如何缓解夜间手脚发痒

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共同创作者是 Troy A. Miles, MD

参考

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手脚发痒也叫瘙痒症，好几种皮肤问题都可能出现这种症状，包括过敏起疹、银屑病和皮肤炎。 [1] 患者皮肤会很痛或非常容易受刺激，皮肤可能粗糙、泛红、有肿块和水疱。瘙痒情况会在夜间恶化。如果你有手脚发痒的问题，一定要就医确诊。你也可以自己在家采取一些方法，缓解手脚发痒造成的不适。

方法 1
方法 1 的 3:

在家治疗

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    尽量不要抓挠皮肤。这会加重症状或引起其它问题，包括皮肤感染。 [2]
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    临睡前滋润手脚皮肤，有助于减轻或预防瘙痒。你可以在房间使用加湿器，增强保湿效果。 [5]
    • 每天至少涂一次保湿霜。最好是在沐浴或泡澡后，趁皮肤还有点湿的时候涂保湿霜。 [6] 沐浴之后和临睡前，将保湿霜着重涂抹在最痒的部位。 [7]
    • 使用不会刺激皮肤的无味无色保湿霜。 [8]
    • 在房间放一台加湿器，保持空气湿润，确保睡觉的时候皮肤不会干燥和发痒。 [9]
    • 避免会令皮肤干燥的极端温度。
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    这么做可以舒缓皮肤发痒，帮助减轻炎症。考虑添加胶状燕麦制剂，进一步舒缓皮肤。 [10]
    • 在水里撒一些小苏打、未煮过的燕麦或胶状燕麦。这些成分均能舒缓皮肤。 [11]
    • 只能泡10到15分钟。在水里泡太久的话，皮肤会变得干燥，反而更加痒。
    • 使用微温的水，不要使用热水。热水会让皮肤失去的天然油脂，使它变得更干燥更痒。
    • 泡澡后在皮肤上涂一些乳液，着重涂抹手脚，然后才彻底擦干皮肤。这么做能锁住皮肤水分，保持皮肤湿润，让它不容易发痒。
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    睡觉的时候，不妨冷敷、冰敷或湿敷双手和双脚。冷敷有助于收缩血管，限制血流，让皮肤降温，进而缓解瘙痒症造成的发痒和炎症。 [12]
    • 你可以断断续续地冷敷皮肤10到15分钟，或直到自己睡着为止。 [13]
    • 如果你没有冰袋，使用一袋冷冻蔬菜也能达到相同的效果。
    • 不要直接把冰块放在皮肤上。一定要先用布裹着冰块或冰袋。冰块在皮肤上敷太久可能会冻伤皮肤。
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    穿不会刺激皮肤的睡衣来防止和缓解皮肤瘙痒。这类衣服也能保护皮肤，防止你抓痒。
    • 穿凉爽、宽松和质地光滑的棉质或美利奴羊毛睡衣，防止自己抓痒和过度出汗。 [14]
    • 棉质衣服是很好的选择，它们不但透气，摸起来也很柔软。 [15]
    • 考虑穿戴袜子和手套，阻止自己抓挠皮肤。
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    确保卧室舒适凉爽，通风良好。只要控制卧室温度，保持黑暗无光，使用舒适的寝具，并确保空气流通，或许能防止手脚发痒。 [16]
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    如果你的手脚皮肤干燥发痒，皮肤表层会更容易受感染，也就是所谓的蜂窝组织炎。一旦发现以下任何症状，都要立刻去看医生： [20]
    • 发红
    • 肿胀
    • 疼痛和（或）一摸就痛
    • 皮肤摸起来温热
    • 发烧
    • 有红斑、微微凹陷的小坑和（或）水疱
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方法 2
方法 2 的 3:

防止夜间手脚发痒

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    经常洗脚和洗手，降低真菌和细菌感染的风险。真菌和细菌感染会使皮肤非常痒。确保使用温和的肥皂，这样可以保持双脚和双手干净，还能预防感染。 [21]
    • 如果你的脚经常大量出汗，不妨穿吸收性强的棉袜，防止双脚发痒。
    • 戴上棉等天然纤维制成的手套，防止双手发痒。
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    购买肥皂和洗涤剂时，选择标注为温和、无味、无染料或低过敏性的产品。这些产品含有较少有害化学成分，不那么容易刺激皮肤，引起发痒。 [22]
    • 标注为“低过敏性”的产品经过测试，可用于敏感皮肤，不会刺激皮肤。 [23]
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    瘙痒症可能是过敏原或某种刺激物引起的。弄清楚手脚发痒的原因，可以帮助你避开这种刺激物，进一步缓解不适。 [24]
    • 手脚发痒可能是过敏原、食物过敏、化妆品、环境因素、蚊虫叮咬、刺激性大的肥皂或洗涤剂造成的。 [25]
    • 如果你有穿戴首饰，手脚发痒也可能是皮肤对金属过敏造成的。 [26]
    • 要是你怀疑皮肤发痒是某种物质造成的，试着减少接触它，看看症状是否有所改善。 [27]
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    皮肤发痒时，身体会发送信号给大脑，告诉你要多喝水。这是因为瘙痒经常是身体脱水造成的。而且，如果皮肤内层没有得到充足水分，也会产生瘙痒感。一整天都要多喝水，临睡前也要喝一大杯水。
    • 尽量每天至少喝2000到3000毫升水。如果只喝水很无聊，不妨加点果汁提味。
    • 你也可以吃含水量高的食物，比如黄瓜、樱桃、番茄、芹菜、青椒、西瓜、草莓、哈密瓜和西兰花。 [28]
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    接触到化学剂、花粉等可能刺激皮肤的物质，或许会使皮肤情况恶化。如果你知道自己对某些食物、灰尘等东西过敏，那就尽量远离它们。
    • 如果你不知道自己对什么东西过敏，可以约见这方面的专科医生。他会进行一些测试，找出你对哪一种物质过敏。
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    某些食物和饮料会造成血管扩张，进而加重瘙痒，包括咖啡和酒精。大量出汗也会使皮肤情况恶化。避开会导致血管扩张的物质和大量出汗的状况，或许能减轻瘙痒和不适。 [29]
    • 会导致血管扩张的常见物质有咖啡因、酒精、香料和热水。 [30]
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    生活压力太大会使皮肤瘙痒恶化。尽量减少生活中的压力，有助于减轻或治好皮肤瘙痒。 [31]
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方法 3
方法 3 的 3:

就医治疗

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    如果瘙痒在一周后没有消退，或者身体非常不舒服，最好就医治疗。医生可能会给你开口服药、类固醇膏或进行光照治疗来缓解瘙痒。 [33]
    • 如果皮肤很不舒服，以致于影响到睡眠或日常生活，或者皮肤很痛，自我护理和家庭疗法都不起作用，有或者是你怀疑皮肤受感染了，都要去就医治疗。 [34]
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    炉甘石液或非处方止痒膏能缓解发痒症状。你可以在实体或网上杂货店和药房买到这些乳膏。 [35]
    • 非处方止痒膏或氢化可的松乳膏有助于缓解瘙痒。确保你购买的乳膏至少含有1%氢化可的松。 [36]
    • 购买含有樟脑、薄荷醇、苯酚、普莫卡因和苯佐卡因的止痒膏。
    • 涂抹保湿霜之前，先将这些乳膏涂到双手和双脚。 [37] 医生可能建议你将乳膏涂在患处，然后用湿绷带包扎，帮助皮肤更有效地吸收乳膏。 [38]
    • 遵循产品上指示的使用频率。
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    这些药物能中和过敏原，缓解瘙痒和皮肤炎症。市面上有许多不同牌子的非处方抗组胺剂，可以在实体或网上药房和杂货店买到。 [39]
    • 氯苯那敏有2毫克和4毫克装。你可以每4到6小时服用4毫克。每天服用量不得超过24毫克。
    • 苯海拉明有25毫克和50毫克装。你可以每4到6小时服用25毫克。每天服用量不得超过300毫克。
    • 这些药通常还有镇静作用，对睡眠问题（如有）也有帮助。 [40]
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    研究显示选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂（SSRIs）有助于缓解瘙痒症。如果其它治疗方法不起作用，不妨和医生讨论这一方案。 [41]
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    如果非处方外用皮质类固醇无法缓解瘙痒，医生可能会开药效更强的处方级外用或口服皮质类固醇，比如强的松。 [43]
    • 长期使用口服类固醇会引起严重副作用。 [44]
    • 使用口服和外用皮质类固醇期间，要继续涂抹保湿霜。这么做不仅能滋润皮肤，当你停止使用类固醇时，还有助于防止皮肤发痒。 [45]
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    如果其它治疗方法不起作用，不妨试一试有助于修复皮肤的钙调磷酸酶抑制剂乳膏。这类药物包括他克莫司和吡美莫司，能保持皮肤正常和减轻瘙痒。 [46]
    • 钙调磷酸酶抑制剂直接影响免疫系统，可能引起肾脏问题、高血压和头痛等副作用。 [47]
    • 只有在其它治疗方法不起作用的时候，医生才会开具这类药物，而且只用于2岁以上的患者。 [48]
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    医生可能建议你进行几次光照治疗来缓解瘙痒。光照治疗非常有效，操作起来也很简单，可以是限制日晒或使用人造光，但是有一定的风险。 [49]
    • 在光照治疗中，皮肤会接受一定量的自然光，或人造长波紫外线（UVA）和窄谱中波紫外线（UVB）照射。这项治疗可以单独进行，也可以与药物配合使用。 [50]
    • 光照会增加皮肤过早衰老和罹患皮肤癌的风险。 [51]
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小提示

  • 向皮肤科医生咨询皮肤瘙痒的问题。最好的治疗方法是弄清楚皮肤发痒的原因，然后对症下药。
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参考

  1. ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/itchy-skin/basics/definition/con-20028460
  2. ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/itchy-skin/basics/lifestyle-home-remedies/con-20028460
  3. ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/itchy-skin/basics/lifestyle-home-remedies/con-20028460
  4. ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/itchy-skin/basics/lifestyle-home-remedies/con-20028460
  5. ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/itchy-skin/basics/lifestyle-home-remedies/con-20028460
  6. ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/itchy-skin/basics/lifestyle-home-remedies/con-20028460
  7. ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/itchy-skin/basics/lifestyle-home-remedies/con-20028460
  8. ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/itchy-skin/basics/lifestyle-home-remedies/con-20028460
  9. ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/eczema/basics/lifestyle-home-remedies/con-20032073
  1. ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/itchy-skin/basics/lifestyle-home-remedies/con-20028460
  2. ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/itchy-skin/basics/lifestyle-home-remedies/con-20028460
  3. ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/itchy-skin/basics/lifestyle-home-remedies/con-20028460
  4. ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/itchy-skin/basics/lifestyle-home-remedies/con-20028460
  5. ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/itchy-skin/basics/lifestyle-home-remedies/con-20028460
  6. ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/itchy-skin/basics/lifestyle-home-remedies/con-20028460
  7. ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/itchy-skin/basics/lifestyle-home-remedies/con-20028460
  8. ↑ http://healthysleep.med.harvard.edu/healthy/getting/overcoming/tips
  9. ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/itchy-skin/basics/lifestyle-home-remedies/con-20028460
  10. ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/itchy-skin/basics/lifestyle-home-remedies/con-20028460
  11. ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cellulitis/basics/symptoms/con-20023471
  12. ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/itchy-skin/basics/lifestyle-home-remedies/con-20028460
  13. ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/itchy-skin/basics/lifestyle-home-remedies/con-20028460
  14. ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/itchy-skin/basics/lifestyle-home-remedies/con-20028460
  15. ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/itchy-skin/basics/lifestyle-home-remedies/con-20028460
  16. ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/itchy-skin/basics/lifestyle-home-remedies/con-20028460
  17. ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/itchy-skin/basics/lifestyle-home-remedies/con-20028460
  18. ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/itchy-skin/basics/lifestyle-home-remedies/con-20028460
  19. ↑ http://www.health.com/health/gallery/0,,20709014_2,00.html
  20. ↑ http://www.aafp.org/afp/2003/0915/p1135.html
  21. ↑ http://www.aafp.org/afp/2003/0915/p1135.html
  22. ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/itchy-skin/basics/lifestyle-home-remedies/con-20028460
  23. ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/itchy-skin/basics/lifestyle-home-remedies/con-20028460
  24. ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/itchy-skin/basics/treatment/con-20028460
  25. ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/itchy-skin/basics/treatment/con-20028460
  26. ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/itchy-skin/basics/treatment/con-20028460
  27. ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/itchy-skin/basics/treatment/con-20028460
  28. ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/itchy-skin/basics/treatment/con-20028460
  29. ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/itchy-skin/basics/treatment/con-20028460
  30. ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/itchy-skin/basics/treatment/con-20028460
  31. ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/itchy-skin/basics/treatment/con-20028460
  32. ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/itchy-skin/basics/treatment/con-20028460
  33. ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/itchy-skin/basics/treatment/con-20028460
  34. ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/itchy-skin/basics/treatment/con-20028460
  35. ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/itchy-skin/basics/treatment/con-20028460
  36. ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/itchy-skin/basics/treatment/con-20028460
  37. ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/itchy-skin/basics/treatment/con-20028460
  38. ↑ http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/549094_2
  39. ↑ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15799678
  40. ↑ http://www.clevelandclinicmeded.com/medicalpubs/diseasemanagement/dermatology/pruritus-itch/Default.htm
  41. ↑ http://www.clevelandclinicmeded.com/medicalpubs/diseasemanagement/dermatology/pruritus-itch/Default.htm
  42. ↑ http://www.clevelandclinicmeded.com/medicalpubs/diseasemanagement/dermatology/pruritus-itch/Default.htm

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