wikiHow Literary Commentary Outline and Example Outline: Introduction: Introduce the literary work you will be analyzing, including the title and author. Provide a brief summary of the work and its context. State the main thesis or argument of your commentary. Analysis of Themes and Motifs: Identify and discuss the major themes and motifs present in the work. Analyze how these themes and motifs contribute to the overall meaning or message of the work. Support your analysis with specific examples and evidence from the text. Examination of Characters: Discuss the main characters and their development throughout the work. Analyze their motivations, conflicts, and relationships. Explore how the characters contribute to the themes and overall narrative. Analysis of Literary Techniques: Examine the author's use of literary techniques such as symbolism, imagery, foreshadowing, or irony. Analyze how these techniques enhance the reader's understanding of the work. Discuss the effectiveness of the author's stylistic choices. Historical and Cultural Context: Explore the historical, cultural, or social context in which the work was written. Discuss how the context influences the themes, characters, or events in the work. Consider any relevant biographical information about the author. Evaluation and Interpretation: Offer your interpretation and evaluation of the work. Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the work. Reflect on its relevance and impact on the literary canon or contemporary society. Conclusion: Summarize your main points and restate your thesis. Provide a final analysis or reflection on the work's significance. Offer any concluding thoughts or suggestions for further exploration. Example: Introduction: The play "Hamlet" by William Shakespeare is a tragic exploration of revenge, madness, and the complexities of the human psyche. In this commentary, we will examine the themes of uncertainty and deception, the character of Hamlet, and Shakespeare's use of soliloquies to convey the inner thoughts and conflicts of the protagonist. Analysis of Themes and Motifs: Throughout "Hamlet," the themes of uncertainty and deception are pervasive. The characters grapple with the uncertainty of truth, appearances, and the nature of reality. The motif of the play-within-a-play further emphasizes the theme of deception, as it reflects the characters' attempts to uncover hidden truths and expose the machinations of others. Examination of Characters: Hamlet, the central character, embodies the theme of uncertainty as he is plagued by doubt and indecision. His complex nature and conflicting desires drive the plot forward. The character of Claudius, the antagonist, exemplifies deception as he manipulates others to maintain his power. Ophelia represents the tragic consequences of deception and the oppression faced by women in the patriarchal society. Analysis of Literary Techniques: Shakespeare employs soliloquies as a powerful literary technique in "Hamlet." Through these introspective speeches, the audience gains insight into Hamlet's thoughts, emotions, and internal conflicts. The most famous soliloquy, "To be or not to be," encapsulates the existential dilemma faced by Hamlet and highlights his contemplation of life's purpose. Historical and Cultural Context: "Hamlet" was written during the Elizabethan era, a time marked by political instability and philosophical questioning. The play reflects the tensions of the period, including the transition from medieval to Renaissance values and the debates on human nature, morality, and the divine right of kings. Evaluation and Interpretation: "Hamlet" remains a timeless masterpiece due to its exploration of universal themes and its enduring relevance. The play's examination of uncertainty and deception resonates with audiences across cultures and time periods. The complexity of Hamlet's character, his internal struggles, and his famous soliloquies make him one of the most iconic figures in literature. Shakespeare's masterful use of language, poetic devices, and dramatic techniques adds depth and richness to the text, captivating readers and theatergoers for centuries. "Hamlet" invites us to reflect on the human condition, the complexities of morality, and the consequences of indecision and revenge. It explores the impact of deceit and manipulation on individuals and society, raising profound questions about truth, illusion, and the search for meaning. The play's exploration of power dynamics, familial relationships, and the inevitability of death adds to its lasting impact and relevance. Conclusion: In conclusion, "Hamlet" stands as a profound and thought-provoking tragedy that delves into the depths of human nature. Through its themes, characters, and literary techniques, the play offers a powerful exploration of uncertainty, deception, and the complexity of the human psyche. Shakespeare's enduring masterpiece continues to captivate audiences, provoking contemplation and inspiring countless interpretations. "Hamlet" remains a testament to the timeless power of literature to illuminate the human experience and provoke introspection. Page