Q&A for How to Tap a Pine Tree

Not in the way that animals/humans do, because trees don't have a nervous system. However, it is not possible to rule it out completely. There's evidence that trees can respond to being damaged or eaten in various ways, and their methods of sensing these damages are not entirely understood.

Turpentine is a solvent that emulsifies and acts as a carrier and thinner to aid in spreading the color pigments. Turpentine tends to keep colors truer and richer in oil-based paints than some other solvents.

Yes, it can, I have collected dead fatwood (a location where the sap has collected), and it was dripping with sap once I removed the crystallized coat. But this was short-lasting. It is better for making pine tar.

It will not take very long. Once you make the tapping wound on the tree, then sap will pour out immediately until it runs dry or begins solidifying. About 10 to 15 minutes is enough to gather a pint. If you want many gallons, it will take several hours, and 50 to 60 gallons will take 3-4 days.