如何5分钟止咳

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共同创作者是 Chris M. Matsko, MD

参考

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不断咳嗽让人难受又心烦。长期咳嗽可能由喉咙干燥、流涕或哮喘引起。快速止咳的关键是根据咳嗽类型选择合适的解决办法。

方法 1
方法 1 的 3:

补充水分

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    和其他常见疾病一样，要治疗咳嗽，首先要补充足够水分。如果你的咳嗽是由于喉咙干燥引起的，补充水分可能就已经足够止咳了。就算咳嗽是由于其他原因引起的，多喝水准没错。 [1]
    • 如果你的喉咙已经因为咳嗽开始发炎、红肿，尽量避免饮用可能会让喉咙情况恶化的饮料，比如酸性果汁（橙汁之类）。
    • 奶类也要少喝。牛奶是否会引起更多粘液产生，这依然是个未解之谜，但牛奶（尤其是全脂牛奶）会粘附在喉咙里，让你感觉痰更多。不过，如果你的咳嗽是由刺激或干燥引起的，冰凉的奶制品可能有舒缓作用。 [2] [3]
    • 如果不确定咳嗽原因，还是喝水比较稳妥。
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    对于某些类型的咳嗽，比如喉咙充血或流涕引起的咳嗽，热饮比冷饮或常温饮料更能有效止咳。
    • 不管是你钟爱的蜂蜜草本茶，还是普通热柠檬水，根据美国肺脏协会首席医疗官所说，“所有热饮都有助稀释呼吸道中的粘液”。 [4]
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    尤其对于由着凉或流感引起的咳嗽，盐水几乎百试百灵。
    • 用盐水漱口，或用生理盐水型鼻腔喷剂，都能帮助杀灭导致鼻后流液的细菌或者病毒，这种鼻后流液就是引起咳嗽的罪魁祸首。还能冲刷掉喉咙的粘液，让你暂时舒一口气。
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    传统疗法认为冲澡或增湿器产生的蒸汽可以有助治疗咳嗽，但这种方式仅适用于由于空气干燥引起的咳嗽。
    • 如果你的咳嗽是由于充血、哮喘、尘螨、霉菌或其他原因引起，潮湿的空气反而会让你的病情加重。 [5]
方法 2
方法 2 的 3:

改变环境

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    平躺可能会导致粘液流入喉咙。
    • 举个例子，如果睡觉的时候咳嗽，你可以用枕头将头垫高，避免流涕流入喉咙引起咳嗽。 [6]
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    远离污染严重的空气，比如吸烟烟雾。 [7] 空气中的粒子可能会直接引起咳嗽，或引发其他原因，导致咳嗽恶化。
    • 强烈的香气，比如香水，可能会导致咳嗽。 [8]
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    避免吹风、风扇、暖气和空调，因为流动的空气可能会使咳嗽恶化。 [9]
    • 很多咳嗽的人都觉得吹风会令咳嗽恶化，因为流动的空气可能会令呼吸道更加干燥，或是让喉咙感觉瘙痒，引起咳嗽。
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    虽然多数呼吸练习的目的都是治疗长期疾病，比如慢性肺栓塞疾病，但其实还能用来治疗咳嗽。
    • 在众多类型的呼吸练习中，可以尝试“控制呼吸”或“撅嘴呼吸”法。比如撅嘴呼吸法，先将嘴巴嘟起，像是吹口哨一样，然后慢慢呼气，心里默数4下。 [10] [11]
方法 3
方法 3 的 3:

采取进一步措施

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    如果咳嗽还是没有缓解，可以试试止咳药物。
    • 止咳药物通常含有两种成分：稀释粘液的祛痰成分，以及阻止咳嗽反射的抑制剂。看看挑选的止咳药物包装上的成分表，选择最适合你的止咳药。 [12]
    • 医生可以开含有可待因止咳糖浆的处方单，可待因是一种非常有效的咳嗽抑制剂。由于可待因有成瘾性，一定要遵循医嘱，按照剂量指引使用。
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    如果咳嗽刺激喉咙充血，可以试试喉糖、吃点冰凉的东西（比如棒冰）或是用盐水漱口。 [13]
    • 很多咳嗽药物都含有少量麻醉成分减少咳嗽反射。冰凉的东西，比如棒冰，也一样可以暂时麻痹喉咙。 [14]
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    不管是薄荷糖、膏体还是喷雾都可以，研究表明薄荷能有效缓解咳嗽。 [15] [16]
    • 薄荷会提高“咳嗽阈值”，也就是不再那么容易就会引起咳嗽。 [17]
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    如果咳嗽伴随呼吸短促、粘液带血、严重疼痛，或是超过38°C的高烧及其他严重的症状，马上去看医生。 [18]

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参考

  1. ↑ http://symptoms.webmd.com/cold-and-flu-map-tool/soothe-nighttime-cough
  2. ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/common-cold/expert-answers/phlegm/faq-20058015
  3. ↑ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2154152
  4. ↑ http://www.webmd.com/cold-and-flu/features/nighttime-relief
  5. ↑ http://www.webmd.com/cold-and-flu/features/nighttime-relief
  6. ↑ http://www.webmd.com/cold-and-flu/features/nighttime-relief
  7. ↑ http://symptoms.webmd.com/cold-and-flu-map-tool/treating-your-cough
  8. ↑ https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/medical-mysteries-she-couldnt-stop-coughing-were-fragrances-to-blame/2015/07/27/7ffad2c2-0c57-11e5-95fd-d580f1c5d44e_story.html
  9. ↑ http://symptoms.webmd.com/cold-and-flu-map-tool/soothe-nighttime-cough
  1. ↑ http://www.healthline.com/health/copd/breathing-exercises
  2. ↑ https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases_conditions/hic_Understanding_COPD/hic_Pulmonary_Rehabilitation_Is_it_for_You/hic_Controlled_Coughing
  3. ↑ http://www.webmd.com/cold-and-flu/features/nighttime-relief
  4. ↑ http://symptoms.webmd.com/cold-and-flu-map-tool/treating-your-cough
  5. ↑ http://www.webmd.com/cold-and-flu/features/cough-relief-how-lose-bad-cough
  6. ↑ http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/803288
  7. ↑ http://www.webmd.com/cold-and-flu/cold-guide/cough-syrup-cough-medicine
  8. ↑ http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/803288
  9. ↑ http://symptoms.webmd.com/cold-and-flu-map-tool/treating-your-cough

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