How to Learn the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)

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Simple steps to memorize and use the IPA
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IPA symbols can be immensely useful when learning a new language, as they reveal to us immediately what sounds we should be making. Plus the majority of the symbols are the same throughout all languages, so once we have them mastered we can transfer this skill to learning many new poems, conversational language and so on. It can also be useful for classical vocal singing, when the symbols can be written beneath the libretto to reveal how it needs to be pronounced.

Steps

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  1. If you create a list of all the symbols in their chronological sound order, or in the order which you feel you have learnt them in, then you will be able to see all of the information that you need to learn at once and can keep this as a reference material which can be kept in one place.
    • Write beside each symbol an example of a word which would use it - this can be in your first language or a secondary (whichever you feel most comfortable with).
    • Also write beside each symbol a clear explanation which will work with the example you have written to ensure you can understand quickly and readily what each IPA symbol means and how it can be used successfully.
  2. Once you have your list of sample symbols, you can then begin to transfer this to experimental exercises which will reveal how you think about the process of learning languages, enabling you to begin memorising them more efficiently.
    • Group together the symbols you think are relevant - such as open and closed vowel sounds, which should all go in to the same category.
    • You could also group specific sounds under language subtitles - e.g. how does the German umlaut sound on particular vowels?
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  3. Learning subconsciously is perhaps one of the greatest assets we as humans possess. Because if you use these exercises as posters for example, they will constantly be a part of your surroundings and you will be able to pay attention to this with easy access, hence it will not feel too much like revision.
    • Make it suitable to your learning style - if you are a visual learner, colour code things and if you need to hear something, perhaps you could put together playlists that have a really specific example of a certain IPA symbol in the songs.
    • For example, get a poem in your first language and write out the IPA beneath the lines. Then speak it through to check if you are correct.
    • Push yourself even further by attempting to apply IPA mentally when listening to music or to a movie. Compare how sounds of a certain symbol differ to others and remember the contrast for future use.
    • Apply the skill to other languages also - it is an incredibly useful skill which can unlock many doors in the modern foreign languages, and provide a lot of foundation work on which to begin speaking one.
    • Keep up these exercises and attempt to further use IPA from memory when doing so. The listening exercises mean you will not have your paper reference to help you, so this can be an advantage.
  5. Depending on how you learn, there are many methods to begin memorising the IPA symbols (such as the posters or listening exercises mentioned earlier) but sometimes you will need to revert to the old, applicable and easy methods, such as copying out the symbols over and over in order to remember their meanings.
    • If you keep up some sort of repetitive behaviour (like writing things out) make sure you have short regular test exercises from memory so that you can track your progress and see where your weaker areas are.
    • Focus on your weaker areas - if you already know the symbol for an open E sound (a backwards 3) then there is no sense in writing this out over and over. Instead focus on an area you know you have been struggling with, such as double consonants.
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Community Q&A

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  • Question
    How do I learn to say IPA symbols?
    Community Answer
    IPA is just phonetic representation of the speech sounds in a language. One of the easiest ways to learn these sounds and how to articulate them is by finding examples words that contain the sound. Something to keep in mind is that not every language contains every phonetic sound/symbol.
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      Tips

      • The website IPA source is incredibly useful to applying IPA immediately to a musical piece/poem. Much of the work of Schiller can be found analysed on here. It is easily accessible and is usually provided for free in most educational institutions such as university libraries.
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      • Keep a varied number of sources such as magazine and photocopies, so that you will always have something new to analyse with the symbols and put them to good use.
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      • Knowing IPA will not only help you with language/s, but also others. Speech therapists and linguistic coaches use this method constantly in their day to day work, so knowing IPA may mean this could become an area of employment to you if you keep this skill in practice regularly.
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      Warnings

      • A language cannot be learnt entirely from IPA, it is purely a means of learning how to pronounce the vocabulary incorporated in a language.
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