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The Epstein-Barr virus, or EBV, is a very common virus. It can cause infectious mononucleosis (“mono”), especially in young adults and adolescents; however, not everyone gets mono, and some people have no symptoms at all, making the virus tough to spot. [1] X Trustworthy Source Cleveland Clinic Educational website from one of the world's leading hospitals Go to source If you're concerned, there are some key symptoms to watch out for.
Steps
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Watch for flu-like symptoms. When the symptoms first occur, you may feel like you have a cold or the flu. For example, you may get a runny nose, headache, fever, sore throat, or cough. You might also feel more tired or achy than usual. [2] X Research source www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/epstein-barr-virus As you get sicker you might experience more serious symptoms that are associated with mono.
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Take your temperature. With EBV or mono, you might run a fever of about 102°F or 39°C.Advertisement
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Try swallowing. Both pain when you swallow and a sore throat that lasts for over two weeks are typical of the virus and mono. [3] X Research source www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/epstein-barr-virus
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Look in your throat. About 30% of people with EBV also get strep throat. [4] X Trustworthy Source American Academy of Family Physicians Organization devoted to improving the health of patients, families, and communities Go to source Usually you’ll see white blotches on your throat and tonsils when you have strep throat. A health care provider can test you for strep throat and prescribe antibiotics if you test positive for the infection.
- If you have both mono and strep, use of amoxicillin should be avoided due to risk of drug-related rash.
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Notice if you’re feeling especially tired or sore. People with mono or EBV often complain of long-term fatigue, achy muscles, and weakness. You might also feel a general malaise or strong sense that you’re simply not as healthy as usual. If your upper-left abdomen is sore, you might have a swollen spleen. [5] X Research source
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Feel for tender and/or swollen lymph nodes. You might have swollen lymph nodes in your neck or armpits. Here are some suggestions for checking for swelling: [6] X Trustworthy Source Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Main public health institute for the US, run by the Dept. of Health and Human Services Go to source
- Feel the area around your larynx and under your jaw. It may be helpful to turn your head towards the side you’re checking or to hunch your shoulders forward. This will relax your muscles. You’re looking for any tenderness or swelling. Enlarged lymph nodes at the back of your neck are very common with mono.
- Use your opposite hand to check under your arm. Lift your right arm slightly and feel under it with your left hand. You should feel around the borders and in the middle of your armpit.
- Try sitting down when checking your lymph nodes so you’re most relaxed.
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Check for a rash. The rash will first appear on your torso and upper arms, then may spread to your face and forearms. You can also develop red splotches on the roof of your mouth. If you take antibiotics to fight any other infections you might get as a result of EBV, you can also develop rashes related to those antibiotics. Rashes in EBV patients can appear in many ways, including: [7] X Trustworthy Source DermNet NZ Online clinical resource website written and run by dermatologists providing evidence-based information about dermatology and skin health Go to source
- Red spots that look like measles
- Raised bumps
- Little blisters
- Purplish
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Get plenty of rest. Since mono is a virus and can't be cured with medication, supportive treatment is recommended. Resting will give your body a chance to heal itself and will help if you’re feeling very tired all of the time. [8] X Trustworthy Source Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Main public health institute for the US, run by the Dept. of Health and Human Services Go to source
- Try to avoid being completely inactive — move around a little when you can. Clinical evidence shows that prolonged time in bed might slow down your recovery. [9] X Trustworthy Source American Academy of Family Physicians Organization devoted to improving the health of patients, families, and communities Go to source
- Return to your normal activities slowly.
- Consider taking time off of work or school until you’re feeling like yourself again.
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Drink lots of water and other liquids. Drinking will relieve your sore throat and keep your system hydrated. Keep in mind that your body also needs more water when you have a fever. [10] X Trustworthy Source Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Main public health institute for the US, run by the Dept. of Health and Human Services Go to source
- Avoid drinking alcohol when you are sick and for several months after you begin feeling better, as mono can affect your liver, and the addition of alcohol may cause damage. [11] X Research source
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Take over-the-counter pain relievers. These can help your headache, muscle pain, and soreness. You can use ibuprofen and throat lozenges to decrease pain and increase comfort. Pain relievers are also effective for lowering your fever. [12] X Trustworthy Source Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Main public health institute for the US, run by the Dept. of Health and Human Services Go to source
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Try different ways to relieve your sore throat. [13] X Research source The methods here can help ease your sore throat and can relieve any discomfort you feel from splotches on the roof of your mouth:
- Suck on popsicles, cough drops, or lozenges (try Cepacol).
- Gargle with salt water (but don’t swallow!).
- Drink hot tea with honey.
- Use an over-the-counter throat spray, such as Chloraseptic spray.
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Avoid heavy lifting or pushing and all contact sports. Strenuous activity can rupture your spleen, which is very dangerous. If you experience serious complications, like a ruptured spleen, you may need to be hospitalized. [14] X Research source
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Visit your health care provider. Mononucleosis may have similar symptoms as strep throat, so it is very important to distinguish between the two conditions in order to get the right treatment. A doctor or nurse practitioner may do a monospot test in their office to help with diagnosis of mononucleosis. Depending on your condition they can choose the right treatment for you. In severe cases of mono your healthcare provider may prescribe steroids to reduce swelling in your spleen or liver; such treatment is needed only in severe cases of mono. You can also be prescribed antibiotics to fight strep throat. Your health care provider might also do blood tests to look for antibodies that your immune system makes in response to EBV and/or white blood cells that your body makes to fight EBV. [15] X Trustworthy Source MedlinePlus Collection of medical information sourced from the US National Library of Medicine Go to source
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Do not share items that come into contact with saliva. Avoid sharing toothbrushes, drinking glasses, water bottles, utensils, lip products, and other personal items with other people. EBV is most commonly spread through saliva, so you can reduce your chances of getting it if you don’t share these sorts of items, even with people who appear healthy. [16] X Research source
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Don’t kiss someone with symptoms of mono or EBV. Because EBV is found in saliva, you can get it through kissing (this is why mono is called the "kissing disease"), sharing drinking glasses, or using someone else’s toothbrush. [17] X Research source
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Don’t have sex with someone with symptoms of mono or EBV. The virus is also in blood and semen, so you can get it by having sex, from a blood transfusion, or an organ transplant from someone with the virus. [18] X Trustworthy Source Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Main public health institute for the US, run by the Dept. of Health and Human Services Go to source
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Expert Q&A
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QuestionHow do you know if you have mono?Luba Lee, FNP-BC is a Board-Certified Family Nurse Practitioner (FNP) and educator in Tennessee with over a decade of clinical experience. Luba has certifications in Pediatric Advanced Life Support (PALS), Emergency Medicine, Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS), Team Building, and Critical Care Nursing. She received her Master of Science in Nursing (MSN) from the University of Tennessee in 2006.One way to diagnose mono is with monospot test that can be performed in the office. Most walk-in clinics have monospot test kits.
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Tips
- The CDC does not recommend any explicit prevention procedures. [19] X Trustworthy Source Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Main public health institute for the US, run by the Dept. of Health and Human Services Go to sourceThanks
- EBV and infectious mononucleosis are almost never fatal.Thanks
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Warnings
- After you get the virus, it stays in your body. You can spread the virus even if you do not have any symptoms and you can pass on the virus at any time. [20] X Trustworthy Source Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Main public health institute for the US, run by the Dept. of Health and Human Services Go to sourceThanks
- Although rarely seen, involvement of the central nervous system and heart problems may occur. [21] X Trustworthy Source American Academy of Family Physicians Organization devoted to improving the health of patients, families, and communities Go to sourceThanks
- EBV may contribute to the development of some cancers. These are nasopharyngeal carcinoma and Burkitt's lymphoma. These cancers are rare and may not be caused solely by EBV.Thanks
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References
- ↑ https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/13974-mononucleosis
- ↑ www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/epstein-barr-virus
- ↑ www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/epstein-barr-virus
- ↑ https://www.aafp.org/afp/2004/1001/p1279.html
- ↑ https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/epstein-barr-virus
- ↑ https://www.cdc.gov/epstein-barr/index.html
- ↑ https://www.dermnetnz.org/topics/infectious-mononucleosis/
- ↑ https://www.cdc.gov/epstein-barr/about-ebv.html
- ↑ https://www.aafp.org/afp/2004/1001/p1279.html
- ↑ https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/drinking/nutrition/index.html
- ↑ https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/mono-alcohol.html
- ↑ https://www.cdc.gov/epstein-barr/about-ebv.html
- ↑ https://youngwomenshealth.org/2013/10/08/mononucleosis/
- ↑ https://patient.info/ears-nose-throat-mouth/sore-throat-2/glandular-fever-infectious-mononucleosis
- ↑ https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/mononucleosis-mono-tests/
- ↑ https://youngwomenshealth.org/2013/10/08/mononucleosis/
- ↑ https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/mononucleosis
- ↑ https://www.cdc.gov/epstein-barr/about-ebv.html
- ↑ https://www.cdc.gov/epstein-barr/about-ebv.html
- ↑ https://www.cdc.gov/epstein-barr/about-ebv.html
- ↑ https://www.aafp.org/afp/2004/1001/p1279.html
About This Article
Article Summary
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To recognize Epstein-Barr symptoms, keep an eye out for flu-like symptoms, such as a runny nose, headaches, sore throat, coughing, fatigue, and achy muscles. You can also take your temperature to see if you have a fever. Since Epstein-Barr virus can lead to a rash, check your torso, upper arms, forearms, and face for any red spots, raised bumps, or little blisters. If you have any of these symptoms, visit a doctor so they can make a professional diagnosis and give you treatment options. Then, while you're at home, make sure to get plenty of rest and drink lots of fluids. For more help from our Medical co-author, including how to avoid catching Epstein-Barr virus from someone, read on!
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