如何摆脱土拨鼠的侵袭

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共同创作者是 Elmer Bensinger

参考

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土拨鼠是阿拉斯加、加拿大和美国东部地区常见的花园害兽。 [1] 它们居住的地洞深可达5至13厘米，宽可达76厘米。 [2] 花园里食物资源丰富，少有食肉动物出没，且土质松软，适合挖掘地洞，是土拨鼠的理想居所。这些害兽每天要消耗约1斤的植物 [3] ，它们挖掘的地洞也会对建筑结构造成极大损害。 [4] [5] 幸运的是，你可以借助多种方法摆脱土拨鼠的侵扰。你可以设置陷阱抓捕它们，用毒烟熏死它们，或者彻底杀灭它们。你也可以通过改造花园和后院，打消土拨鼠在此安家的欲望。

方法 1
方法 1 的 4:

用人道的陷阱捕捉土拔鼠

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    用陷阱生擒土拨鼠并将它放生前，先咨询当地野生动物管理机构，看看这种做法是否合法。各地对放生野生动物都有不同规定。 [6]
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    将陷阱安置在土拨鼠洞穴的入口处。用水管在陷阱上撒些水，然后沾上一些泥土，以免被土拔鼠发现。 [7]
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    [8] 甜瓜是土拨鼠最喜欢的食物，因此很适合做诱饵。如果花园里某种植物被土拨鼠大量偷吃，也可以用这种植物做诱饵。 [9] 诱饵要尽量往陷阱里面放，这样土拨鼠才会深入其中。在陷阱上方放置砖块，防止土拨鼠将陷阱打翻。 [10]
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    在陷阱内外都放置一些树枝、泥土和树叶， [11] 然后安装触发器。陷阱种类不同，安装方法也不相同。仔细阅读陷阱包装上的说明。
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    掉入陷阱的土拨鼠情绪都很低落，如果长期置之不理，它们可能会因心情不悦而自戕。 [12] 捉到土拨鼠后，戴上厚手套移动陷阱，并与你的身体保持一定距离。
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    放生地点与家的距离至少要有8公里，还要适合土拨鼠生存。土拨鼠不太有攻击性，但在它逃出陷阱前，最好不要靠近它。 [13]
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方法 2
方法 2 的 4:

用毒气熏死土拔鼠

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    下毒不见得是最佳选择，很多人认为毒杀土拨鼠并不可取，因为会产生诸多负面影响。 [14] 在决定毒杀土拨鼠前，先请专业人士评估一下相关情况。
    • 被毒杀的动物会饱受苦痛折磨。中毒的土拨鼠可能会内出血、窒息等，然后在苦痛中慢性死亡。死亡的过程短则几小时，多则数天。 [15]
    • 用毒气熏死土拨鼠不太有效。大多数针对啮齿类动物的毒剂主要消灭老鼠，对付土拨鼠效果不太好。 [16]
    • 毒物也会危及人类和其它动物的生命安全。宠物可能会因此中毒，进而将毒物传播到人的身上。 [17]
    • 就算毒物没能伤及自身，你也得想办法处理土拨鼠的尸体。在地底腐烂的尸体会散发恶臭，还可能引来其它害虫害兽。 [18] [19]
    • 清理土拨鼠尸体的过程耗时费力，还很危险。 [20]
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    九月末十月初的时候，土拨鼠会进入冬眠期。这段时间它们会将巢穴封死，因此无法通过毒物将其熏杀。 [21]
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    然后在洞口放置一片切好的草皮。 [22]
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    毒气盒的品牌不一，安装和点燃的方法也不尽相同。 [23]
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    尽量把毒气盒塞到土拨鼠洞穴里面，但确保你还够得到它。不要用力丢。可用铲子的把手将毒气盒推远一些。 [24]
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    用脚踩实，将洞口封住。点燃毒气盒后静候五分钟，观察毒烟是否会从其它洞口冒出。如果有，用草皮将所有洞口封锁。 [25]
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方法 3
方法 3 的 4:

用其它方法杀灭土拨鼠

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    这种方法很残忍，因为掉入陷阱的土拨鼠可能会饱受折磨而死。安置陷阱的位置也是个难题，而陷阱本身也会对宠物和孩子造成伤害。陷阱种类不同，安装方法也有差异，要仔细阅读说明。 [26]
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    这种方法与毒烟和陷阱一样存在危险。毒物可能会危及宠物和人类健康，被毒杀的土拨鼠尸体深埋地下，难以处理。如果你坚持要毒杀土拨鼠，方法其实很简单，只要将毒药放在土拨鼠常出没的地方就可以了。 [27]
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    射杀土拨鼠的前提是居所必须处在偏远地区，你本人也得是个神枪手。被射伤的土拨鼠要比平常更具攻击性，如果得以逃脱，可能会伤到孩子和宠物，因此最好不要使用这种方法。 [28]
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方法 4
方法 4 的 4:

防止土拨鼠在你的花园定居

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    提前做好防治措施是处理土拨鼠的最佳方法，这样它们就不会在你的花园定居了。如果你的花园里已经有土拨鼠居住，那就先阅读前文。彻底消灭土拨鼠后，再阅读本章，确保土拨鼠不再侵扰你的花园。
    • 尽快收割蔬菜。 [29]
    • 清除花园里的石块和灌木丛，及时修剪长势过旺的草木，让土拨鼠无处藏身。 [30] 土拨鼠的天敌很多，所以会选择可藏身的栖身之所。
    • 清理树干，防止土拨鼠用它们磨牙。 [31]
    • 用石块或砂砾填充废弃的土拨鼠洞。 [32]
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    土拨鼠的近亲是松鼠，尽管两者外貌差异很大，但都很擅长攀爬。为了防止土拨鼠钻进花园，你需要修筑一道间隙不大于8厘米的围篱。围篱离地高度大约90至120厘米，埋入地底至少60厘米，顶部要弯曲成钩，不利于攀爬。 [33] 你也可以将围篱设置成“L”型深埋地下，以便更有效地阻挡土拨鼠的侵袭。 [34]
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    这么做可以让植物的口感变差。不过雨水会将泻盐冲刷殆尽，所以要定期给植物喷洒泻盐。 [35]
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    土拨鼠不大可能在有猎食者出没的花园里安家。家里养猫的人，可以将小块的猫粪均匀撒在花园里。如果家里没养猫，可以将泡过氨水的破布丢在花园里，氨的味道会让土拨鼠将破布误认为是猫的便溺。氨会破坏草地，你可以将沾了氨水的破布放在石块或木块上。 [36] 你也可以买些化学驱逐剂，但效果难以保证。 [37]
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小提示

  • 如果自己难以消灭土拨鼠，最好找专业人士帮忙。
  • 土拨鼠可能会携带狂犬病毒。如果你和宠物被土拨鼠咬伤，要尽快就医。 [38]
  • 土拨鼠不喜欢辣椒。
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参考

  1. ↑ http://farmersalmanac.com/home-garden/2011/08/08/pest-of-the-month-groundhogs
  2. ↑ http://farmersalmanac.com/home-garden/2011/08/08/pest-of-the-month-groundhogs
  3. ↑ http://www.doyourownpestcontrol.com/groundhog.htm
  4. ↑ http://www.aaanimalcontrol.com/professional-trapper/howtogetridofgroundhogs.htm
  5. ↑ http://www.wildlife-removal.com/groundhog.htm
  6. ↑ http://farmersalmanac.com/home-garden/2011/08/08/pest-of-the-month-groundhogs
  7. ↑ http://www.havahart.com/how-to-trap-groundhogs
  8. ↑ http://www.doyourownpestcontrol.com/groundhog.htm
  9. ↑ http://www.havahart.com/how-to-trap-groundhogs
  1. ↑ http://www.havahart.com/how-to-get-rid-of-groundhogs
  2. ↑ http://www.havahart.com/how-to-get-rid-of-groundhogs
  3. ↑ http://www.havahart.com/how-to-trap-groundhogs
  4. ↑ http://www.havahart.com/how-to-trap-groundhogs
  5. ↑ http://www.wildlifeanimalcontrol.com/groundhogs.html
  6. ↑ http://www.wildlife-removal.com/groundhog-poison.html
  7. ↑ http://www.wildlife-removal.com/groundhog-poison.html
  8. ↑ http://www.wildlife-removal.com/groundhog-poison.html
  9. ↑ http://www.wildlife-removal.com/groundhog-poison.html
  10. ↑ http://www.wildlifeanimalcontrol.com/groundhogkill.html
  11. ↑ http://www.wildlife-removal.com/groundhog-poison.html
  12. ↑ http://www.doyourownpestcontrol.com/groundhog.htm
  13. ↑ http://www.doyourownpestcontrol.com/groundhog.htm
  14. ↑ http://www.doyourownpestcontrol.com/groundhog.htm
  15. ↑ http://www.doyourownpestcontrol.com/groundhog.htm
  16. ↑ http://www.doyourownpestcontrol.com/groundhog.htm
  17. ↑ http://www.wildlifeanimalcontrol.com/groundhogkill.html
  18. ↑ http://www.wildlifeanimalcontrol.com/groundhogkill.html
  19. ↑ http://www.wildlifeanimalcontrol.com/groundhogkill.html
  20. ↑ http://www.doyourownpestcontrol.com/groundhog.htm
  21. ↑ http://www.doyourownpestcontrol.com/groundhog.htm
  22. ↑ http://www.doyourownpestcontrol.com/groundhog.htm
  23. ↑ http://www.doyourownpestcontrol.com/groundhog.htm
  24. ↑ http://farmersalmanac.com/home-garden/2011/08/08/pest-of-the-month-groundhogs
  25. ↑ http://www.havahart.com/how-to-get-rid-of-groundhogs
  26. ↑ http://www.wildlife-removal.com/groundhog-poison.html
  27. ↑ http://farmersalmanac.com/home-garden/2011/08/08/pest-of-the-month-groundhogs
  28. ↑ http://www.wildlifeanimalcontrol.com/groundhogrepellent.html
  29. ↑ http://www.aaanimalcontrol.com/professional-trapper/howtogetridofgroundhogs.htm

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