如何哺育野生雏鸟

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共同创作者是 Jeff Jones

参考

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雏鸟虽惹人爱怜，但始终是野生动物。对野生动物而言，不干涉它们的生活便是最好的救助，更何况饲养野生鸟类可能会触犯法律。 [1] 如果遇到紧急情况不得不饲育雏鸟，可以阅读下文，学习如何照顾这些毛茸茸的小家伙。

部分 1
部分 1 的 3:

确定雏鸟是否需要救助

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    接触雏鸟前，先戴好手套。雏鸟嘴尖喙利，可能会伤人。戴手套能保护你免受伤害。 [2]
  2. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images_en\/thumb\/e\/ef\/Feed-Wild-Baby-Birds-Step-2-Version-3.jpg\/v4-460px-Feed-Wild-Baby-Birds-Step-2-Version-3.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/e\/ef\/Feed-Wild-Baby-Birds-Step-2-Version-3.jpg\/v4-728px-Feed-Wild-Baby-Birds-Step-2-Version-3.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}
    刚会飞的雏鸟羽翼丰满，尚未离巢的幼鸟则身无片羽。 [3]
  3. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images_en\/thumb\/4\/43\/Feed-Wild-Baby-Birds-Step-3-Version-3.jpg\/v4-460px-Feed-Wild-Baby-Birds-Step-3-Version-3.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/4\/43\/Feed-Wild-Baby-Birds-Step-3-Version-3.jpg\/v4-728px-Feed-Wild-Baby-Birds-Step-3-Version-3.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}
    刚会飞的雏鸟常会离开巢穴，外出活动。如果雏鸟羽翼已丰，则说明它正在练习飞行，离开鸟巢也很正常。即便是在地上，雏鸟的双亲也会继续哺育它。 [4]
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    尚未离巢的幼鸟羽翼未丰，亟需人类的帮助。如果发现这样的幼鸟，及时将它送回鸟巢，鸟巢应该就在附近。如果找不到鸟巢，可以参考下文，寻求帮助。 [5]
    • 留心其它雏鸟的叫声。亲鸟回巢喂食时，雏鸟会啼鸣乞食。你可以循声前往，找到鸟巢。
    • 捡起雏鸟时，一只手托住它的腹部和爪子，另一只手则扶着脑袋和后背。亲鸟不会因为人类的触碰而拒绝雏鸟归巢，所以无须担心。 [6]
    • 将雏鸟捧在手心，直到雏鸟体温恢复正常。 [7]
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    如果鸟巢中的其它雏鸟都已死亡，说明雏鸟已成孤儿，亟需人类的救助。
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    若雏鸟能稳稳地抓住你的手指，则表明它已经开始练习飞行，否则便是尚未离巢的幼鸟。 [8]
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    如果不放心，可以在接下来的几个小时观察鸟巢，看亲鸟是否归巢。观察的时候注意与鸟巢保持距离，否则亲鸟可能会因为害怕而不归巢。 [9]
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    鸟巢可能会因为风暴、食肉动物或人为原因而被损毁。如果找不到鸟巢，可以临时制作一个。你可以用小塑料盒搭巢，在盒内放一些柔软的东西，比如抹布、小毛巾或小毯子。 [10]
    • 在发现幼鸟的地方找个阴凉处，用来安置鸟巢。你可以将鸟巢钉在树上。将雏鸟放入鸟巢，让它保持爪子朝下的卧姿。 [11]
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    处理完雏鸟后，仔细洗手。鸟类可能会携带疾病，安置雏鸟后记得洗手。 [12]
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部分 2
部分 2 的 3:

确定是否需要专业救援

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    如果亲鸟在几小时内未能归巢，或者你确定亲鸟已经死亡，及时拨打救援电话，寻求专业人士的帮助。 [13]
  2. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images_en\/thumb\/0\/0a\/Feed-Wild-Baby-Birds-Step-11-Version-2.jpg\/v4-460px-Feed-Wild-Baby-Birds-Step-11-Version-2.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/0\/0a\/Feed-Wild-Baby-Birds-Step-11-Version-2.jpg\/v4-728px-Feed-Wild-Baby-Birds-Step-11-Version-2.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}
    行动不便和难以振翅都是雏鸟受伤的症状。如果雏鸟浑身战栗，则说明它的健康状况不容乐观。如果发现雏鸟受伤，及时寻求专业援助。 [14]
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    随意饲育野生鸟类是违法行为，只有获得有关机构和政府的许可，才能饲育野生鸟类。 [15]
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    野生动物保护中心能为雏鸟提供专业照护。你可以在本地野生动物保护网站上查找信息，或者联系本地兽医和动物收容所，了解野生动物保护中心的情况。 [16]
    • 向专业人士咨询如何饲喂雏鸟，如何让它保持温暖。多问些问题，比如：“还有那些注意事项需要我留心的？”
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部分 3
部分 3 的 3:

确定雏鸟种类和进行饲育

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    饲育野生鸟类可能会触犯法律，如果饲育者缺乏专业知识，雏鸟极有可能死亡。雏鸟每隔20分钟就需要进食一次，照顾它们绝非易事。除此之外，亲鸟可以教授雏鸟捕食和御敌的生存技巧，而饲育者很难做到这一点。 [17]
    • 雏鸟可能会对饲育者产生依赖。长期以往，它们会失去警戒心，无法回归自然。 [18]
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    你可以在网上搜寻鸟类图鉴，然后与雏鸟进行比对。较为常用的鸟类图鉴包括康奈尔大学鸟类实验室图鉴 [19] ，还有奥杜邦北美鸟类指南。 [20]
    • 如果能看到亲鸟，就能更准确地确定雏鸟的种类。如果亲鸟就在附近，你就无需将雏鸟带回家哺育。鸟类有哺育后代的天性，会细心呵护自己的雏鸟。
  3. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images_en\/thumb\/5\/52\/Feed-Wild-Baby-Birds-Step-16.jpg\/v4-460px-Feed-Wild-Baby-Birds-Step-16.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/5\/52\/Feed-Wild-Baby-Birds-Step-16.jpg\/v4-728px-Feed-Wild-Baby-Birds-Step-16.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}
    在饮食习惯上，同类的雏鸟和成鸟颇为相似。举个例子，北美红雀喜食种子， [21] 乌鸦则食性复杂，不论是坚果浆果，还是昆虫小兽，都可以成为它的美食。 [22]
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    如果雏鸟是杂食性鸟类，你可以用猫粮或狗粮喂它们。 [23] 很多野生鸟类都是杂食动物，而雏鸟常以昆虫为食。富含动物蛋白的食物，比如猫粮狗粮，都是喂养雏鸟的优质饲料。 [24]
    • 喂食干饲料前，先泡水软化。将饲料浸泡一小时左右，让它们保持松软状态。切忌给雏鸟喂食水分过多的饲料，以免雏鸟肺内呛水死亡。 [25]
    • 将饲料揉成小球。将饲料揉成豌豆大小的颗粒，然后喂给雏鸟。你可以将吸管末端切开，做成勺状的喂食工具，也可以用冰棍棒或筷子给雏鸟喂食。 [26] 如果喂的是猫粮狗粮，将大块的饲料研碎。不论喂何种饲料，都要揉成豌豆大小。 [27]
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    对只吃种子的雏鸟，可用种子制成的饵料喂养。这种饵料常被用来饲喂鹦鹉幼鸟，在各大宠物店均有销售。 [28]
    • 用注射器吸取饲料，然后通过雏鸟的声门注入胃内。 [29] 雏鸟的声门位于气管附近。雏鸟口内的小孔就是声门，位于喉咙后侧（雏鸟呼吸时，气管会在此处张开）。喂食时将注射器顶端推入声门，切忌让水或食物进入雏鸟的气管。 [30]
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    雏鸟咕咕乞食表明它们很饿；如果它们并未表现出强烈的进食欲望，则表示它们已经吃饱了。 [31]
  7. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images_en\/thumb\/2\/2f\/Feed-Wild-Baby-Birds-Step-20.jpg\/v4-460px-Feed-Wild-Baby-Birds-Step-20.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/2\/2f\/Feed-Wild-Baby-Birds-Step-20.jpg\/v4-728px-Feed-Wild-Baby-Birds-Step-20.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}
    充分浸泡过的饲料足以为雏鸟提供所需的水分，尚未离巢的幼鸟绝不能喂水。给雏鸟喂水可能会导致呼吸困难，甚至是死亡。 [32]
    • 如果雏鸟出现脱水症状，可以喂少许佳得乐饮料或乳酸林格氏液。将上述饮品滴一滴在手指上，然后涂在鸟喙上，让雏鸟吮吸。口部干燥和皮肤发红都是鸟类常见的脱水症状。用手轻捏雏鸟后颈的皮肤，如果皮肤无法迅速恢复原状，表明雏鸟处于脱水状态。 [33]
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    只有不断进食，雏鸟才能保持体力。 [34] 夜间无需喂食。 [35]
  9. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images_en\/thumb\/d\/d5\/Feed-Wild-Baby-Birds-Step-22.jpg\/v4-460px-Feed-Wild-Baby-Birds-Step-22.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/d\/d5\/Feed-Wild-Baby-Birds-Step-22.jpg\/v4-728px-Feed-Wild-Baby-Birds-Step-22.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}
    尽量少接触雏鸟，不要将它当宠物对待。避免雏鸟对你产生依赖，以便日后放生。 [36]
    • 饲育过程中，雏鸟很容易对人类产生依赖感，小于两周的幼鸟会更容易对人产生感情。 [37]
  10. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images_en\/thumb\/b\/b2\/Feed-Wild-Baby-Birds-Step-23.jpg\/v4-460px-Feed-Wild-Baby-Birds-Step-23.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/b\/b2\/Feed-Wild-Baby-Birds-Step-23.jpg\/v4-728px-Feed-Wild-Baby-Birds-Step-23.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}
    4周大的雏鸟会学习进食，等它们能自行进食则还需一个月甚至更久。在此阶段，人工喂食必不可缺。你也可以在笼中放一小碟饲料和少许水，锻炼雏鸟自行进食。 [38]
    • 假以时日，雏鸟便不再需要人工饲育了。 [39]
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    数周之后，雏鸟便会长出羽毛，开始学习飞行。只有羽翼丰满并学会飞翔的雏鸟才能在野外存活。耐心饲育，等雏鸟长大后再放生。 [40]
    • 雏鸟和成鸟的饲料有所不同。如果想将雏鸟养至成鸟，记得及时更换饲料。 [41]
    • 雏鸟长大后会蹦出盒子。此时可以将雏鸟移至笼中。 [42]
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警告

  • 了解哪些食物对鸟类有害。某些食物可能会危及鸟类健康。举个例子，大多数鸟类都不能喝牛奶。
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参考

  1. ↑ http://www.healthcentral.com/chronic-pain/exercise-515640-5.html
  2. ↑ http://www.rspca.org.uk/adviceandwelfare/wildlife/orphanedanimals/youngbirds
  3. ↑ http://www.rspca.org.uk/adviceandwelfare/wildlife/orphanedanimals/youngbirds
  4. ↑ http://www.rspca.org.uk/adviceandwelfare/wildlife/orphanedanimals/youngbirds
  5. ↑ http://www.rspca.org.uk/adviceandwelfare/wildlife/orphanedanimals/youngbirds
  6. ↑ http://www.marathonwildbirdcenter.org/baby_birds.html
  7. ↑ http://wildlifecenter.org/baby-bird
  8. ↑ http://www.birds.cornell.edu/AllAboutBirds/faq/master_folder/attracting/challenges/orphaned
  9. ↑ http://www.birds.cornell.edu/AllAboutBirds/faq/master_folder/attracting/challenges/orphaned
  1. ↑ http://wdfw.wa.gov/conservation/health/rehabilitation/baby_birds.html
  2. ↑ http://wdfw.wa.gov/conservation/health/rehabilitation/baby_birds.html
  3. ↑ http://wdfw.wa.gov/conservation/health/rehabilitation/baby_birds.html
  4. ↑ http://wdfw.wa.gov/conservation/health/rehabilitation/baby_birds.html
  5. ↑ http://wdfw.wa.gov/conservation/health/rehabilitation/baby_birds.html
  6. ↑ http://wildlifecenter.org/baby-bird
  7. ↑ http://wildlifecenter.org/baby-bird
  8. ↑ http://www.birds.cornell.edu/AllAboutBirds/faq/master_folder/attracting/challenges/orphaned
  9. ↑ http://www.birds.cornell.edu/AllAboutBirds/faq/master_folder/attracting/challenges/orphaned
  10. ↑ http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/search
  11. ↑ http://birds.audubon.org/birdid
  12. ↑ http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Northern_Cardinal/lifehistory
  13. ↑ http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/American_Crow/lifehistory#at_food
  14. ↑ http://www.marathonwildbirdcenter.org/baby_birds.html
  15. ↑ http://www.starlingtalk.com/dogfood.htm
  16. ↑ http://www.marathonwildbirdcenter.org/baby_birds.html
  17. ↑ http://www.starlingtalk.com/dogfood.htm
  18. ↑ http://www.marathonwildbirdcenter.org/baby_birds.html
  19. ↑ http://www.marathonwildbirdcenter.org/baby_birds.html
  20. ↑ http://www.marathonwildbirdcenter.org/baby_birds.html
  21. ↑ http://www.themodernapprentice.com/trachea.htm
  22. ↑ http://www.2ndchance.info/insecteater.htm
  23. ↑ http://www.2ndchance.info/insecteater.htm
  24. ↑ http://www.starlingtalk.com/babycare.htm
  25. ↑ http://www.birds.cornell.edu/AllAboutBirds/faq/master_folder/attracting/challenges/orphaned
  26. ↑ http://www.birds.cornell.edu/AllAboutBirds/faq/master_folder/attracting/challenges/orphaned
  27. ↑ http://www.starlingtalk.com/babycare.htm
  28. ↑ http://www.starlingtalk.com/babycare.htm
  29. ↑ http://www.starlingtalk.com/babycare.htm
  30. ↑ http://www.starlingtalk.com/babycare.htm
  31. ↑ http://www.birds.cornell.edu/AllAboutBirds/faq/master_folder/attracting/challenges/orphaned
  32. ↑ http://www.starlingtalk.com/babycare.htm
  33. ↑ http://www.starlingtalk.com/babycare.htm

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