如何去除皮肤上的斑点

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共同创作者是 Kate Holcomb, MD

参考

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照镜子时看到脸上难看的斑点的确让人感到沮丧，很想把它们统统消灭掉。如果你饱受老年斑、痘印、痘痘和雀斑的困扰，不妨试试本文介绍的几种治疗方法。你可以尝试家庭疗法，靠化妆来遮盖它们，接受皮肤科医生的治疗以及正确护理皮肤。不过，可能得等一段时间才会见效，而且还得取决于斑点的类型。

方法 1
方法 1 的 4:

使用家庭疗法

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    菠萝汁含有的酸和酶可以自然地淡化色斑，或许对雀斑也有效。用棉签蘸取菠萝汁，直接涂抹到黑斑。等到菠萝汁自然风干后，再把皮肤冲洗干净。 [1]
    • 菠萝汁可能会引起轻微的皮肤刺激或敏感。发生这种情况时，要马上停止使用，同时咨询一下皮肤科医生。
  2. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images_en\/thumb\/9\/9f\/Get-Rid-of-Spots-on-Your-Skin-Step-2-Version-3.jpg\/v4-460px-Get-Rid-of-Spots-on-Your-Skin-Step-2-Version-3.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/9\/9f\/Get-Rid-of-Spots-on-Your-Skin-Step-2-Version-3.jpg\/v4-728px-Get-Rid-of-Spots-on-Your-Skin-Step-2-Version-3.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}
    将一滴月见草油滴到指尖，然后抹到色斑上。每天涂抹2次，久而久之有助于淡化色斑。 [2]
    • 抹了油才擦其它护肤品，比如精华液或乳液。油变干后，就能继续平时的护肤程序了。
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    乳制品中的乳酸可以淡化皮肤上的色斑，包括老年斑和雀斑。将自制面膜抹到皮肤上，等待20分钟，然后用冷水洗脸，用干净的毛巾拍干皮肤。调配自制面膜的方法有几种： [3]
    • 将等量的酸奶和蜂蜜混匀。
    • 将1汤匙酸奶、1汤匙燕麦和2-3滴蜂蜜混匀。 [4]
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    每天早晚洗脸后涂抹美白乳霜或精华液。根据标签上的指示正确使用产品。查看标签，确保产品含有1种或多种以下美白成分： [5]
    • 对苯二酚
    • 维生素C
    • 壬二酸
    • 维甲酸
    • 曲酸

    警告： 不要在皮肤上使用漂白霜，否则会引起皮肤损伤。最好向皮肤科医生咨询有什么能安全使用的乳霜。 [6]

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    选购含有维A醇或果酸的非处方乳霜。这些成分有助于加快细胞更新，进而淡化色斑、痘印，或许对雀斑也有效。每天早晚洗脸后涂抹乳霜。 [7]
    • 如果乳霜引起皮肤刺激或发红，要马上停止使用，然后咨询皮肤科医生。
  6. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images_en\/thumb\/b\/ba\/Get-Rid-of-Spots-on-Your-Skin-Step-6-Version-3.jpg\/v4-460px-Get-Rid-of-Spots-on-Your-Skin-Step-6-Version-3.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/b\/ba\/Get-Rid-of-Spots-on-Your-Skin-Step-6-Version-3.jpg\/v4-728px-Get-Rid-of-Spots-on-Your-Skin-Step-6-Version-3.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}
    切开芦荟叶提取出芦荟汁液，或是直接在商店购买一罐芦荟胶。用棉签将芦荟直接抹到色斑上。等它变干后，用冷水冲洗干净。每天重复2次，直到色斑变淡。 [8]
    • 你可以切开芦荟叶，直接提取芦荟汁液。如果想要在商店购买，一定要选择100%纯正芦荟胶产品。

    你知道吗？ 芦荟含有芦荟素，有助于淡化皮肤里的黑色素，所以芦荟能有效祛除色斑。

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方法 2
方法 2 的 4:

靠化妆遮盖斑点

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    将少许妆前乳点在鼻子上，然后往外涂抹开来，与发际线和下巴轮廓融合。均匀地涂抹薄薄一层，有助于固定妆容，让它们维持一整天。等待2-3分钟，等妆前乳变干后才继续下一步。 [9]
    • 妆前乳不是必须的，但是用了可以让妆容维持一整天。
    • 必要时可以涂抹更多妆前乳，以便更均匀地覆盖皮肤。
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    肤色白的人选择浅桃红色，肤色中等的人使用中等桃红色，肤色深的人使用橙色。将遮瑕膏点在黑斑上，中和它们暗沉的颜色。这有助于隐藏色斑。 [10]
    • 桃红色能中和色斑暗沉的颜色。
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    上粉底 ，让肤色变得均匀。 选择适合你肤色的粉底。用化妆棉或美妆蛋均匀地上一层粉底。将粉底打在调色遮瑕膏上，然后抹到整张脸，帮助它融合。如果没有使用调色遮瑕膏，那就将粉底打在鼻子上，然后往外涂抹开来，与发际线和下巴轮廓融合。 [11]
    • 如果你使用调色遮瑕膏，那就先遮瑕膏再上粉底。
    • 如果你使用普通遮瑕膏，那就先上粉底再遮瑕膏。
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    在皮肤色斑或瑕疵上 涂抹高效遮瑕膏 。 选择和肤色相同或浅一个色号的遮瑕膏。然后用手指或小刷子将遮瑕膏涂到你要遮盖的色斑上。轻轻抹开，使边缘和皮肤融合。等待2-3分钟，让遮瑕膏变干，然后才刷蜜粉。 [12]
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    用蜜粉刷在脸扫上薄薄一层蜜粉。用蜜粉刷蘸取蜜粉，轻轻拍打，抖掉多余蜜粉。将蜜粉扫到整张脸上，帮助固定妆容，让它更持久。 [13]
    • 想要增加遮瑕力度，可以使用和粉底同一色调的蜜粉。不过，这可能会导致卡粉。
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方法 3
方法 3 的 4:

咨询皮肤科医生

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  1. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images_en\/thumb\/f\/f4\/Get-Rid-of-Spots-on-Your-Skin-Step-12-Version-2.jpg\/v4-460px-Get-Rid-of-Spots-on-Your-Skin-Step-12-Version-2.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/f\/f4\/Get-Rid-of-Spots-on-Your-Skin-Step-12-Version-2.jpg\/v4-728px-Get-Rid-of-Spots-on-Your-Skin-Step-12-Version-2.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}
    皮肤科医生会检查皮肤上的色斑，弄清楚它们形成的原因，然后告诉你最好的治疗方案。这能确保你选择安全、有效的治疗方案。去看皮肤科医生，让他检查你的皮肤。 [14]
    • 要求医生将你转介到皮肤科。
  2. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images_en\/thumb\/3\/34\/Get-Rid-of-Spots-on-Your-Skin-Step-13-Version-2.jpg\/v4-460px-Get-Rid-of-Spots-on-Your-Skin-Step-13-Version-2.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/3\/34\/Get-Rid-of-Spots-on-Your-Skin-Step-13-Version-2.jpg\/v4-728px-Get-Rid-of-Spots-on-Your-Skin-Step-13-Version-2.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}
    这些产品通常含有对苯二酚，可以阻止皮肤产生黑色素。坚持使用数个月，才会看到效果。一定要按照医生的指示正确使用乳霜。 [15]
    • 你会注意到黑斑慢慢淡化。
  3. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images_en\/thumb\/1\/14\/Get-Rid-of-Spots-on-Your-Skin-Step-14-Version-2.jpg\/v4-460px-Get-Rid-of-Spots-on-Your-Skin-Step-14-Version-2.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/1\/14\/Get-Rid-of-Spots-on-Your-Skin-Step-14-Version-2.jpg\/v4-728px-Get-Rid-of-Spots-on-Your-Skin-Step-14-Version-2.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}
    在这过程中，皮肤科医生会给你去角质，去掉受损的皮肤外层，露出底下颜色更均匀、更年轻的新皮肤，有助于去掉色斑或痘印。如果皮肤科医生推荐微晶磨皮，整个疗程大概持续16周，每2周进行1次。 [16]
    • 微晶磨皮可能导致皮肤发红或脱皮。
    • 如果色斑颜色很深，可能无法完全消失，但是颜色会变浅。
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    皮肤科医生会在你的皮肤上涂抹三氯乙酸或苯酚，去掉表层的皮肤。这能清除受损的皮肤细胞，露出底下更年轻和柔滑的新皮肤。向皮肤科医生咨询化学换肤是否对你有帮助。 [17]
    • 做了深层化学换肤的皮肤预计需要14-21天愈合。在这期间，你必须涂抹软膏，帮助皮肤愈合，不留疤痕。
    • 化学换肤后，皮肤会变得非常敏感，不能化妆和晒太阳。皮肤还可能发红、灼痛和发痒。
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    进行1-2次激光治疗，用高温促进皮肤再生，淡化色斑或痘印。进行数次激光治疗也能淡化雀斑。向医生咨询激光治疗是否对你有效。 [18]
    • 激光治疗有一些副作用。色斑可能暂时结硬皮或变深色，但是之后会慢慢恢复。
    • 激光治疗对肤色深或晒黑的皮肤不太有效。 [19]
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    皮肤科医生可以用液氮冷冻导致黑斑形成的皮肤细胞。随着受损的皮肤细胞愈合，黑斑会慢慢淡化、变浅。这个过程有点痛，不过很快见效。向皮肤科医生咨询冷冻治疗是否适合你。 [20]
    • 冷冻治疗后，皮肤会短暂地发疼、肿胀、发红和起水疱，但是之后会慢慢恢复。
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方法 4
方法 4 的 4:

护理皮肤

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    每天 洗脸 2次。 每天用温和洗面奶洗脸，用量大概是一枚硬币大小。用指尖将洗面奶抹到皮肤上，然后用冷水冲洗干净。最后用毛巾拍干皮肤。 [21]
    • 污垢、汗水和多余油脂都会堵塞毛孔，引发长痘，进而形成黑斑或痘印。
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    治疗痘痘让皮肤更快痊愈，有助于预防黑斑和痘印形成。过氧化苯甲酰可以杀死引发痘痘的细菌，水杨酸能防止日后再次长痘。维A醇则保持毛孔干净，或许还能淡化黑斑。检查护肤品上的标签，看看是否含有这些成分。 [22]
    • 你可以在洗面奶、沐浴露和祛痘膏找到这些成分。可能需要购买超过1种产品，才能从这3种成分中获益。检查所选产品的标签，确保它们可以安全地搭配使用。
  3. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images_en\/thumb\/7\/70\/Get-Rid-of-Spots-on-Your-Skin-Step-20-Version-2.jpg\/v4-460px-Get-Rid-of-Spots-on-Your-Skin-Step-20-Version-2.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/7\/70\/Get-Rid-of-Spots-on-Your-Skin-Step-20-Version-2.jpg\/v4-728px-Get-Rid-of-Spots-on-Your-Skin-Step-20-Version-2.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}
    你可能很想挤痘痘，但是尽量不要用手指触碰脸。挤或挑痘痘会更容易形成黑斑或痘印。最好使用祛痘产品，耐心等待它们发挥作用。 [23]
    • 如果你饱受痘痘困扰，不妨去看皮肤科医生，了解更多治疗方案。
  4. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images_en\/thumb\/2\/24\/Get-Rid-of-Spots-on-Your-Skin-Step-21-Version-2.jpg\/v4-460px-Get-Rid-of-Spots-on-Your-Skin-Step-21-Version-2.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/2\/24\/Get-Rid-of-Spots-on-Your-Skin-Step-21-Version-2.jpg\/v4-728px-Get-Rid-of-Spots-on-Your-Skin-Step-21-Version-2.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}
    有些护肤和护发产品会堵塞毛孔，导致皮肤长痘痘之类的疙瘩。查看所选产品上的标签，确保它们不致粉刺，也就是不会堵塞毛孔。这有助于防止你日后长痘和黑斑。 [24]
    • 前后的标签都要查看。
  5. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images_en\/thumb\/c\/c2\/Get-Rid-of-Spots-on-Your-Skin-Step-22-Version-2.jpg\/v4-460px-Get-Rid-of-Spots-on-Your-Skin-Step-22-Version-2.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/c\/c2\/Get-Rid-of-Spots-on-Your-Skin-Step-22-Version-2.jpg\/v4-728px-Get-Rid-of-Spots-on-Your-Skin-Step-22-Version-2.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}
    太阳光损害会导致老年斑和雀斑形成，所以一定要保护好皮肤。每天外出前，涂抹防晒系数30的广谱防晒霜。如果要在户外待一段时间，根据标签上的指示或每2小时补涂1次防晒霜。 [25]
    • 尽量不要在上午10点到下午2点之间外出，因为这段时间的阳光最猛烈。

    小提示： 用衣服遮盖皮肤和戴一顶宽边帽，也能避免皮肤受太阳伤害。

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小提示

  • 对某个人有效的方法可能不适合你，所以不要害怕尝试其它方法。
  • 通常需要好几个月才能看到明显的效果。
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警告

  • 不要用柠檬汁美白皮肤。它的效果并未得到证实，而且可能会导致肤色更不均匀。 [26]
  • 有的人声称苹果醋有助于去除色斑，但是没有科学依据。另外，苹果醋会刺激皮肤，最好还是不要使用它。 [27]
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参考

  1. ↑ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3569896/
  2. ↑ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3569896/
  3. ↑ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18505528
  4. ↑ https://www.liveabout.com/yogurt-face-mask-recipes-346534
  5. ↑ https://www.asds.net/skin-experts/skin-conditions/hyperpigmentation
  6. ↑ https://www.aad.org/public/skin-hair-nails/anti-aging-skin-care/age-spots
  7. ↑ https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/324833.php
  8. ↑ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22495441
  9. ↑ https://www.health.com/beauty/how-to-use-concealer
  1. ↑ https://www.health.com/beauty/how-to-use-concealer
  2. ↑ https://www.allure.com/story/cover-every-pimple
  3. ↑ https://www.allure.com/story/cover-every-pimple
  4. ↑ https://www.allure.com/story/cover-every-pimple
  5. ↑ https://www.aad.org/public/skin-hair-nails/anti-aging-skin-care/age-spots
  6. ↑ https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/324833.php
  7. ↑ https://www.aad.org/public/skin-hair-nails/anti-aging-skin-care/age-spots
  8. ↑ https://www.asds.net/skin-experts/skin-treatments/chemical-peels
  9. ↑ https://www.aad.org/public/skin-hair-nails/anti-aging-skin-care/age-spots
  10. ↑ https://www.asds.net/skin-experts/skin-treatments/laser-light-therapy
  11. ↑ https://www.aad.org/public/skin-hair-nails/anti-aging-skin-care/age-spots
  12. ↑ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17014635
  13. ↑ https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/acne-and-rosacea/acne-in-skin-of-color
  14. ↑ https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/acne-and-rosacea/acne-in-skin-of-color
  15. ↑ https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/acne-and-rosacea/acne-in-skin-of-color
  16. ↑ https://www.aad.org/public/skin-hair-nails/anti-aging-skin-care/age-spots
  17. ↑ https://www.asds.net/skin-experts/skin-conditions/hyperpigmentation
  18. ↑ https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/324833.php

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