the size you want, you can shape it by cutting branches just above leaf nodes, which are the areas where 3 leaves come out from 1 branch. In addition to your annual pruning, prune any dead or damaged branches monthly. For more tips from our Horticulturalist co-author, including how to fertilize your oleander plant after pruning, keep reading!
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Reader Success Stories
- "I knew that oleander was poisonous if ingested. I did not know that it could cause skin irritation and that it was important to wear gloves, and possibly even long sleeves, while trimming the plants. This was very helpful and important information." ..." more
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"I knew that oleander was poisonous if ingested. I did not know that it could cause skin irritation and that it was important to wear gloves, and possibly even long sleeves, while trimming the plants. This was very helpful and important information."
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"I wanted to know when the best time was to trim and shape my oleander and this article was helpful. I had hard trimmed them last year and want to keep them at a smaller size . My questions were answered."
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"I liked the way it was presented and easy to understand. I had searched all afternoon to get some help, but there was no help to be had as good this. Thanks! Being a teacher, I give it an A+."
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"The article provided a to-the-point answer to my question about when to prune. Also provided valuable information about precautions to take during the process."
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"Straight forward and informative, I shall now go forth and prune it, gently, not like Sweeny Todd. I shall also make sure I wear my gloves, thank you. "
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