Q&A for How to Hack a Database

You have to figure out the parameters of the school exam council. What do you want to hack? Is wifi available? Do they have (connected) cameras in the room? A big part of being a hacker is finding an entry point. So, make sure you study the situation before doing anything big.

With difficulty. Governments across the world build in to their risk assessments the possibility of users with malicious intent and overseas government agencies and build in safeguards against these. Unless you are an experienced hacker, you will stand little to no chance of getting in. You're better off searching for tutorials and general advice on hacking data centers rather than specifically asking about government ones. I am a business analyst for a government organization currently working on data center replication.

Often most people will use simple exploits. OSes Such as Kali Linux have a huge variety of tools.

Try getting wireless traffic monitoring software such as Wireshark. Other methods can be found in Rapid7's exploit database; metapsloit. Make sure you are complying with the laws of your jurisdiction.