如何判断小狗的年龄

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共同创作者是 Deanne Pawlisch, CVT, MA

参考

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当你捡到或救下一只小狗时，你应该不知道它的准确年龄。你可以通过狗的体型大概猜一猜，但是不同品种的狗生长速度不一样。判断小狗年龄最简单的方法就是观察狗的牙齿，分析狗的行为，以及带狗去看兽医。

方法 1
方法 1 的 2:

检查狗的牙齿

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    如果小狗还没长牙，那它们肯定出生没多久。这时的小狗可能眼睛还没张开，整天呆在狗妈妈身边。没长牙的小狗最多3周大。 [1]
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    犬牙是狗嘴里的四颗尖牙，两颗在上面，两颗在下面。犬牙是狗所有牙齿中最早长出的一批，通常在狗3到4周大的时候开始生长。 [2]
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    门牙是狗嘴前方犬牙之间的一组小牙齿。犬牙长出后，接着长出的就是两组门牙了。门牙大概在小狗4到5周大时开始长出。 [3]
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    前臼齿在犬牙旁边。当小狗长到4到6周大时，头两组前臼齿就会从小狗嘴里冒出来。 [4]
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    在第一组门牙出现后的几周，最后一组门牙也开始冒头了。最后一组门牙会在狗狗5到6周大的时候开始生长，而最后4颗前臼齿则会在狗狗6到8 周大时冒出来。 [5]
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    小狗8周大时，全套乳牙就都长好了。乳牙非常锋利。当小狗长到8到16周大时，它们的头和下颌也会长大，导致牙齿之间的距离变宽。这时，你会觉得小狗的牙齿显得有些小。 [6]
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    16周到8个月大的狗会开始换牙，随着乳牙掉落，恒牙也就会长出来。掉牙是有顺序的，最早开始掉的是前面的门牙。狗狗年龄越大，每次换牙的时间间隔也越长。 [7]
    • 当狗狗长到5个月大时所有乳牙就差不多掉光了，而恒牙会在8到12个月之间全部长出。
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方法 2
方法 2 的 2:

检查小狗的身体和行为

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    2周大的狗狗还很小，眼睛还没睁开。这时，它们的活动量不大，总是黏在狗妈妈身边，除了用鼻子拱来拱去，就是喝奶、睡觉。 [8]
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    出生2到3周后，小狗的眼睛就会睁开了。这时，它们会离开产箱，开始蹒跚学步。它们似乎越来越熟悉周围的环境，并开始独自探索。上述是5到6周大的小狗具有的特点。 [9]
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    小狗出生后通常从狗妈妈那里获取食物，直到它们长到5到7周大。当小狗长到6到8周大时就会开始吃固体食物，并且变得独立，不再粘着狗妈妈。 [10]
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    小狗越大就越好动。8周大时，小狗的行为方式和人们印象中的狗基本上差不多了。因为牙齿已经长齐了，所以小狗会开始啃咬物品。它们还会对周边的事物表现出极大的好奇心，喜欢玩耍，总是充满活力。 [11]
    • 因为换牙的不适，小狗会变得焦躁不安，经常叫唤。
    • 很多时候，你会发现小狗在玩耍和啃咬食物的间隙呼呼大睡。
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    小狗在8到16周时会经历一次发育的黄金期，在接下来的几个月里，狗狗也会明显长大。 [12]
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    随着小狗一天天长大，原来的毛会脱落，换成成年狗的毛。小狗的毛非常软，而狗成年后，毛会变得更浓密，更厚实。
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    6到12个月大的小狗会开始调皮捣蛋，测试主人的耐心。除了精力翻倍，任何事物都可能干扰小狗的注意力。它们乱啃乱咬的习惯变得更严重了，探索外界的兴趣也更浓了，有时稍不注意就会脱离你的视线。 [13]
    • 这个年龄阶段的小狗会忽视主人的命令，将以前学过的行为忘光光。
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    大多数狗在8到12个月时体型已经不会再变大了。有些品种的狗本来就很大，所以它们的身体还会继续发育，直到满2岁。两岁以下的狗仍然可算作“青少年”。这时，它们还具有一些小狗的特质，比如精力充沛，喜欢啃咬物品，但相比小狗，它们又更沉稳。 [14]
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    没做过绝育手术的小母狗第一次发情通常在6到24个月大的时候。紧张、异常警觉，易受打扰是母狗发情时的表现。你还会发现母狗阴部开始肿胀，从阴道中分泌出带血丝或稻草色的液体。 [15]
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    公狗出生7周后睾丸就会沉降到阴囊中。这时狗的睾丸比之前更明显了，一眼就能看到。 [16]
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    如果你无法根据狗的牙齿，行为或生殖器的发育情况判断它的年龄，还是带它去看兽医吧。兽医会检查狗的体型、品种和牙齿，然后准确地估计出狗的年龄。
    • 养狗的首要任务就是带它去看兽医，检查身体。第一次体检时，兽医就会告诉你狗的年龄。
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参考

  1. ↑ http://www.ruralareavet.org/PDF/Physical_Exam-How_to_Determine_Age.pdf
  2. ↑ http://www.vetstreet.com/our-pet-experts/how-vets-determine-a-puppy-or-kittens-age
  3. ↑ http://www.vetstreet.com/our-pet-experts/how-vets-determine-a-puppy-or-kittens-age
  4. ↑ http://www.vetstreet.com/our-pet-experts/how-vets-determine-a-puppy-or-kittens-age
  5. ↑ http://www.vetstreet.com/our-pet-experts/how-vets-determine-a-puppy-or-kittens-age
  6. ↑ http://www.dogster.com/lifestyle/how-can-you-tell-how-old-a-dog-puppy-is-age-determine-ask-vet
  7. ↑ http://www.ruralareavet.org/PDF/Physical_Exam-How_to_Determine_Age.pdf
  8. ↑ http://ice.ucdavis.edu/~robyn/Korina/BCIdeas/Criticalperiodsinpuppydevelopment.html
  9. ↑ http://ice.ucdavis.edu/~robyn/Korina/BCIdeas/Criticalperiodsinpuppydevelopment.html
  1. ↑ https://uk.pedigree.com/puppy/key-milestones
  2. ↑ https://www.paws.org/library/dogs/puppies/developmental-stages/
  3. ↑ http://www.dogster.com/lifestyle/how-can-you-tell-how-old-a-dog-puppy-is-age-determine-ask-vet
  4. ↑ https://www.paws.org/library/dogs/puppies/developmental-stages/
  5. ↑ http://www.dogster.com/lifestyle/how-can-you-tell-how-old-a-dog-puppy-is-age-determine-ask-vet
  6. ↑ https://pets.webmd.com/dogs/how-tell-if-dogs-heat#1
  7. ↑ https://www.petplace.com/article/dogs/vet-qa-parent/vet-qa/when-do-dogs-testicles-drop/

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