如何自制酵母

第一次加热：制作介质

1. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images_en\/thumb\/6\/6a\/Make-Yeast-Step-1.jpg\/v4-460px-Make-Yeast-Step-1.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/6\/6a\/Make-Yeast-Step-1.jpg\/v4-728px-Make-Yeast-Step-1.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}
   1
   把一杯水烧开。 水烧开后，将锅从灶台上拿开。
2. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images_en\/thumb\/6\/69\/Make-Yeast-Step-2.jpg\/v4-460px-Make-Yeast-Step-2.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/6\/69\/Make-Yeast-Step-2.jpg\/v4-728px-Make-Yeast-Step-2.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}
   2
   把15g麦芽精倒入水里充分搅匀，直至完全溶解。 再将溶液烧开，并维持沸腾状态10到15分钟。这个过程是为了杀菌。

   • 第二次沸腾是为了给混合介质，也就是“麦汁”杀菌。
3. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images_en\/thumb\/2\/2c\/Make-Yeast-Step-3.jpg\/v4-460px-Make-Yeast-Step-3.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/2\/2c\/Make-Yeast-Step-3.jpg\/v4-728px-Make-Yeast-Step-3.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}
   3
   把一包吉利丁粉倒入麦汁里。 搅拌至吉利丁粉 完全 溶解。
4. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images_en\/thumb\/9\/94\/Make-Yeast-Step-4.jpg\/v4-460px-Make-Yeast-Step-4.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/9\/94\/Make-Yeast-Step-4.jpg\/v4-728px-Make-Yeast-Step-4.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}
   4
   将部分吉利丁和麦汁的混合液倒入制作培养菌的玻璃罐或器皿里。 倒入每个容器中的混合液应占容器容积的1/4。如果你打算用小玻璃瓶或玻璃试管装混合液，最简单的方法是用消过毒的漏斗将液体转移到容器中。 ^[1]

   • 把一个空玻璃罐或器皿放在一边，稍后制作培养酵母菌时会用到。
   广告

第二次加热：培养介质

1. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images_en\/thumb\/c\/c8\/Make-Yeast-Step-5.jpg\/v4-460px-Make-Yeast-Step-5.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/c\/c8\/Make-Yeast-Step-5.jpg\/v4-728px-Make-Yeast-Step-5.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}
   1
   准备一个大号汤锅，把玻璃罐或器皿放在汤锅底部。 锅子一定要有盖子！平时我们买的那些平底厨具这个时候就派上用场了！如果你用圆底的玻璃试管装混合液，就将试管竖着重起来。
2. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images_en\/thumb\/b\/b9\/Make-Yeast-Step-6.jpg\/v4-460px-Make-Yeast-Step-6.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/b\/b9\/Make-Yeast-Step-6.jpg\/v4-728px-Make-Yeast-Step-6.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}
   2
   往锅里倒入5到7. 5cm深的水。 当水位到达培养器皿高度的一半时，说明水加够了。注意，水不一定不能进到玻璃罐或其它培养器皿里。

   • 小心地将盖子放在瓶口。盖子不用拧紧，直接放上去就可以了——你的目的是要给盖子消毒。如果把盖子拧紧，玻璃瓶就会炸裂。
3. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images_en\/thumb\/a\/a8\/Make-Yeast-Step-7.jpg\/v4-460px-Make-Yeast-Step-7.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/a\/a8\/Make-Yeast-Step-7.jpg\/v4-728px-Make-Yeast-Step-7.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}
   3
   把汤锅里的水烧开。 为了给培养器皿杀菌，你需要保持高火，让水沸腾15分钟。接着，用食品夹把器皿从烫水里取出，放在一边彻底冷却。这个过程比较耗时，你要耐心等待。 ^[2]

   • 将杀过菌的盖子盖上前，器皿的温度至少要降到40℃，否则随着器皿中的生长介质温度降低，盖子会被紧紧地吸在瓶口，瓶子甚至会发生内向破裂。当器皿晾凉后，盖上盖子并拧紧。专家通常会将器皿倾斜着放置24小时。
   • 家庭酿酒法通常要求将玻璃试管保持一定倾斜度放置，这样麦汁和吉利丁粉的混合物凝固后也是倾斜的。 ^[3]
   广告

最后的步骤

1. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images_en\/thumb\/d\/d9\/Make-Yeast-Step-8.jpg\/v4-460px-Make-Yeast-Step-8.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/d\/d9\/Make-Yeast-Step-8.jpg\/v4-728px-Make-Yeast-Step-8.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}
   1
   将需要的工具摆放在操作台上。 你最好先把需要用到的几样工具摆放在一边，这样操作起来会更简便。你需要用到：

   • 袋装酵母粉
   • 玻璃试管
   • 拉直的回形针或长的针
   • 棉球或叠好的厨房纸巾
   • 小瓶酒精
   • 摆放在干净厨房纸巾上，装有介质的培养器皿
   • 一个连同盖子一起消过毒，且没用过的空玻璃试管。
2. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images_en\/thumb\/e\/e8\/Make-Yeast-Step-9.jpg\/v4-460px-Make-Yeast-Step-9.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/e\/e8\/Make-Yeast-Step-9.jpg\/v4-728px-Make-Yeast-Step-9.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}
   2
   根据包装上的说明准备酵母。 每个包装袋上的过程和方法都不一样，你一定要严格按照上面的指示去准备酵母。摇晃酵母，使其胀大，形成糊状。
3. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images_en\/thumb\/0\/0f\/Make-Yeast-Step-10.jpg\/v4-460px-Make-Yeast-Step-10.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/0\/0f\/Make-Yeast-Step-10.jpg\/v4-728px-Make-Yeast-Step-10.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}
   3
   开始培育酵母菌。 把酵母的包装袋打开一半。用蘸有酒精的棉球擦拭长针或回形针。这样做是为了给针消毒，防止污染物进入培养皿，影响酵母的正常培育。

   • 将少量酵母糊涂到针上，或将回形针在酵母包中转一圈，使其包裹上酵母糊。
4. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images_en\/thumb\/c\/c1\/Make-Yeast-Step-11.jpg\/v4-460px-Make-Yeast-Step-11.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/c\/c1\/Make-Yeast-Step-11.jpg\/v4-728px-Make-Yeast-Step-11.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}
   4
   把针插入吉利丁混合物中以释放酵母。 这一步必须尽快完成，不然会引起污染。可能的话，插针的时候你要屏住呼吸。 ^[4]

   • 为防止污染，有些酿酒师建议先用酒精浸湿的厨房纸巾将罐口或器皿口盖住，然后再把裹着酵母糊的长针或回形针插入混合物里。
5. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images_en\/thumb\/a\/aa\/Make-Yeast-Step-12.jpg\/v4-460px-Make-Yeast-Step-12.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/a\/aa\/Make-Yeast-Step-12.jpg\/v4-728px-Make-Yeast-Step-12.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}
   5
   把玻璃罐或器皿的盖子盖紧。 把玻璃罐放在干净、阴凉、黑暗的地方放置72小时。两三天内，混合物的斜面上会出现一层浑浊的薄膜，几天后这层膜就会变成大约1mm厚的乳白色物质。

   • 用酒精棉片把玻璃罐和盖子表面擦干净。和之前一样，器具要随时处于无菌状态。
6. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images_en\/thumb\/c\/cd\/Make-Yeast-Step-13.jpg\/v4-460px-Make-Yeast-Step-13.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/c\/cd\/Make-Yeast-Step-13.jpg\/v4-728px-Make-Yeast-Step-13.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}
   6
   将玻璃罐的盖子稍微打开一些，降低罐内积累的气压，然后把盖子再次盖紧。

   • 打开盖子时，你会听到轻微的嘶嘶声，这是因为酵母培养过程中产生的二氧化碳逃出了罐子，导致罐内气压降低。
7. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images_en\/thumb\/e\/ef\/Make-Yeast-Step-14.jpg\/v4-460px-Make-Yeast-Step-14.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/e\/ef\/Make-Yeast-Step-14.jpg\/v4-728px-Make-Yeast-Step-14.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}
   7
   在每个玻璃罐上贴上标签，注明培养日期。 把玻璃罐放在干净的冰箱里继续培养。用这种方法培育出的酵母在冰箱中的保质期是3个月。
   广告