如何使用GNU编译器（GCC）编译C程序

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共同创作者是 wikiHow员工

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本指南介绍如何使用Linux版GNU编译器（GCC）和Windows版Minimalist GNU for Windows（MinGW）从源代码编译C程序。

方法 1
方法 1 的 2:

使用Unix版GCC

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    随后会返回C编译器的版本号。如果找不到命令，可能尚未安装GCC。 [1]
    • 如果尚未安装，在Linux发行版的相关文挡中查找如何获取正确的安装包。
    • 如果正在编译C++程序，改用“g++“。
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    • 假设源代码文件“main.c”的目录是/usr/wikiHow/source，输入 cd /usr/wikiHow/source 。
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    将“main.c”和“HelloWorld”分别替换为源代码文件的名称和最终程序的名称，随后将开始编译。
    • 如果看到错误并想了解更多信息，输入 gcc -Wall -o errorlog file1.c 。随后输入 cat errorlog ，在当前目录中查看“errorlog”文件。
    • 要将多个源代码文件编译成一个程序，输入 gcc -o outputfile file1.c file2.c file3.c 。
    • 要同时将多个源代码文件编译成多个程序，输入 gcc -c file1.c file2.c file3.c 。
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    输入 &# 46;/HelloWorld ，将“HelloWorld”替换为程序的名称。
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方法 2
方法 2 的 2:

使用Windows版MinGW

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    它是适用于Windows的简易安装版GCC。可以从 https://sourceforge.net/projects/mingw/ 下载安装程序。 [2]
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    • 如果没有自动打开文件，在下载文件夹中双击它，然后单击“安装”。
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    • MinGW建议使用默认安装文件夹（ C:\MinGW ）。如果一定要更改文件夹，不要使用名称中带空格的文件夹，比如“Program Files”。 [3]
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    • 至少在左侧面板中选择 基本设置 ，然后在右侧主面板中勾选列出的编译器。
    • 资深用户可选择 所有程序包 ，然后选择其他编译器。
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    它位于MinGW的左上角。
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    随后会下载并安装编译器。
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    方法如下：
    • 按 ⊞ Win + S 启动搜索，然后输入 环境 。
    • 在搜索结果中单击 编辑系统环境变量 。
    • 单击 环境变量 。
    • 单击“用户变量”窗格下方的 编辑 。
    • 滚动至“变量值”方框的末尾。
    • 在最后一个字母后输入 ;C:\MinGW\bin 。如果将MinGW安装在其他目录，输入 ;C:\目录路径\bin 。
    • 单击两次 确定 。再次单击 确定 关闭窗口。
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    方法如下：
    • 按 ⊞ Win + S ，然后输入 cmd 。
    • 在搜索结果中右键单击 命令提示符 ，然后选择 以管理员身份运行 。
    • 单击 确定 应用更改。
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    • 假设源代码文件helloworld.c的目录是C:\Source\Programs，输入 cd C:\Source\Programs 。
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    将两个“helloworld”分别替换为源代码文件的名称和应用程序的名称。如果程序编译成功，会返回命令提示符窗口，并且不会出现错误消息。 [4]
    • 必须先更正代码错误，然后才能编译程序。
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    如果程序的名称是helloworld.exe，输入该名称就能启动程序。
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小提示

  • 编译代码时加上-g选项会生成调试信息，这样更便于你使用对应的调试程序GDB进行调试。
  • 可以创建Makefiles来提高大型程序的编译效率。
  • 如果你使用优化选项，就需要权衡利弊，比如优化速度就会造成文件变大，甚至精确度下降，反之亦然。
  • 编译C++程序时，G++的用法与GCC相同。注意C++文件的扩展名不是.c，而是.cpp。
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你需要准备

  • 运行Linux或Windows的电脑
  • 有关GNU/Linux以及安装应用程序的基础知识
  • 程序代码
  • 文本编辑器，比如Emacs或vi

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参考

  1. ↑ http://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~beechung/ref/gcc-intro.html
  2. ↑ http://www.mingw.org/wiki/Getting_Started
  3. ↑ http://www.mingw.org/wiki/Getting_Started
  4. ↑ http://www.mingw.org/wiki/mingw_for_first_time_users_howto

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