如何缓解疝气疼痛

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共同创作者是 Joel Giffin, PT, DPT, CHT

参考

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疝气指的是脏器离开了原来的位置，进入周围的组织或肌肉。疝气可以发生在身体的不同部位，包括腹部、肚脐、鼠蹊部（股骨或腹股沟）或胃部。疝气会引起疼痛和不适，如果是胃疝气，可能会出现胃酸过多或胃酸反流的情况。好在你可以借助一些家庭疗法来控制疼痛，并且通过改变生活方式来缓解不适。

部分 1
部分 1 的 3:

在家缓解疝气疼痛

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    如果觉得只是轻微不适，可以在疝气部位冰敷10到15分钟。得到医生的同意后，可以每天冰敷一两次，帮助减轻肿胀和炎症。 [1]
    • 千万不要将冰块或冰袋直接敷在皮肤上。一定要先用薄布或毛巾裹着，以免损伤皮肤组织。
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    如果是中度疼痛，可以吃非处方止痛药缓解，比如布洛芬和扑热息痛。一定要遵循生产商的剂量指示。 [2]
    • 如果需要吃非处方止痛药的时间超过一周，最好咨询医生。他或许可以给你开效果更强的止痛药。
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    胃疝气又称食管裂孔疝，可能会导致胃酸过多。这也被称为胃酸反流或胃灼热，指的是胃酸反流进入并刺激食管。你可以服用非处方抗酸剂和减少胃酸分泌的药物，也可以服用质子泵抑制剂等处方药来减少胃酸分泌。 [3]
    • 如果胃酸反流症状在几天后仍然没有改善，应该就医检查。胃酸反流不加以治疗会严重损伤食管。医生可以开处方药治疗胃酸反流，并促进消化器官愈合。
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    如果是腹股沟疝气，可以穿戴特殊的护具来缓解疼痛。向医生咨询穿戴方法类似内裤那样的疝气带，也可以系护腰带或护背带，防止疝气脱出。躺下，将护腰带或护背带环绕疝气部位系紧，确保松紧适宜。
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    针灸是传统中医疗法，通过将细针刺入特定穴位来调整身体能量。刺激止痛的穴位或许能帮助控制疝气疼痛。一定要找个对缓解疝气疼痛有经验的持照针灸师。 [5]
    • 尽管针灸有助于缓解疝气疼痛，但是还是得去看医生，彻底治好疝气。
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    怀疑自己得了疝气？感觉腹部或鼠蹊部有异常的团块？出现胃酸过多或胃灼热的情况？建议去看医生。大部分疝气可以通过身体检查和症状来确诊。如果已经看过医生，但是症状过了几周仍然没有改善，建议再去看医生。
    • 要是疝气痛得非常厉害，你曾经诊断出腹部、腹股沟或股疝气，一定要马上联络医生或前往急诊室。这可能是医疗紧急事故。
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    虽然可以自己在家缓解疝气疼痛，但是无法治好它。向医生咨询手术选择。医生可能建议通过手术将突出的肌肉推回原位。还有一种手术侵入性更小，医生会开一个切口，用人工网片修补受损的缺口。 [6]
    • 如果疝气很少造成困扰，而且医生认为它很小，可能不建议做手术。
部分 2
部分 2 的 3:

改变生活方式

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    如果食管裂孔疝引发胃灼热，你需要减轻胃部的压力。减少每一餐的食量，并放慢进食速度，让胃部更容易和更快消化食物。这样也能帮助原本已经薄弱松弛的下食道括约肌减轻压力。 [7]
    • 临睡前2到3小时不进食，以免之后要入睡时，食物压迫到胃部肌肉。
    • 你也可以改变饮食来减少胃酸分泌。避开高脂肪食物、巧克力、胡椒薄荷、酒精、洋葱、番茄和柑橘类水果。 [8]
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    穿不会勒住胃部或腹部的衣服。不要穿紧身衣或系很紧的腰带。选择腰部宽松的上衣。如果非得系腰带，那就好好调整一番，别让它紧紧束着腰。 [9]
    • 勒住胃部或腹部会导致疝气复发，使胃酸过多的情况恶化。胃酸被迫反流进食管。
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    体重过重会增加胃部和腹肌的压力，使疝气更容易复发。胃酸也会流进食管，引起胃酸反流和胃酸过多。 [10] [11]
    • 试着慢慢减肥。每周最多减0.5到1公斤。向医生咨询适合你的饮食和运动计划。
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    由于你不可以抬重物或使肌肉劳损，不妨试着做一些运动来加强和支持肌肉运作。平躺在地面，尝试下面其中一种拉伸运动：
    • 屈起双膝，让腿稍微弯曲。将一个枕头夹在两腿之间。用大腿肌肉夹紧枕头。放松肌肉，重复这个拉伸动作10次。
    • 双手放在身体两侧，抬起双膝离开地面。双脚在空中做蹬自行车的动作。一直做到腹肌疲劳。
    • 屈起双膝，让腿稍微弯曲。双手枕在后脑勺，躯干向上抬起约30度。躯干应该靠近膝盖。保持这个姿势，小心地躺下来。重复15次。
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    如果发生胃酸反流，最好尝试戒烟。抽烟会增加胃酸，加重胃酸反流。如果你打算做手术治疗疝气，医生很可能建议你在手术前几个月戒烟。
    • 抽烟会延长术后恢复期，并且可能在手术期间提高血压。抽烟也会增加疝气复发和术后感染的风险。 [12]
部分 3
部分 3 的 3:

使用药草

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    荠菜属于野草，长久以来都被用于缓解肿胀和疼痛。在患处涂抹荠菜精油。你也可以口服荠菜补充剂。一定要遵循生产商的剂量指示。 [13]
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    要是疝气引发恶心、呕吐和胃酸反流，不妨喝一杯姜茶。姜有抗炎作用，能舒缓胃部。用姜茶茶包或1茶匙切好的鲜姜泡茶。把鲜姜放进沸水里泡5分钟。进食前半小时喝尤其有用。孕妇和哺乳期妇女也能安全饮用。 [15]
    • 喝茴香茶缓解胃部不适，并减少胃酸。准备1茶匙碾碎的茴香籽，放进一杯沸水泡5分钟。每天饮用2到3杯。
    • 你也可以将芥末粉或芥末酱溶于水中喝下，或者喝甘菊茶。它们都有抗炎作用，可以减少胃酸，缓解胃部不适。 [16]
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    寻找解甘草甜素咀嚼片。研究显示甘草能控制胃酸过多，促进胃部愈合。一定要遵循生产商的指示，通常是每4到6小时吃2或3片。 [17]
    • 注意，甘草会引起低血钾，后者可能引发心律不齐。如果你服用大量甘草或服用超过2周，最好咨询医生。
    • 另一个有帮助的药草补充剂是滑榆树皮，可以泡茶喝或服用片剂。它会覆盖和舒缓受刺激的组织，孕妇也能安全服用。 [18]
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    要是胃酸反流很严重，或许可以尝试喝苹果醋。有的人认为摄取过多酸会让身体通过反馈抑制减少胃酸分泌，不过还需要做更多研究证实这一点。将1汤匙有机苹果醋和180毫升水混匀后喝下。 [19] 如果你喜欢，也可以加一点蜂蜜提味。
    • 另一个方法是喝自制的柠檬水或青柠水。根据自己的口味，将数茶匙纯柠檬或青柠汁和水混匀。如果你喜欢，也可以添加一点蜂蜜。在进餐前后和期间饮用。
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    喝半杯有机芦荟汁，注意不是芦荟凝胶。虽然可以饮用一整天，但是由于芦荟有通便作用，所以每天最多喝一到两杯。 [20]
    • 研究显示芦荟糖浆能减轻炎症，并中和胃酸，缓解胃酸反流的症状。 [21]

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参考

  1. ↑ https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?ContentTypeID=1&ContentID=4483
  2. ↑ http://www.drugs.com/cg/inguinal-hernia.html
  3. ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hiatal-hernia/basics/treatment/con-20030640
  4. ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/inguinal-hernia/expert-answers/hernia-truss/faq-20058111
  5. ↑ http://www.home-remedies-for-you.com/remedy/Hernia.html
  6. ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/inguinal-hernia/basics/treatment/con-20021456
  7. ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gerd/basics/lifestyle-home-remedies/con-20025201
  8. ↑ http://www.aboutgerd.org/diet-lifestyle-changes/diet-changes-for-gerd.html
  9. ↑ https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases_conditions/hic-hernia/hic-hiatal-hernia
  1. ↑ http://www.med.umich.edu/1libr/Surgery/GenSurgery/HerniaObesity.pdf
  2. ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gerd/basics/lifestyle-home-remedies/con-20025201
  3. ↑ https://www.facs.org/~/media/files/education/patient%20ed/quitsmoking.ashx
  4. ↑ http://www.home-remedies-for-you.com/remedy/Hernia.html
  5. ↑ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3951821/
  6. ↑ Willetts, K. E., Ekangaki, A. and Eden, J. A. (2003), Effect of a ginger extract on pregnancy-induced nausea: A randomised controlled trial. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 43: 139–144.
  7. ↑ Vemulapall, R. Diet and Lifestyle Modifications in the Management of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease. Nutr Clin Pract June 2008 vol. 23 no. 3 293-298.
  8. ↑ Glick, L., Deglycyrrhizinated liquorice for peptic ulcer. Lancet. 1982 Oct 9;2(8302):817.
  9. ↑ Petry JJ, Hadley SK. Medicinal herbs: answers and advice, Part 2.Hosp Pract (1995). 2001 Aug 15;36(8):55-9.
  10. ↑ Petry JJ, Hadley SK. Medicinal herbs: answers and advice, Part 2.Hosp Pract (1995). 2001 Aug 15;36(8):55-9.
  11. ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/aloe/evidence/hrb-20058665
  12. ↑ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26742306

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