如何治疗腹股沟损伤

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共同创作者是 Luba Lee, FNP-BC, MS

参考

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腹股沟损伤引起的大腿内侧疼痛有轻微到严重之分，可能发生在任何年龄段。大腿内侧由5块肌肉组成，上端连接到盆骨，下端附着于膝盖上方。任何一个肌肉撕裂都会引起疼痛。治疗需要耐心，多休息，服用非处方成药，循序渐进地恢复活动。如果伤势严重或愈合缓慢，则需要就医治疗。

部分 1
部分 1 的 3:

立即缓解疼痛

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    尽快冰敷患处，以减轻肿胀，停止皮下出血，并避免瘀伤。 [1]
    • 在受伤后头24到72小时，每2到3小时冰敷1次，每次15分钟。 [2]
    • 不要直接让皮肤接触冰块。使用冰袋、用袋子装着的碎冰或豌豆等冷冻蔬菜，而且要先用布或毛巾裹着。 [3]
    • 受伤后几天和恢复活动后，继续每天冰敷3到4次，或者每次进行轻微活动后冰敷。 [4]
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    究竟要停止进行体力活动多久呢？这一点必须视腹股沟损伤的严重程度而定。 [5]
    • 轻微至中度的腹股沟拉伤至少需要休息2到4周。严重的伤势则需要休息至少6到8周或更久，才可以充分恢复。 [6]
    • 至少停止进行体力活动5到7天，好让患处开始愈合。之后再次评估疼痛程度，逐步恢复体育活动。 [7]
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    这能进一步减轻肿胀，并稳固受伤的肌肉。 [8]
    • 腹股沟专用护具尤其有帮助。它刚好贴合腹股沟部位，不会太紧，不用担心会切断有关部位的血液循环。大部分药房都有卖这类护具。
    • 你也可以使用弹性绷带或腹股沟绑带，但是要小心，不要绑得太紧。 [9]
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    这有助于预防肿胀，确保患处有充足的血液流动。 [10]
    • 尽量多用卷起的毛巾、被单或枕头抬高受伤的腿。让患处高于臀部。 [11]
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    受伤后过了几天，如果时间允许，可以在每次冰敷后进行热敷。 [12]
    • 热敷有助于减轻腹股沟损伤引起的一些疼痛和不适。 [13]
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    有消炎止痛作用的药物包括布洛芬、萘普生和阿司匹林。 [14]
    • 非处方扑热息痛能止痛，但是对炎症没有帮助。
    • 遵循医生或产品标签上的指示。
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    腹股沟拉伤或损伤的症状可能和其它状况相似，比如运动型疝气。 [15] 展开治疗前，确认你面对的是腹股沟损伤，而不是其它状况。
    • 腹股沟拉伤或损伤的常见症状包括肌肉紧绷或痉挛，突然剧痛，肌肉收缩或拉伸时会痛。 [16]
    • 伤势严重的话，只是走路都极度疼痛。 [17]
    • 运动型疝气的症状包括下腹和腹股沟疼痛，咳嗽或打喷嚏时会痛，在做体力活动的时候，迟迟不愈的腹股沟疼痛会突然发作。 [18]
    • 股骨或耻骨疲劳性骨折可能引起腹股沟疼痛，并扩散到臀部。 [19] 你很可能会在傍晚感到疼痛，触痛和肿胀，而且休息、冰敷、压迫和抬高患处无法改善症状。 [20]
    • 出现睾丸疼痛、麻木、刺痛、肿胀加剧、泌尿道症状和发烧时，一定要马上去看医生，检查是否有其它潜在病因。
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    如果症状轻微，你不清楚自己面对哪一种损伤，可以通过内收运动确认腹股沟是否受伤。 [21]
    • 这个内收运动需要将一个轻的物体放在双腿之间，比如健身球。双腿轻轻挤压健身球，如果会痛，很可能是腹股沟拉伤了。 [22]
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    随着动作或运动而恶化的钝痛可能是疝气，而不是腹股沟损伤。 [23]
    • 疝气的其它症状包括下腹或腹股沟上部隆起。这是因为部分肠道从薄弱的腹壁肌肉组织伸入另一个部位。 [24]
    • 疝气需要就医治疗。 [25]
部分 2
部分 2 的 3:

就医治疗

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    大腿内收肌群由5大肌肉组成。 [26]
    • 内收指的是往身体中心靠拢。需要跑、踢、冲刺、迅速改变位置、很用力做交叉动作的运动员经常会弄伤内收肌群，比如足球员。 [27]
    • 5大内收肌分别是耻骨肌、内收短肌、内收长肌、股薄肌和内收大肌。 [28]
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    腹股沟损伤按伤势分级。 [29]
    • 一级损伤比较轻微，是五大内收肌其中一个或多个肌肉过度拉伸造成的，患处的肌纤维细微撕裂。 [30]
    • 二级损伤最常见，肌肉组织部分撕裂。 [31]
    • 三级损伤最严重，引起更剧烈的疼痛，是五大内收肌其中一个或多个肌肉完全撕裂造成的。 [32]
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    恢复期的时间长短取决于你的伤势。 [33] 很多时候，肌肉组织需要长达6到8周或更久，才能充分愈合。 [34]
    • 一定要在医生指示的时间内好好修养，以免再次弄伤肌肉。
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    如果你觉得症状恶化，或者在合理的时间内没有任何改善，疼痛可能是其它原因造成的。 [35]
    • 依照指示去看医生，检查迟迟不愈的不适症状，弄清楚是否有其它潜在病因。 [36]
    • 密切留意疼痛症状。如果症状没有任何改善或效果甚微，疼痛在受伤头几天后恶化，一定要去看医生。 [37]
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    睾丸里面或周围部位扭转、隆起或有肿块，都需要就医治疗。 [38]
    • 下腹上下和左右两侧疼痛，或者疼痛蔓延到腹股沟，也需要去看医生。 [39]
部分 3
部分 3 的 3:

防止伤势恶化

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    将症状严重程度作为恢复活动的指南。 [40] 在还疼痛的时候就匆匆恢复运动，会引起后续伤害。 [41]
    • 只要有任何疼痛，都要避免活动。如果你有任何疼痛，不要快速走路、慢跑或跑步。 [42]
    • 疼痛消退后，以非常缓慢的速度逐步恢复活动，以免伤势恶化。 [43]
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    开始恢复活动后，留意身体发出的信号，尊重身体的极限。运动的时候，一旦出现超出正常范围的疼痛，就立刻停止运动。 [44] 运动的时候需要挑战身体，但是不要太过强迫自己，导致再次受伤。
    • 要是活动期间感到疼痛，那就降低强度或减少时长，之后再以更加缓慢的速度恢复活动。 [45] 你可能会感到挫败，但是更令人泄气的是再次受伤，导致自己完全无法参加比赛。
    • 持续疼痛意味着患处有很大可能会再次受伤，或者可能有其它潜在损伤。降低运动强度或减少时长，直到疼痛症状得到缓解。如果疼痛持续，不妨去看医生。 [46]
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    将参与体育活动所需要做的动作慢慢地做一遍。 [47]
    • 重新积极参与体育运动之前，试着缓慢而刻意地移动，避开重力或摩擦，确认肌肉是否真的不痛了。 [48]
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    找一个对你参与的体育活动有丰富经验的教练，不止能帮助你完全恢复运动能力，还可以指导正确的热身和拉伸活动，以免你日后再次受伤。
  5. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images_en\/thumb\/4\/42\/Treat-a-Groin-Injury-Step-19.jpg\/v4-460px-Treat-a-Groin-Injury-Step-19.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/4\/42\/Treat-a-Groin-Injury-Step-19.jpg\/v4-728px-Treat-a-Groin-Injury-Step-19.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}
    进行体力活动之前，没有做适当的热身和拉伸运动，是造成腹股沟损伤的主要原因之一。 [49]
    • 拉伸运动可以放松内收肌，帮助它为接下来的运动做好准备。运动前进行充分热身，能促进血液流向肌肉，让它做好准备在压力下工作。 [50]
    • 按摩有关部位也能促进血液流动，让关节热起来。
    • 在运动前后或参加体育活动之前，简单地拉伸腹股沟部位。坐在地上，后背轻轻靠墙。脚底并拢，往腹股沟的方向拉。膝盖轻柔缓慢地朝地板移动。保持这个拉伸姿势20秒，然后重复一次。 [51]
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    在恢复活动的头几周，继续在运动后采取冰敷、加压包扎和休息三大策略。 [52]
    • 运动后继续热敷，帮助减轻残余的疼痛感。 [53]

小提示

  • 避开已知的风险。在沙滩等凹凸不平的地面跑步，是腹股沟损伤的主要原因之一。
  • 即使不是运动员，任何年龄段的人都有可能弄伤腹股沟。年纪较大并患有髋关节炎的成人，也很容易遭受腹股沟疼痛和损伤。不管你多少岁，只要大腿上部肌肉疼痛，都要就医检查。
  • 只要疼痛在自己可以承受的范围内，可以试着在恢复期游泳。水会支撑你的体重，所以你可以轻轻移动双腿，开始恢复肌肉活动。

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参考

  1. ↑ http://www.sportsinjuryclinic.net/sport-injuries/hip-groin-pain/groin-strain
  2. ↑ http://www.sportsinjuryclinic.net/sport-injuries/hip-groin-pain/groin-strain/rehabilitation-of-a-groin-strain
  3. ↑ http://www.sportsinjuryclinic.net/sport-injuries/hip-groin-pain/groin-strain/rehabilitation-of-a-groin-strain
  4. ↑ http://www.physioadvisor.com.au/9464750/groin-strain-adductor-strain-physioadvisor.htm
  5. ↑ http://www.mountsinai.org/patient-care/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/groin-strain
  6. ↑ http://www.sportsinjuryclinic.net/sport-injuries/hip-groin-pain/groin-strain/rehabilitation-of-a-groin-strain
  7. ↑ http://www.sportsinjuryclinic.net/sport-injuries/hip-groin-pain/groin-strain/rehabilitation-of-a-groin-strain
  8. ↑ http://www.mountsinai.org/patient-care/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/groin-strain
  9. ↑ http://www.sportsinjuryclinic.net/sport-injuries/hip-groin-pain/groin-strain/rehabilitation-of-a-groin-strain
  1. ↑ http://www.mountsinai.org/patient-care/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/groin-strain
  2. ↑ http://www.drugs.com/cg/groin-strain-aftercare-instructions.html
  3. ↑ http://www.mountsinai.org/patient-care/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/groin-strain
  4. ↑ http://www.mountsinai.org/patient-care/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/groin-strain
  5. ↑ http://www.coreperformance.com/knowledge/injury-pain/groin-strain.html
  6. ↑ http://www.physioadvisor.com.au/9464750/groin-strain-adductor-strain-physioadvisor.htm
  7. ↑ http://www.physioadvisor.com.au/9464750/groin-strain-adductor-strain-physioadvisor.htm
  8. ↑ http://www.physioadvisor.com.au/9464750/groin-strain-adductor-strain-physioadvisor.htm
  9. ↑ http://www.totalperformancept.com/2013/02/15/groin-strain-or-sports-hernia/
  10. ↑ http://www.sports-health.com/sports-injuries/groin-injuries/common-types-groin-injury
  11. ↑ http://www.sports-health.com/sports-injuries/groin-injuries/common-types-groin-injury
  12. ↑ http://www.physioadvisor.com.au/9464750/groin-strain-adductor-strain-physioadvisor.htm
  13. ↑ http://www.physioadvisor.com.au/9464750/groin-strain-adductor-strain-physioadvisor.htm
  14. ↑ http://www.physioadvisor.com.au/9464750/groin-strain-adductor-strain-physioadvisor.htm
  15. ↑ http://www.physioadvisor.com.au/9464750/groin-strain-adductor-strain-physioadvisor.htm
  16. ↑ http://www.physioadvisor.com.au/9464750/groin-strain-adductor-strain-physioadvisor.htm
  17. ↑ http://www.sportsinjuryclinic.net/sport-injuries/hip-groin-pain/groin-strain
  18. ↑ http://www.sportsinjuryclinic.net/sport-injuries/hip-groin-pain/groin-strain
  19. ↑ http://www.sportsinjuryclinic.net/sport-injuries/hip-groin-pain/groin-strain
  20. ↑ http://www.mountsinai.org/patient-care/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/groin-strain
  21. ↑ http://www.mountsinai.org/patient-care/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/groin-strain
  22. ↑ http://www.mountsinai.org/patient-care/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/groin-strain
  23. ↑ http://www.mountsinai.org/patient-care/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/groin-strain
  24. ↑ http://www.mountsinai.org/patient-care/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/groin-strain
  25. ↑ http://www.sportsinjuryclinic.net/sport-injuries/hip-groin-pain/groin-strain/rehabilitation-of-a-groin-strain
  26. ↑ http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003111.htm
  27. ↑ http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003111.htm
  28. ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/groin-pain/basics/causes/sym-20050652
  29. ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/groin-pain/basics/causes/sym-20050652
  30. ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/groin-pain/basics/causes/sym-20050652
  31. ↑ http://www.sportsinjuryclinic.net/sport-injuries/hip-groin-pain/groin-strain/rehabilitation-of-a-groin-strain
  32. ↑ http://www.sportsinjuryclinic.net/sport-injuries/hip-groin-pain/groin-strain/rehabilitation-of-a-groin-strain
  33. ↑ http://www.sportsinjuryclinic.net/sport-injuries/hip-groin-pain/groin-strain/rehabilitation-of-a-groin-strain
  34. ↑ http://www.sportsinjuryclinic.net/sport-injuries/hip-groin-pain/groin-strain/rehabilitation-of-a-groin-strain
  35. ↑ http://www.physioadvisor.com.au/9464750/groin-strain-adductor-strain-physioadvisor.htm
  36. ↑ http://www.physioadvisor.com.au/9464750/groin-strain-adductor-strain-physioadvisor.htm
  37. ↑ http://www.physioadvisor.com.au/9464750/groin-strain-adductor-strain-physioadvisor.htm
  38. ↑ http://www.sportsinjuryclinic.net/sport-injuries/hip-groin-pain/groin-strain/rehabilitation-of-a-groin-strain
  39. ↑ http://www.sportsinjuryclinic.net/sport-injuries/hip-groin-pain/groin-strain/rehabilitation-of-a-groin-strain
  40. ↑ http://www.sportsinjuryclinic.net/sport-injuries/hip-groin-pain/groin-strain/stretching-for-a-groin-strain
  41. ↑ http://www.sportsinjuryclinic.net/sport-injuries/hip-groin-pain/groin-strain/stretching-for-a-groin-strain
  42. ↑ http://www.sportsinjuryclinic.net/sport-injuries/hip-groin-pain/groin-strain/stretching-for-a-groin-strain
  43. ↑ http://www.physioadvisor.com.au/9464750/groin-strain-adductor-strain-physioadvisor.htm
  44. ↑ http://www.mountsinai.org/patient-care/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/groin-strain

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