如何盆栽黄瓜

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共同创作者是 Erin Hostetler

参考

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盆栽黄瓜不容易，它们需要很高的垂直空间。不过，只要不选攀爬品种而选灌木品种，并且用木杆或棚架给黄瓜提供生长空间，盆栽黄瓜也并非不可能。要想让盆栽黄瓜长得好，还要使用排水良好的营养土壤，并在整个生长季节保持土壤湿润。

部分 1
部分 1 的 3:

准备花盆

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    一般来说，灌木品种比攀爬品种更容易在花盆里生长，攀爬品种需要有棚架供其攀爬蔓延。挑选适合盆栽的品种，成功的可能会更大。 [1]
    • 非常适合盆栽的品种包括Salad Bush Hybrid、Bush Champion、Spacemaster、Hybrid Bush Crop、Baby Bush、Bush Pickle和Potluck。
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    花盆的直径至少得有25cm，深度也得达到25cm。如果你想在同一个花盆里种植两颗以上，要用直径至少为51cm、容量为19升的花盆。 [2]
    • 如果要放在室外，尽量选择更大的容器。可以更有效地保留水分。 [3]
    • 如果要给黄瓜搭棚架，可以用方形种植箱。
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    虽然黄瓜喜欢水，但积水会导致烂根。最好找已经有排水孔的花盆。把花盆翻过来，看看它底部是否有孔。 [4]
    • 如果花盆没有排水孔，可以用钻头打孔。钻头要选可以用于陶器的开孔钻头，或者用于玻璃表面的瓷砖和玻璃钻头。要选择直径为6到13毫米的钻头。
    • 把油漆胶布贴在要钻孔的花盆底部。油漆胶布能让钻头不容易偏。把钻头轻轻扎进胶布，然后慢慢启动钻头。缓慢而稳定地向胶布区域轻轻施加压力，直到钻头穿过花盆。重复上面的操作，至少再钻一个洞。
    • 如果按得太用力或钻得太快，花盆可能会破。 [5]
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    花盆可能含有导致植物腐烂的细菌。如果花盆种过别的植物，可能会有隐藏的昆虫卵孵化，威胁黄瓜的健康生长。
    • 用抹布或洗碗刷和肥皂水彻底擦洗花盆。多冲洗几次，确保把所有肥皂都冲掉。
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    爬藤黄瓜需要棚架或木杆来生长。尽管灌木黄瓜不需要木杆，但有架子对它们还是很有好处。要自己制作的话，找三根长木杆或竹竿，把它们束在一起，用绳子或纱线系起来。将木杆的底端展开，撑成帐篷形状。
    • 也可以买那种圆锥形或帐篷式的金属杆，大多数五金和园艺用品商店都有卖。
    • 让黄瓜从一开始就沿着木杆攀爬。
    • 将木杆放入花盆，在里面展开。架杆应该接触到花盆的底部。在没有额外支撑的情况下，木杆应该自己就能站住。如果有些摇晃，那就要调整底端，让它们保持平衡。
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    如果你想自己配土，可以试试1份沙子、1份堆肥和1份泥炭苔或椰壳混合。要不就选择种植蔬菜专用的预混盆栽土。 [6]
    • 把混合土填入花盆，小心地在木杆周围拍打。不要拍得太瓷实，黄瓜这类植物的根部需要松散的土壤才适宜生长。土壤表面距和花盆边缘之间大约2.5厘米。
    • 检查木杆。试着在花盆里摇动木杆。如果它会来回晃动，那就填入更多混合土来稳定它。
    • 可以在本地园艺店寻找盆栽混合土和盆栽土材料。
    • 不要使用园土，因为它们可能会被细菌和害虫污染。
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    使用氮磷钾比例为5-10-5或14-14-14的缓释配方肥料。每种品牌和类型的肥料有很大差异，最好按标签建议的比例将它们混合到土壤中。 [7]
    • 或者使用已混入肥料的盆栽土。
    • 肥料包装上的数字表示肥料的氮、磷和钾含量。每种元素为植物的不同部分提供滋养。
    • 5-10-5肥料对于黄瓜来说很温和，主要可以提高蔬菜产量。而14-14-14的肥料可以保持植物健康平衡，虽然浓度更高，但对黄瓜来说还是安全的。
    • 选择有机肥作为安全环保的肥料。
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部分 2
部分 2 的 3:

种植种子和幼苗

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    黄瓜需要土壤至少21°C才能生长。在许多地区，7月份开始下种的话，预计9月能收获。如果你住在温暖的地区，可以提前开始下种。等到最后一次霜冻过后至少2周才开始种植。 [8]
    • 如果是在室内种植，随时都可以下种。
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    洞的深度和宽度相等。可以用小拇指或铅笔的圆头来挖洞。 [9]
    • 如果花盆面积较大，将孔均匀地分布在花盆边缘周围，或均匀地分布在方形种植箱上，具体取决于尺寸和形状。
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    多放几颗种子，以保证成功。放这么多种子意味着一旦植物长出来，就需要分株，但这样更有希望确保发芽。 [10]
    • 黄瓜幼苗不喜欢被触碰或从容器中取出来。选择放在可可椰壳纤维或泥炭等有机容器里，这样可以将容器和幼苗一起种在土里，避免过多地触碰幼苗。它的根会穿过有机容器生长。
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    将土壤松散地盖在种子上。不要将土壤压入洞中，这样做可能会损坏种子。完成后可以轻轻拍一拍土。
    • 种植幼苗的时候，围着容器周围把孔填上土，然后从上面往下拍打。
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    如果室外气温仍然不高，可以给每株植物做一个罩来保护它们。从大塑料瓶上切下顶部和底部，用热肥皂水彻底清洗。在每个幼苗上放一个，把塑料罩压入土壤表面，以免被吹走。 [11]
    • 这样的罩子既能保暖防风，还能防止害虫。
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    种子或幼苗浇了水后，土壤应该彻底湿润。但是，不要让土壤含水过多，否则种子可能会死掉。
    • 使用小喷雾器，这样就不会伤到种子。
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    在种子或幼苗和土壤上轻轻铺一层薄薄的泥炭苔或覆盖物。覆盖物有助于防止土壤过快干燥，让种子和幼苗有机会生长。
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    黄瓜在温暖的条件下茁壮成长，额外的阳光将使土壤保持温热。超过6小时的阳光最好。 [12]
    • 如果你在室内种植黄瓜，要把它们放在阳光充足的房间里，才能获得充足的光线。如果家里没有阳光好的地方，也可以买一盏生长灯。将它安放在植物上方，每天开灯至少六小时。
    • 把花盆放在墙根或栅栏旁边，最大限度地减少潜在的风害。一点点风不用担心，但强风可能会对黄瓜造成伤害。
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部分 3
部分 3 的 3:

照料黄瓜

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    找出每组中最高的2株幼苗。将其他幼苗从土壤表面剪断。不要把它们拔出来，这样做会带起土壤，可能上到留下的幼苗。 [13]
    • 用园艺剪或剪刀将幼苗从土壤表面剪断。
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    检查每组中的植物，找出最高的植物。它的叶子应该最多，看起来最健康。把其他的统统剪掉。
    • 现在，在花盆中种下的每一组都留了1株。如果你使用的是小花盆，这可能意味着你只有1株。
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    如果土壤表面看起来干燥，就要再浇水。给黄瓜浇水要浇透，以从花盆底部的排水孔排出一些额外的水为宜。绝不要让土壤变干，否则会影响植株生长，而且结出的黄瓜会发苦。 [14]
    • 检查土壤湿度的时候，把手指插到土里。如果感觉是干的，那就该浇水了。
    • 搬起花盆，看看它有多重。花盆越重，土壤与水越饱和。经常检查花盆，了解浇水时花盆是重还是轻。
    • 在植物周围添加护根土有助于保留更多水分。
    • 如果你所处的地区特别干燥或炎热，每天可能得浇两次水。 [15]
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    在加入肥料之前，先把土浇透。植物干燥时施肥会有问题。使用水溶性肥料，按照产品标签上的指示使用。各种品牌和类型的肥料有很大差异，务必仔细阅读标签。 [16]
    • 选择5-10-5或14-14-14的肥料。
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    蚜虫、腌虫、螨虫和黄瓜甲虫都会瞄准你的黄瓜。你可以用印度楝树油制作有机农药：
    • 要制作印度楝树油剂，准备几滴洗碗液，约10-20滴印度楝树油，混合在240到350ml的水里。 [17]
    • 对于黄瓜甲虫这样的害虫，可以带上涂了凡士林油的手套，用手把它们摘下来。在一桶水里滴几滴洗碗液，把它们放进水里。
    • 你还可以使用专为植物昆虫而设计的真空吸虫器。 [18]
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    霉菌和细菌枯萎病都较常见。许多抗真菌产品可以让植物免于霉变，但细菌性疾病更难以摆脱。事实上，如果染上了黄瓜甲虫携带的青枯病，植物很可能会死亡。真菌感染的特征通常是叶子上出现白色粉状物质。 [19]
    • 得了细菌性枯萎病时，叶子打蔫，白天枯萎，晚上恢复。叶子最终变黄并死亡。
    • 要制作防霉喷雾剂，将1汤匙（15克）小苏打混合到4升水中。加入少量洗碗液，然后摇匀。如果你发现树叶上有白色的白霉病，那就每周在植物上喷一次。 [20]
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    老黄瓜发苦，所以要趁嫩采摘。将黄瓜茎从黄瓜上方约1.27厘米处剪断。如果黄瓜已经变黄，那就表示熟过头了。 [21]
    • 大多数黄瓜在种植后55至70天可以收获。
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小提示

  • 如果你想早些开始种植，可以先在室内的有机盆里开始盆栽，等到天气变暖就把它们移到外面。
  • 黄瓜需要大量水，整个生长季节都要保持水分充足。 [22]
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警告

  • 当心你喷洒在黄瓜上的农药。许多化学农药如果食用是有害的，而通常黄瓜种出来会被你或别人食用。在植物上施用化学农药之前，务必查阅标签警告。食用之前务必洗净，清除残留的化学物质、污垢和细菌。
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参考

  1. ↑ http://www.vegetable-gardening-online.com/grow-cucumbers.html
  2. ↑ https://www.gardeningchannel.com/cultivate-cucumbers-in-containers/
  3. ↑ http://www.vegetable-gardening-online.com/grow-cucumbers.html
  4. ↑ http://www.vegetable-gardening-online.com/grow-cucumbers.html
  5. ↑ http://www.bystephanielynn.com/2013/06/drill-drainage-holes.html
  6. ↑ http://www.vegetable-gardening-online.com/grow-cucumbers.html
  7. ↑ http://www.vegetable-gardening-online.com/grow-cucumbers.html
  8. ↑ http://www.balconycontainergardening.com/plants/224-grow-cucumbers-in-containers
  9. ↑ https://www.gardeningchannel.com/cultivate-cucumbers-in-containers/
  1. ↑ https://www.gardeningchannel.com/cultivate-cucumbers-in-containers/
  2. ↑ https://pigletinportugal.com/2017/05/27/growing-cucumbers-in-pots-is-so-easy/
  3. ↑ https://www.gardeningchannel.com/cultivate-cucumbers-in-containers/
  4. ↑ http://www.balconycontainergardening.com/plants/224-grow-cucumbers-in-containers
  5. ↑ https://www.gardeningchannel.com/cultivate-cucumbers-in-containers/
  6. ↑ http://www.vegetable-gardening-online.com/grow-cucumbers.html
  7. ↑ http://www.vegetable-gardening-online.com/grow-cucumbers.html
  8. ↑ http://www.naturallivingideas.com/9-clever-ways-use-essential-oils-garden/
  9. ↑ https://www.almanac.com/pest/cucumber-beetles
  10. ↑ http://www.extension.umn.edu/garden/yard-garden/vegetables/diseases-of-cucurbits/bacterial-wilt/
  11. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yFD97jAdtKU&feature=youtu.be&t=41
  12. ↑ https://secure.caes.uga.edu/extension/publications/files/pdf/C%201034_4.PDF
  13. ↑ http://www.balconycontainergardening.com/plants/224-grow-cucumbers-in-containers

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