如何避免身上的静电损坏电脑

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共同创作者是 Luigi Oppido

参考

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这篇文章会教你如何采取必要的预防措施，避免因为静电放电而损坏电脑的精密内部零件。尽管因为静电而损坏电脑的可能性并不大，但以下措施能够让电脑里的关键零件更加安全。

部分 1
部分 1 的 2:

准备工作台面

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    在干净、坚硬的表面拆装电脑，尽量减少静电积聚。桌子、工作台或木板都是不错的选择。
    • 在进行任何需要自己保持接地的操作时，都不要把电脑放到地毯、毛毯或毛巾等物品上。
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    袜子在地毯上摩擦会让你的身体带上静电。所以要光脚站在木地板、瓷砖或其他坚硬地板上。 [1]
    • 如果迫不得已必须站在地毯上操作，那就得每隔几分钟主动 让自己接地 。
    • 你可以穿双橡胶拖鞋来完全阻断身体与地板的接触，不过对于在家里拆装电脑而言，这有些小题大做了。
    • 任何橡胶鞋底都足以起到阻断连接的效果。
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    羊毛和某些合成纤维特别容易聚集静电。因此，操作时最好不要穿这类材质的衣服，而要改穿纯棉衣服。
    • 如果可能，在拆装电脑之前洗一下衣服，然后再包上烘衣纸烘干衣服，以便尽量减少静电积聚。
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    干燥环境更容易产生静电。如果家里正好有加湿器，那就可以打开给空气加湿；要是没有，也不用特地去买。其他的预防措施已经绰绰有余。 [2]
    • 你还可以挂块湿布在暖气片上或风扇前，这样也能升高空气湿度。
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    所有新电脑零件都应存放在其原装的防静电袋中，等到安装时再取出来。
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部分 2
部分 2 的 2:

让自己接地

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    为了防止身上聚集的静电被传到敏感的电脑零件，你得找个耐静电的东西来释放掉身体上的静电。大多数情况下，和地面直接接触或间接连接到地面的金属物品都可以。
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    大部分装机者都会采用这种方法：在触碰或安装可能因静电而受损的零件之前（比如主板），先把手放到电脑机箱未上漆的金属部分。
    • 为了彻底确保静电不会损坏电脑零件，在安装时，你可以把非惯用手放在机箱的金属件上。
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    触碰的金属物品必须没有上漆，并且确定已接地，比如电脑机箱的金属散热器和屏蔽隔板。这种方法既简单又快捷，是许多人装机时的首选。除此以外，他们都不用采取任何其他预防措施。
    • 这样可能还不足以彻底避免静电危害，尽管这种可能性不大，但也不容忽视。如果操作时间很短，而且零件的价格也不贵，你也可以不采取其他措施。
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    这种手环价格便宜，在电子产品卖场和网上都能买到。戴上手环，让它紧贴皮肤，同时把另一端的鳄鱼夹固定到已经接地并且没有上漆的金属物品上，比如螺丝等。
    • 不要使用无线手环，它们没有消除静电的作用。 [3]
    • 如果你买到的是带金属圈的手环（没有鳄鱼夹），那就把金属圈套在墙面插板的中心螺丝上。这样就实现了接地（至少符合美国的标准）。当然，你也可以借助万用表来检查确认。 [4]
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    让自己保持接地的一种常用方法是找一根导电的金属丝系到脚趾或手腕上，然后把金属丝的另一头系到接地且未上漆的金属物体上。如果你手头有现成材料，而且又无法找到坚硬的台面来进行操作，这也是一种理想的方法。
  6. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images_en\/thumb\/2\/2e\/Ground-Yourself-to-Avoid-Destroying-a-Computer-with-Electrostatic-Discharge-Step-11.jpg\/v4-460px-Ground-Yourself-to-Avoid-Destroying-a-Computer-with-Electrostatic-Discharge-Step-11.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/2\/2e\/Ground-Yourself-to-Avoid-Destroying-a-Computer-with-Electrostatic-Discharge-Step-11.jpg\/v4-728px-Ground-Yourself-to-Avoid-Destroying-a-Computer-with-Electrostatic-Discharge-Step-11.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}
    购买能“传导静电”或“耗散静电”的防静电台垫，把电脑零件放到台垫上，工作时要让身体与台垫保持接触。某些型号的台垫还可与防静电手环连接。
    • 维修电脑时使用乙烯塑料防静电台垫就可以了；橡胶材质的台垫更贵，因此没多大必要。 [5]
    • 除非你非常在意，否则对于在家自己拆装电脑而言，以上的措施已经足够。
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小提示

  • 拿放CPU时，只能触碰它的边缘。尽量不要触摸裸露的针脚、电路或金属顶端。 [6]
  • 对静电放电损坏计算机这一问题的担忧和十年前已截然不同。尽管防止意外放电的措施必不可少，但大部分新式电脑零件都采用了各种内置的防护设备，以此来防止静电损坏零件。 [7]
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警告

  • 即使在组装时没有察觉任何静电放电现象，但微弱的电流仍有可能损坏电脑零件，或者缩短它们的使用寿命。在最坏的情况下（非常罕见），强烈的电流冲击会对主板造成永久性的损坏。 [8]
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参考

  1. ↑ http://www.pcadvisor.co.uk/how-to/pc-components/how-ground-yourself-before-touching-cpu-3579668/
  2. ↑ http://www.gamersnexus.net/guides/920-electrostatic-discharge-prevent-esd
  3. ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=z3IP2eqLGXoC
  4. ↑ http://www.gamersnexus.net/guides/920-electrostatic-discharge-prevent-esd
  5. ↑ http://www.transforming-technologies.com/blog/index.php/how-to-choose-an-esd-mat/
  6. ↑ http://www.pcadvisor.co.uk/how-to/pc-components/how-ground-yourself-before-touching-cpu-3579668/
  7. ↑ https://www.gamespot.com/forums/pc-mac-linux-society-1000004/how-to-ground-yourself-without-the-wristband-27010725/
  8. ↑ http://pc.buildyourown.org.uk/anti-static/

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