Cara Memberikan Alamat IP pada Komputer Linux

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   1
   Buatlah salinan berkas /etc/network/interfaces dengan menulis perintah berikut di konsol: 'cp /etc/network/interfaces /etc/network/interfaces.backup'
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   2
   Ketik 'vi /etc/network/interfaces', lalu tekan "Enter". Tekan 'i' untuk memasuki modus penyuntingan.
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   3
   Geserlah hingga Anda menemukan kartu jaringan pada berkas. Kartu jaringan tersebut biasanya bernama eth0 untuk kartu jaringan Ethernet, atau wlan0/wifi0 untuk jaringan nirkabel.
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   4
   Ubah 'iface eth0 inet dhcp' menjadi 'iface eth0 inet static'
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   5
   Tambahkan baris berikut ini pada berkas. Gantikan alamat IP dengan alamat IP yang Anda inginkan:address 192.168.0.10netmask 255.255.255.0network 192.168.0.0broadcast 192.168.0.255gateway 192.168.0.1dns-nameservers 216.10.119.241
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   6
   Simpanlah berkas dan keluarlah dari penyunting. Tekan "Esc" untuk memasuki modus perintah vi, lalu tulis ":wq". Tekan "Enter".
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   7
   Masukkan 'ifdown eth0' dan tekan "Enter".
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   8
   Masukkan 'ifup eth0' dan tekan "Enter".
   Iklan

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   1
   Cara termudah mengatur IP di Red Hat atau Slackware adalah dengan mengetik "netconfig" pada versi distribusi lama, atau "ifconfig/netstat" pada versi distribusi baru. Jalankan perintah di konsol sebagai "root". Menu berbasis teks akan membantu Anda mengatur konfigurasi yang diperlukan.
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   2
   Tuliskan perintah berikut di konsol: nano /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 . Gunakan "Tab" untuk berpindah antarkolom, dan gunakan spasi untuk mencentangi atau menghapus centang pada kotak cek.
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   3
   Setelah Anda memasukkan pengaturan yang diinginkan, tutup jendela pengaturan.
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   4
   Untuk menerapkan peraturan, masukkan perintah 'service network restart' ke konsol, lalu tekan "Enter". Langkah tersebut tidak diperlukan jika Anda menggunakan Slackware -- perubahan Anda akan diterapkan secara otomatis. Catatan: Ada berbagai distribusi yang berbasis Red Hat Linux, seperti Fedora Core, CentOS, White Box, dll. Kebanyakan sistem operasi tersebut mungkin memiliki perintah konfigurasi IP yang sama.
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Metode berikut ini sedikit lebih rumit. Anda tetap memerlukan konsol, namun langkah-langkahnya seharusnya bekerja untuk setiap distribusi Linux modern. Program konfigurasi yang digunakan adalah "ip", dan berada di folder "/sbin/".

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   Ketahui nama antarmuka jaringan yang akan digunakan. Untuk menampilkan seluruh antarmuka jaringan yang tersedia, jalankan perintah "/sbin/ip link". Daftar nama antarmuka, alamat MAC, dan informasi lain akan muncul di layar.
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   2
   Terapkan alamat IP dengan subperintah "addr", seperti "/sbin/ip addr add 192.168.0.10/24 dev [INTERFACE_NAME]".

   • Jalur akses bawaan ditambahkan dengan subperintah "route", seperti "/sbin/ip route add default via [GATEWAY_ADDRESS]".
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   3
   Aktifkan antarmuka jaringan dengan subperintah "link": "/sbin/ip link set [INTERFACE_NAME] up". Jika seluruh data yang Anda masukkan benar, jaringan akan berjalan dengan normal. Sayangnya, seluruh pengaturan jaringan akan hilang jika Anda memulai ulang sistem, jadi jika Anda ingin mengembalikan pengaturan setelah sistem dimulai, tambahkan seluruh perintah di atas pada "/etc/rc.local" -- sebuah berkas yang dijalankan saat sistem dimulai.
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Alamat IP dinamis didapatkan secara otomatis dan umumnya tidak memerlukan perhatian pengguna, namun ada beberapa kasus spesifik yang harus diperhatikan:

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   1
   Jika jaringan tidak aktif saat sistem dinyalakan, koneksi internet mungkin tidak akan tersedia bahkan setelah masalah jaringan selesai. Untuk mengembalikan koneksi internet dengan segera, jalankan perintah "dhclient" sebagai root . Alamat dinamis pun akan diatur kembali.
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   2
   Situasi yang sama juga mungkin dapat terjadi apabila jaringan diakses oleh perangkat keras yang dimulai bersamaan dengan komputer Anda. Dalam beberapa kasus, Linux aktif lebih cepat dari "router" jaringan dan tidak menemukan jaringan saat dimulai. Temukan dhclient.conf (misalnya /etc/dhcp3/dhclient.conf untuk Debian) dan tambahkan/perbaiki baris reboot nn; . Gantikan nn dengan jarak waktu tunggu untuk proses aktivasi "router" setelah sistem aktif.
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