如何缓解严重头痛

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共同创作者是 Eric Baron, DO

参考

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每个人都会头痛。造成头痛的原因有很多，包括噪音、脱水、压力、某些食物、少吃一餐甚至是性行为。 [1] 如果你头痛非常严重，或许可以试着用家庭疗法缓解头痛。要是头痛影响你进行日常活动，请去看医生。

方法 1
方法 1 的 2:

在家缓解头痛

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    在大多数情况下，服用非处方成药就能轻松地治好头痛。 [2] 服用帮助止痛的非处方成药。如果疼痛持续很久，建议去看医生，确认自己没有更严重的疾病。
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    许多治疗头痛的非处方成药均含有咖啡因。一些证据显示少量咖啡因或许能缓解头痛，但是摄取过多则会引起戒断症状，反而使头痛得更厉害。 [5]
    • 每天服用不超过500毫克咖啡因，也就是约5杯咖啡。 [6]
    • 试着喝一杯咖啡、汽水、巧克力牛奶或茶，从中摄取咖啡因来缓解头痛。 [7]
    • 同时服用咖啡因饮料和止痛药，可以帮助身体更快吸收药物，或许能更快缓解疼痛。 [8]
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    热气不仅能让紧绷的头部和脖子肌肉放松，也有助于缓解疼痛。温热疗法有很多种，包括用电热垫或泡温水澡，都能帮助缓解非常严重的头痛。 [9]
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    温水可以舒缓紧绷的肌肉，或许能快速减轻头痛。 [10]
    • 确保水温介于36到40摄氏度（95到105华氏度），以免烫伤皮肤。你可以用温度计测量水温。 [11]
    • 漩涡浴缸也有助于缓解头痛，喷射出来的水流会按摩肌肉，让身体放松。 [12]
    • 泻盐有镇静作用，或许能让你更加放松，进一步缓解头痛。 [13]
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    冰敷头和脖子可以消肿和止痛。 [14]
    • 有需要的时候可以经常冰敷，但是每次不超过20分钟。 [15]
    • 用泡沫塑料杯装满水，放进冰箱冷冻，然后用杯底轻轻按摩疼痛部位。 [16]
    • 你也可以用干毛巾布裹着一袋冷冻蔬菜。冷冻蔬菜可以顺着脖子曲线很好地贴合在一起，也许比冰袋更舒服。
    • 如果太冷或皮肤发麻，请移开冰袋。用毛巾隔开冰袋和皮肤可以防止冻伤。 [17]
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    按摩头、脖子甚至是肩膀，可以缓解会引起头痛的肌肉紧张或痉挛。 [18] 注册按摩师会寻找僵硬和紧绷的肌肉，通过按摩舒缓它们。 [19]
    • 市面上有各式各样的按摩服务，其中包括瑞典式按摩和深层组织按摩。按摩师会选择有证据支持的方法，得到你的知情同意后才开始进行按摩。
    • 你可以在网上搜索，或要求医生推荐一名合格的按摩师。 [20]
    • 找不到专业按摩师？不妨自己按摩。揉搓脸、太阳穴甚至只是按摩耳朵，都有助于缓解严重头痛。 [21]
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    一些临床医生建议用指压按摩刺激穴位，舒缓紧绷的脖子和肩膀（肌肉紧绷是头痛发作的原因）。只要了解和按摩5个穴位，或许就能缓解头痛。 [22]
    • 需要刺激的穴位是风池穴（GB 20）、肩井穴（GB 21）、合谷穴（LI 4）、中渚穴（TE 3）和手三里穴（LI 10）。 [23]
    • 这个 英文视频 可以帮助你找到这些穴位的所在位置，并教你如何进行指压按摩来缓解头痛。如果你想听更详细的讲解，可以观看这个 中文视频 。
    • 你也可以在所住地区找个中医师帮你进行指压按摩。
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    研究显示没有喝充足的水会引起头痛。喝足够的水有助于缓解头痛。 [24]
    • 你只需要喝水，就能保持身体水分充足。如果你比较喜欢喝运动饮料或果汁，可以在一天之中就着少许水一起喝。
  9. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images_en\/thumb\/8\/80\/Get-Rid-of-an-Extremely-Bad-Headache-Step-9-Version-2.jpg\/v4-460px-Get-Rid-of-an-Extremely-Bad-Headache-Step-9-Version-2.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/8\/80\/Get-Rid-of-an-Extremely-Bad-Headache-Step-9-Version-2.jpg\/v4-728px-Get-Rid-of-an-Extremely-Bad-Headache-Step-9-Version-2.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}
    有时候，没吃饱也会引发头痛。要是没什么东西可以吃，那就吃一点零食，或许能帮助减轻头痛。 [25]
    • 水果、坚果、格兰诺拉燕麦卷和罐头汤都是不错的零食。你也可以吃酸奶，或是皮塔饼蘸一些鹰嘴豆泥。 [26]
    • 如果头痛伴随着恶心或呕吐，你可能不想或无法咽下任何东西。这时候，不妨喝一点肉汤。 [27] 另外，出现这些症状时，应该要去看医生。
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    一些研究显示精油可以帮助你放松。薰衣草等香味或许能缓解头痛。 [28]
    • 薰衣草油、甘菊油、迷迭香油、佛手柑油、胡椒薄荷油和桉树油，均能缓解头痛。 [29]
    • 精油的使用方法有很多。你可以用它按摩太阳穴或耳朵，或是使用扩香器，让香味散发到空中。 [30]
    • 含有胡椒薄荷和桉树的糖果或许能缓解疼痛。 [31]
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    让自己休息和放松，通常可以帮助缓解严重头痛。控制温度、光线等因素，准备舒适的床褥或睡觉装备，移开会刺激大脑的电子产品，或许能帮助你迅速减轻头痛。 [32]
    • 将睡房温度调成16到24摄氏度（60到75华氏度），营造最适合睡觉的环境。 [33]
    • 不要将电脑、电视机和工作资料放在房间。让自己在没有压力或刺激的环境好好休息。 [34]
    • 灯光会刺激你，让你保持清醒，所以一定要确保房间够暗，帮助大脑休息和入睡。如果房间很亮，你可以用窗帘或眼罩遮挡光线。 [35]
    • 噪音也会使你无法入睡，可能使头痛恶化。尽量让房间越安静越好，考虑用白噪声器对抗嘈杂的噪音。 [36]
    • 舒服的床垫、枕头和寝具可以帮助你放松和入睡。 [37]
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    冥想对改善头痛十分有效。头痛时，不妨花几分钟冥想，或许可以帮助放松和缓解疼痛。 [38]
    • 冥想迫使你专心，不去理会周围令你分心的事物。这样一段不受干扰的时间可以帮助你放松。
    • 刚开始的时候，进行5到10分钟的冥想。必要时再慢慢增加时间。 [39]
    • 找个安静、舒适和不会被打扰的地方。消除让你分心的事物，这样你可以更容易专注在自己的呼吸上，减轻疼痛，释放你产生的任何念头或感觉。 [40]
    • 坐直，保持不动，并闭上眼睛。一定要保持正确的冥想姿势，这样才能呼吸得更顺畅，促进血液循环，让大脑学会只专注在一个点。闭上眼睛可以防止你分心。 [41]
    • 轻松、均匀地呼吸。不要控制呼吸，顺其自然就好。在吸气时说“let”，呼气时说“go”，可以有效地帮助你专心呼吸。 [42]
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    如果你所在的环境会令头痛得更厉害，不妨想象自己身处在另一个地方，比如说沙滩。这种行为治疗可以帮助塑造你对某些情况的想法，或许能缓解头痛。 [43]
    • 举个例子，如果头很痛，身边又有小孩一直在大喊大叫，不妨深呼吸，想想自己在夏威夷的海滩上，或是你想去的其它地方。
方法 2
方法 2 的 2:

就医

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    如果家庭疗法无法缓解头痛，请去看医生。他可以排除其它潜在疾病，根据你的具体状况制定治疗方案。 [44]
    • 医生会做出准确的诊断，排除其它潜在疾病，选择正确的治疗方案。
    • 他会确认你是否还需要进行其它检查，包括但不限于量血压、心血管检查、验血、大脑成像检查等。
  2. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images_en\/thumb\/9\/97\/Get-Rid-of-an-Extremely-Bad-Headache-Step-15-Version-2.jpg\/v4-460px-Get-Rid-of-an-Extremely-Bad-Headache-Step-15-Version-2.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/9\/97\/Get-Rid-of-an-Extremely-Bad-Headache-Step-15-Version-2.jpg\/v4-728px-Get-Rid-of-an-Extremely-Bad-Headache-Step-15-Version-2.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}
    根据头痛类型和严重程度，医生可能给你开强效的止痛药和预防用药，防止头痛进一步恶化或再次发作。 [45]
    • 医生可能开的处方级止痛药包括舒马曲坦、佐米曲坦。 [46]
    • 医生可能开的预防用药包括酒石酸美托洛尔、普萘洛尔、阿米替林、双丙戊酸钠和托吡酯。 [47]
    • 许多预防用药可以抑制血管收缩，或是抑制非常痛的血管扩张阶段，对偏头痛尤其有效。 [48]
    • 有的抗抑郁药也能预防非常严重的头痛。 [49]
  3. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images_en\/thumb\/0\/0d\/Get-Rid-of-an-Extremely-Bad-Headache-Step-16-Version-2.jpg\/v4-460px-Get-Rid-of-an-Extremely-Bad-Headache-Step-16-Version-2.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/0\/0d\/Get-Rid-of-an-Extremely-Bad-Headache-Step-16-Version-2.jpg\/v4-728px-Get-Rid-of-an-Extremely-Bad-Headache-Step-16-Version-2.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}
    如果你患有丛集性头痛，氧气疗法是最有效的治疗方法之一。 [50] 透过面罩吸入氧气，在短短15分钟内就能缓解头痛。 [51]
    • 氧气疗法在头痛刚开始发作的时候最有效。 [52] 下一次发作时，一定要继续接受治疗。 [53]
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    你也许想和医生讨论一些比较少见的治疗方案，包括注射肉毒杆菌和经颅磁刺激。
    • 一些研究显示A型肉毒杆菌毒素有助于缓解和预防严重头痛。 [54] 如果标准治疗也治不好头痛，不妨和医生讨论这个方案。
    • 经颅磁刺激利用电流刺激大脑神经细胞，或许能减轻头痛和减少复发。 [55]

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参考

  1. ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/headache/basics/causes/sym-20050800
  2. ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-daily-headaches/in-depth/headaches/art-20047375
  3. ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-daily-headaches/in-depth/headaches/art-20047375
  4. ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tension-headache/basics/treatment/con-20014295
  5. ↑ http://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases_conditions/hic_Overview_of_Headaches_in_Adults/hic_Caffeine_and_Headache
  6. ↑ http://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases_conditions/hic_Overview_of_Headaches_in_Adults/hic_Caffeine_and_Headache
  7. ↑ http://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases_conditions/hic_Overview_of_Headaches_in_Adults/hic_Caffeine_and_Headache
  8. ↑ http://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases_conditions/hic_Overview_of_Headaches_in_Adults/hic_Caffeine_and_Headache
  9. ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-daily-headaches/in-depth/headaches/art-20047375
  1. ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-daily-headaches/in-depth/headaches/art-20047375
  2. ↑ http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/health/3318578/So-Mr-Prescott-how-hot-should-my-bath-be.html
  3. ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-daily-headaches/in-depth/headaches/art-20047375
  4. ↑ http://life.gaiam.com/article/how-relieve-muscle-tension
  5. ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-daily-headaches/in-depth/headaches/art-20047375
  6. ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-daily-headaches/in-depth/headaches/art-20047375
  7. ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-daily-headaches/in-depth/headaches/art-20047375
  8. ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-daily-headaches/in-depth/headaches/art-20047375
  9. ↑ http://www.calmclinic.com/anxiety/signs/muscle-tension
  10. ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-daily-headaches/in-depth/headaches/art-20047375
  11. ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-daily-headaches/in-depth/headaches/art-20047375
  12. ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-daily-headaches/in-depth/headaches/art-20047375
  13. ↑ http://exploreim.ucla.edu/self-care/acupressure-for-headache-or-neck-and-shoulder-tension/
  14. ↑ http://exploreim.ucla.edu/self-care/acupressure-for-headache-or-neck-and-shoulder-tension/
  15. ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-daily-headaches/in-depth/headaches/art-20047375
  16. ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-daily-headaches/in-depth/headaches/art-20047375
  17. ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-daily-headaches/in-depth/headaches/art-20047375
  18. ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-daily-headaches/in-depth/headaches/art-20047375
  19. ↑ http://www.everydayhealth.com/headache-migraine-pictures/soothing-scents-to-ease-headache-pain.aspx# 02
  20. ↑ http://www.everydayhealth.com/headache-migraine-pictures/soothing-scents-to-ease-headache-pain.aspx#02
  21. ↑ http://www.everydayhealth.com/headache-migraine-pictures/soothing-scents-to-ease-headache-pain.aspx#02
  22. ↑ http://www.everydayhealth.com/headache-migraine-pictures/soothing-scents-to-ease-headache-pain.aspx#02
  23. ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-daily-headaches/in-depth/headaches/art-20047375
  24. ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/napping/art-20048319?reDate=21072015&pg=2
  25. ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/napping/art-20048319?reDate=21072015&pg=2
  26. ↑ http://healthysleep.med.harvard.edu/healthy/getting/overcoming/tips
  27. ↑ http://healthysleep.med.harvard.edu/healthy/getting/overcoming/tips
  28. ↑ http://sleepfoundation.org/sleep-tools-tips/healthy-sleep-tips
  29. ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-daily-headaches/in-depth/headaches/art-20047375
  30. ↑ http://www.ananda.org/meditation/getting-started/meditation-basics/
  31. ↑ http://zenhabits.net/meditation-for-beginners-20-practical-tips-for-quieting-the-mind/
  32. ↑ http://www.ananda.org/meditation/getting-started/meditation-basics/
  33. ↑ http://www.ananda.org/meditation/getting-started/meditation-basics/
  34. ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-daily-headaches/in-depth/headaches/art-20047375
  35. ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-daily-headaches/in-depth/headaches/art-20047375
  36. ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-daily-headaches/in-depth/headaches/art-20047375
  37. ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-daily-headaches/in-depth/headaches/art-20047375
  38. ↑ http://www.achenet.org/resources/migraine_treatments/
  39. ↑ http://www.achenet.org/resources/migraine_treatments/
  40. ↑ http://www.achenet.org/resources/migraine_treatments/
  41. ↑ http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/medicines-for-cluster-headaches-topic-overview
  42. ↑ http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/medicines-for-cluster-headaches-topic-overview
  43. ↑ http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/medicines-for-cluster-headaches-topic-overview
  44. ↑ http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/medicines-for-cluster-headaches-topic-overview
  45. ↑ http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/migraine/migraine.htm#Is_there_any_treatment
  46. ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-daily-headaches/in-depth/headaches/art-20047375

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