如何精炼黄金

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你没想到吧，你可以自己在家里精炼黄金！安全精炼少量黄金的方法有很多种。这篇教程会告诉你如何用王水精炼黄金。

方法 1
方法 1 的 6:

熔化黄金

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    大多数坩埚都是石墨做的，因此可以承受熔化所盛放物品的高温。
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    将火苗对准金子，直到金子完全熔化。
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    这叫做“做小球”。如果你要精炼的是小分量的黄金，像是戒指之类的，那么不用经过这一步，直接熔化就可以了。
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方法 2
方法 2 的 6:

加王水

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    • 每一盎司需要精炼的黄金，你需要准备的容器容积至少要达到300毫升。
    • 可以用尺寸比较大的塑料桶，或者Pyrex Vision Ware牌厨具的玻璃锅。
  2. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images_en\/thumb\/5\/58\/Refine-Gold-Step-7.jpg\/v4-460px-Refine-Gold-Step-7.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/5\/58\/Refine-Gold-Step-7.jpg\/v4-728px-Refine-Gold-Step-7.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}
    • 带上一双橡皮手套，保护你的手免受强酸损害。记得，在接触本篇教程中提到的任何化学品之前务必都要先戴手套。
    • 戴一条橡胶围裙，保护你的衣服。
    • 戴一副护目镜，保护眼睛。
    • 可以考虑戴面具，避免吸入有害气体。
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    在处理过程中，这种强酸产生的气体很可能具有巨大危害，非常危险。
  4. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images_en\/thumb\/e\/ef\/Refine-Gold-Step-9.jpg\/v4-460px-Refine-Gold-Step-9.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/e\/ef\/Refine-Gold-Step-9.jpg\/v4-728px-Refine-Gold-Step-9.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}
    留出30分钟时间，让硝酸和黄金发生反应。
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    留出一整夜的时间以供反应，直到产生的气体全部散尽。
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    • 要确保不要把小块的金子和酸一起倒了出来，不然可能会损坏黄金。
    • 酸应该呈宝石绿色。如果颜色浑浊，那么你应该将酸用布氏过滤漏斗过滤。
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方法 3
方法 3 的 6:

加入尿素和沉淀剂

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    继续加热到沸腾。
  2. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images_en\/thumb\/d\/d3\/Refine-Gold-Step-13.jpg\/v4-460px-Refine-Gold-Step-13.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/d\/d3\/Refine-Gold-Step-13.jpg\/v4-728px-Refine-Gold-Step-13.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}
    • 酸会在你加入水和尿素的同时起泡。动作一定要慢，防止强酸起的泡溢出容器。
    • 用水和尿素中和硝酸，但是不要中和混合物中的盐酸。
  3. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images_en\/thumb\/d\/dd\/Refine-Gold-Step-14.jpg\/v4-460px-Refine-Gold-Step-14.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/d\/dd\/Refine-Gold-Step-14.jpg\/v4-728px-Refine-Gold-Step-14.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}
    • 通常情况下，每精炼1盎司（28克左右）黄金，你要加入1盎司沉淀剂。
    • 不要把脸靠近打开的容器，因为气味很重很刺鼻。
  4. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images_en\/thumb\/a\/ac\/Refine-Gold-Step-15.jpg\/v4-460px-Refine-Gold-Step-15.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/a\/ac\/Refine-Gold-Step-15.jpg\/v4-728px-Refine-Gold-Step-15.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}
    • 酸会变成泥土一样的棕色，而这实际上是由被分离的黄金粒子引起的。
    • 等30分钟，让沉淀剂对黄金充分发挥作用。
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方法 4
方法 4 的 6:

测试用于溶解黄金的酸

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    如果这一点变紫，那么就需要先留给沉淀剂更多的时间沉淀，然后再把酸倒掉。
  4. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images_en\/thumb\/d\/d3\/Refine-Gold-Step-19.jpg\/v4-460px-Refine-Gold-Step-19.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/d\/d3\/Refine-Gold-Step-19.jpg\/v4-728px-Refine-Gold-Step-19.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}
    • 这时候酸应该呈琥珀色，容器底部则应该有泥土状的物质。
    • 可别把“泥土”倒掉，这可都是纯金。
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方法 5
方法 5 的 6:

清洗黄金

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    你会看到泥状黄金表面出现白色水雾。一定要注意保护眼睛，不要吸入气体。
  5. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images_en\/thumb\/0\/06\/Refine-Gold-Step-24.jpg\/v4-460px-Refine-Gold-Step-24.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/0\/06\/Refine-Gold-Step-24.jpg\/v4-728px-Refine-Gold-Step-24.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}
  6. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images_en\/thumb\/8\/86\/Refine-Gold-Step-25.jpg\/v4-460px-Refine-Gold-Step-25.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/8\/86\/Refine-Gold-Step-25.jpg\/v4-728px-Refine-Gold-Step-25.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}
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方法 6
方法 6 的 6:

重塑黄金

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    打开加热板，慢慢加热烧杯，这样烧杯不会由于积聚加热而破裂。
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    如果你整个过程中做得正确，泥状黄金这时候会看起来像金属了，而且纯度高达99%。
  5. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images_en\/thumb\/2\/21\/Refine-Gold-Step-30.jpg\/v4-460px-Refine-Gold-Step-30.jpg","bigUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/2\/21\/Refine-Gold-Step-30.jpg\/v4-728px-Refine-Gold-Step-30.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><\/div>"}
    然后如果你愿意，就可以把金子带到珠宝商那，或者带到贵重金属商那换钱了。
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小提示

  • 先把黄金精炼，再拿去卖，可以多卖不少钱。
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警告

  • 记得一定要了解清楚与你精炼黄金要使用的化学试剂有关的法律法规。
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你需要准备

  • 金首饰或者金块
  • 石墨坩埚
  • 乙快焊炬
  • 至少3个大的塑料桶或者玻璃锅。
  • 塑胶手套
  • 塑胶围裙
  • 护目镜
  • 面具
  • 硝酸
  • 盐酸
  • 尿素
  • 专用于黄金的沉淀剂
  • 搅拌棒
  • 纸巾
  • 贵金属测试液体
  • 氨水
  • 蒸馏水
  • 玻璃烧杯
  • 加热盘
  • 铸造模

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参考

  1. How to Refine Gold
  2. Recovery and Refinery of Gold Jewelry Scraps and Wastes
  3. How to Refine Gold by the Acid Method

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