如何让自己的病情好转

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共同创作者是 Erik Kramer, DO, MPH

参考

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没有人愿意让自己生病。不管是感冒带来的流鼻涕和喉咙干哑，还是流感引起的发烧和呕吐，大病小病都会严重影响我们工作和生活节奏，降低生活的质量。鉴于没有什么特效疗法可以迅速治愈感冒或流感，所以一般情况下你都要经历3到10天的病情发展期才能康复。好好地照料自己，可以加速痊愈的速度，早日回到工作岗位，做自己喜欢做的事情。 [1]

方法 1
方法 1 的 4:

照顾自己，别让病情恶化

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    再像往常那样出去上学和工作只会让病情更加恶化，让你感到更难受。同时还会让你周围的人生病。在家休息，好好照顾自己，能加速痊愈的速度。时刻记得，病情开始的前几天（对于感冒来说是前三天，或4到5天），你是最具有传染性的。 [2]
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    睡觉是最重要的部分，睡饱觉能让你的身体更快恢复过来。当病魔攻击你的身体时，你的身体也需要能量来对抗病魔。而睡觉正是给身体补充能量的加油站。 [3]
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    就算在此之前你每天都锻炼，并且觉得锻炼能给你补充能量，生病期间也不要出去进行高强度的锻炼了。它只会让你觉得更加精疲力竭，无法补充能量。在生病期间进行高强度的训练还会加剧呼吸问题或鼻塞问题。 [4]
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    这能清除手上的病菌，帮助你远离那些让你生病的病菌孢子。 [5] 用温热水洗手，涂抹肥皂后，揉搓至少20秒钟，来彻底消灭手上的病菌。
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方法 2
方法 2 的 4:

待在家里，照料自己让病情好转

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    “知彼知己才能百战不殆”，了解你要对抗的病魔是什么，才能对症下药，用对应的方法来治疗。感冒的症状多集中在头部 — 咳嗽、打喷嚏和流鼻涕。而流感则让你全身不舒服。流感症状包括头疼、肌肉酸痛、害冷发烧和呕吐。尽管发生流感时，你很可能不会同时受上述所有症状的折磨，但是流感会让你感觉比感冒更难受。 [6]
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    多喝水，可以帮助你“冲掉”机体里的病菌。白开水是最好的选择，但如果你不爱喝白开水，也可以根据自己的口味选择饮品。尝试每天每隔两个小时喝一大杯白开水。当你有呕吐和腹泻的症状时，也可以尝试喝一些电解质水，能为身体补充必需的电解质。 [7]
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    热茶能帮助缓解鼻塞症状，减轻喉咙干涩。茶叶中富含茶碱，可以清理肺部，减少鼻涕。选择任何一种茶都可以让你感到舒服一些。也可以在茶里加一些蜂蜜，能润滑嗓子，让你觉得更舒服。 [8]
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    如果生病没有影响你的食欲，把日常饮食换成全谷物食物、水果、蔬菜和瘦肉。尽管甜食和快餐能让你感到暂时的满足，但是它们并不能提高身体机能，不能帮助你的身体对抗病魔，也不能加速痊愈过程。生病时最好根据你的症状选择合适的食物。 [9]
    • 吃流食（如土豆泥、摊鸡蛋或奶油汤）对缓解咽喉疼痛有好处。
    • 深绿叶蔬菜、酸奶和鳄梨等富含镁或钙元素的食物，能帮助缓解身体疼痛。
    • 多喝水能缓解头疼困扰。有时候，小剂量的咖啡因饮品（咖啡或茶）也能有所助益。但是在喝了含咖啡因的饮品后要确保及时喝水、多喝水，以保持身体水分，防止脱水。
    • 对于鼻塞充血问题，可以尝试烹制“黄金奶”来缓解症状。在炉子上用文火炖两大杯椰奶，加入一茶匙姜粉和姜黄根粉，以及少量的黑胡椒。炖几分钟后，放置10分钟后饮用。姜黄根粉具有抗炎症的功效，能增强身体的免疫力。 [10]
    • 喝鸡汤。鸡汤能治疗感冒，这一传统智慧经历了多年的检验，最终证明是正确的。它能增强你的免疫力，补充电解质、各种维他命，还能帮助减少鼻涕。 [11]
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    洗热水澡能帮助你排出鼻涕，并洗掉皮肤上积聚的、让你生病的病菌，重获活力。
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    在热水里加一勺盐和一勺双氧水（可选）然后漱口。你也可以只加两小勺双氧水（室温），加的时候小心一点。你也可以直接喝下去，漱喉能有效地清理口腔和咽部的粘液。 [12]
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方法 3
方法 3 的 4:

去药店寻求帮助

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    根据你的症状，选择合适的药物。例如，咳嗽的话选择止咳药，头痛发烧的话选择止痛药或退烧药（如布洛芬和阿司匹林）。止咳糖浆或止咳药里的右美沙芬能够帮助止咳。选择含有愈创甘油醚和假麻黄碱成分的药物，来治疗鼻塞充血。如有疑问，请咨询药剂师。 [13]
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    药店里有专业的洗鼻产品，能帮助你清理鼻道，洗掉鼻涕，如洗鼻壶和缓解充血的喷雾器。这些洗鼻产品可能会让你觉得很怪异（你需要将生理盐水倒入一个鼻孔中，然后它会从另一侧流出），但是它们是非常有用的。洗鼻过程中，要确保你用来制作生理盐水的水是经过过滤处理的、纯净的水。 [14]
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    止咳糖里的成分能润滑嗓子，让你感觉更舒服。不要因为咳嗽糖吃起来好吃就不停地吃—“是药三分毒”，请按照包装里的说明确定用药量。 [15]
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方法 4
方法 4 的 4:

就医

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    咨询医生护士或其它专业人士，请他们根据你的病情量身制定合适的康复计划。专业的医护人员会直接推荐你服用某种特定的药物，或开具药方，让你去药店取药。 [16]
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    如果你有高烧（38.3°C以上）、打寒战、无法进食或咳血等症状，请即刻就医，获取更多专业的医疗救护。 [17]
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    如果她给你开了处方药，请按医嘱服药。如果医生要求你复检，也要按时进行复检。就算你感觉好些了，或是觉得不需要继续服药或复查了，都要相信专业人士的专业意见，不要无故停药，也不要随意停止治疗。
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参考

  1. ↑ http://www.webmd.com/cold-and-flu/cold-guide/flu-cold-symptoms
  2. ↑ http://goaskalice.columbia.edu/answered-questions/when-are-colds-contagious
  3. ↑ http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/04/24/sleep-sick_n_5193328.html
  4. ↑ http://www.mensfitness.com/training/training-qa-should-you-exercise-when-you%E2%80%99re-sick
  5. ↑ http://www.webmd.com/cold-and-flu/cold-guide/cold-prevention-hand-washing
  6. ↑ http://www.prevention.com/health/health-concerns/best-ways-bounce-back-cold-or-flu-fast/it-cold-or-flu
  7. ↑ http://health.usnews.com/health-news/health-wellness/articles/2014/01/27/13-ways-to-beat-a-cold
  8. ↑ http://www.prevention.com/health/health-concerns/best-ways-bounce-back-cold-or-flu-fast/sip-hot-tea
  9. ↑ http://www.health.com/health/gallery/0,,20899454,00.html
  1. ↑ http://www.freshbitesdaily.com/turmeric-milk/
  2. ↑ http://www.chatelaine.com/health/diet/does-chicken-soup-cure-a-cold/
  3. ↑ http://www.newhealthadvisor.com/Gargling-with-Peroxide.html
  4. ↑ http://www.webmd.com/cold-and-flu/buy-fast-relief-cold-flu
  5. ↑ http://www.webmd.com/allergies/sinus-pain-pressure-11/neti-pots?page=2
  6. ↑ http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/10/26/sore-throat-treatment_n_2022274.html
  7. ↑ http://www.canisius.edu/dotAsset/8c5d44e6-a8f4-431f-8ce6-3e2b2ebbaa84.pdf
  8. ↑ http://www.prevention.com/health/health-concerns/best-ways-bounce-back-cold-or-flu-fast/case-emergency

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