如何对断指进行急救

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共同创作者是 Jonas DeMuro, MD

参考

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手指断了是非常严重的事故，如果你是第一个到达现场的人，就要确保伤员的伤情不再加重。在那之后，你的首要任务是止血和保存断指，方便医生进行断指再植手术。

方法 1
方法 1 的 3:

首要步骤

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    在帮助他人之前，先确保四周环境安全，避免将自己或他人置于危险之中。比如，检查让人受伤的机器是否还在运转。 [1]
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    要看他是否清醒，能不能够说话，你可以试着问他叫什么名字。 [2]
    • 如果伤员失去意识，就代表伤情十分严重，或是他休克了。
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    如果只有你在现场，请拨打911寻求帮助。如果还有其他人在，就叫其他人打电话。 [3]
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    在接着处理之前，你应该先判断患者伤情，确保没有其它更严重的伤。比如，检查患者身上是否有更加严重的伤口。 [4]
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    用柔和的声音和他说话，帮助他保持镇静。尽量不要让自己恐慌，缓慢地深呼吸，并要求伤员也这么做。 [5]
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方法 2
方法 2 的 3:

采取急救措施

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    如果方便的话，帮助伤员前，最好先戴上手套，防止自己感染血液传播疾病。有些急救药箱内会有手套。 [6]
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    如果伤口很脏，或有残余碎片，你可以用干净的流水清洗干净。如果身边没有水龙头，用水瓶倒水冲洗也可以。但是，如果发现有东西嵌入了伤口，不要去拔。 [7]
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    用干净的布或纱布压迫包扎伤口。 [8]
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    帮助伤员把受伤的那只手举过心脏，这可以放慢出血速度。 [9]
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    帮助伤员躺下，并在他身下铺一层毯子，给他保暖。 [10]
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    用力按住出血部位来止血，如果你按累了，就换其他人来按。如果血没有止住，要检查伤口是不是没有包扎好。 [11]
    • 如果你不能继续压迫伤口，可以用绷带加压包扎来止血。绷带不宜绑得过紧，否则时间长了会对伤员造成伤害。 [12] 用一块布或纱布缠住伤口，再贴上胶带就可以了。 [13]
    • 在医疗救援到来之前，要一直压迫受伤部位。
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方法 3
方法 3 的 3:

保存断指

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    轻轻冲洗断指（特别是在伤口看起来很脏的情况下）。 [14]
    • 如果你还在压迫伤口，就叫其他人来做这些。
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    如果可以，轻轻取下所有手饰，因为之后再想取下它们就难了。 [15]
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    用无菌生理盐水打湿一块干净毛巾（隐形眼镜护理液也可以），没有的话，用自来水或瓶装水也行，然后拧掉多余水分。 [16]
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    将包裹好的断指装入密封塑料袋中，封上口。 [17]
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    找一个小桶或大一点的密封塑料袋，倒入冰和水。把装有断指的塑料袋放入这一自制冰袋中。 [18]
    • 不要把断指直接放在冰块、冰水中，不然手指会冻伤，皮肤也会损坏。你也不能用干冰，因为干冰温度太低。 [19]
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    医疗救援到来后，把断指交给医务人员处理。
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小提示

  • 用冰块或冰水保存的断指（需放于密封塑料袋中）可以存活18小时，不冷藏只能存活4至6小时。 [20] 如果没有冷藏条件，至少要注意隔离热源。
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警告

  • 救命比保存断指更重要，所以任何时候一定要先救人。
  • 手指断了属于重伤，一定要立刻拨打急救电话。
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参考

  1. ↑ http://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/bhcv2/bhcarticles.nsf/pages/first_aid_basics?open
  2. ↑ http://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/bhcv2/bhcarticles.nsf/pages/first_aid_basics?open
  3. ↑ http://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/bhcv2/bhcarticles.nsf/pages/first_aid_basics?open
  4. ↑ http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000006.htm
  5. ↑ http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000006.htm
  6. ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-severe-bleeding/basics/art-20056661
  7. ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-severe-bleeding/basics/art-20056661
  8. ↑ http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000006.htm
  9. ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-severe-bleeding/basics/art-20056661
  1. ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-severe-bleeding/basics/art-20056661
  2. ↑ http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000006.htm
  3. ↑ http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000006.htm
  4. ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-severe-bleeding/basics/art-20056661
  5. ↑ http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000006.htm
  6. ↑ https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/injuries-and-poisoning/first-aid/severed-or-constricted-limbs-or-digits
  7. ↑ https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/injuries-and-poisoning/first-aid/severed-or-constricted-limbs-or-digits
  8. ↑ https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/injuries-and-poisoning/first-aid/severed-or-constricted-limbs-or-digits
  9. ↑ http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000006.htm
  10. ↑ www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000006.htm
  11. ↑ http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000006.htm

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