Cara Berbagi Berkas Antarkomputer Linux Menggunakan NFS

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Hampir semua jenis Linux memiliki kemampuan untuk mengatur Sistem Berkas Jaringan atau Network File System (NFS) yang memungkinkan komputer-komputer Linux yang berada di jaringan sama berbagi berkas. Walaupun NFS hanya cocok digunakan untuk jaringan yang terdiri dari komputer-komputer dan peladen ( server ) Linux saja, NFS bekerja di level sistem untuk transfer berkas yang cepat dan efisien antarkomputer.

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    Jika Anda ingin berbagi berkas dengan komputer Mac atau Windows, gunakan Samba.
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    Ketika berbagi berkas menggunakan NFS, terdapat dua pihak: peladen dan klien. Peladen adalah komputer yang menyimpan berkas, sedangkan klien adalah komputer yang mengakses folder bersama dengan cara memasangnya sebagai kandar virtual. NFS harus dikonfigurasi terlebih dahulu di komputer peladen dan klien yang ingin digunakan.
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    Ini adalah komputer yang menyimpan berkas bersama. Anda harus menyalakan dan log masuk ke dalam komputer peladen sebelum klien dapat memasang folder bersama di komputernya. Gunakan terminal untuk mengonfigurasi NFS di komputer peladen dan klien.
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    sudo apt-get install nfs-kernel-server nfs-common portmap dan tekan ↵ Enter . Berkas NFS akan diunduh dan dipasang di komputer.
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    dpkg-reconfigure portmap . Pilih "No" di menu yang muncul. Sekarang komputer yang berada di jaringan dapat terhubung ke folder bersama.
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    sudo /etc/init.d/portmap restart untuk memulai ulang layanan portmap . Hal ini untuk memastikan perubahan dapat diterapkan dengan benar.
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    Direktori kosong ini akan mengalihkan klien ke direktori bersama yang sesungguhnya. Hal ini akan memudahkan Anda jika ingin mengubah direktori bersama di peladen nanti tanpa harus membuat perubahan di komputer klien.
    • Ketik . mkdir -p /export/ dummyname dan tekan ↵ Enter . Direktori bernama dummyname akan dibuat dan klien dapat melihatnya.
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    Berkas /etc/fstab akan terbuka dan memungkinkan Anda memasang kandar bersama secara otomatis ketika komputer peladen dinyalakan.
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    sharedpath dummypath none bind 0 0 di akhir berkas. Ubah sharedpath dengan lokasi kandar bersama dan ubah dummypath dengan lokasi direktori boneka yang sudah Anda buat sebelumnya.
    • Contohnya, jika ingin berbagi kandar /dev/sdb dengan klien menggunakan direktori boneka yang telah dibuat, Anda harus mengetik /dev/sdb /export/Shared none bind 0 0 . Simpan perubahan berkas.
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    /etc/exports . Anda harus menambahkan direktori boneka dan alamat IP yang diizinkan untuk mengakses berkas. Gunakan format berikut untuk berbagi dengan seluruh alamat IP di jaringan lokal Anda: /export/ dummyname 192.168.1.1/24(rw,no_root_squash,async) . [1]
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    sudo /etc/init.d/nfs-kernel-server restart untuk memulai ulang peladen NFS. [2]
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Menghubungkan Komputer Klien

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    sudo apt-get install portmap nfs-common dan tekan ↵ Enter untuk memasang berkas klien NFS.
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    Anda dapat menamakannya apa saja. Contohnya, Anda dapat mengetik mkdir /sharedFiles untuk membuat folder bernama "sharedFiles".
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    pico /etc/fstab untuk membuka berkas /etc/fstab .
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    serverIP : sharedDirectory nfs rsize=8192,wsize=8192,timeo=14,intr di akhir berkas. Ubah serverIP dengan alamat IP di komputer NFS peladen. Ubah sharedDirectory dengan direktori boneka yang telah Anda buat di peladen NFS dan direktori lokal yang telah dibuat. Untuk sekarang, Anda tidak perlu mengubah variabel lainnya.
    • Dengan menggunakan contoh di atas, baris perintah tersebut akan terlihat seperti: 192.168.1.5:/export/Shared /sharedFiles nfs rsize=8192,wsize=8192,timeo=14,intr .
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    sudo /etc/init.d/portmap restart untuk memulai ulang portmap dan menerapkan pengaturan yang baru. Kandar bersama tersebut akan dipasang secara otomatis setiap kali komputer dinyalakan.
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    Ketik mount -a lalu ls /sharedFiles dan lihat apakah berkas bersama muncul di layar.
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    Gunakan pengaturan yang sama dan komputer akan terhubung. [3]
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Referensi

  1. ↑ http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=249889
  2. ↑ http://www.linuceum.com/Server/srvNFSServer.php
  3. ↑ https://help.ubuntu.com/community/SettingUpNFSHowTo

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