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Interpreting “a pocket full of posies,” from child’s play to the bubonic plague
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“Ring Around the Rosie” is a classic nursery rhyme you’ve probably heard while walking past a playground. The playful, short song may bring back childhood memories of holding hands with your friends and spinning around and around in a circle. But what if this little melody wasn’t as innocent as you thought? Are the lyrics truly as sweet as they sound, or is there a dark meaning behind them? Keep reading to find out!

Things You Should Know

  • “Ring Around the Rosie” may be an innocent child’s game, or it could be a lyrical allusion to the deathly plague of 1665.
  • There are hundreds (if not thousands) of versions of “Ring Around the Rosie” out there, and their lyrics and interpretations may be affected by their publication dates.
  • Read classic nursery rhymes with different contexts in mind to decipher the many interpretations and find allusions to historical events.
Section 1 of 3:

What is “Ring Around the Rosie” about?

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  1. The Great Plague was the worst plague outbreak to hit England since 1348’s Black Death, in which London lost 15% of its population. [1] Those with the bubonic plague would experience fevers, delirium, swelling, cramps, and bloody coughs. [2] Some believe that the lyrics in “Ring Around the Rosie” are an allusion to this deadly time.
    • The “rosie” or “roses” in the rhyme can be interpreted as a euphemism for plague fever rashes.
    • The “pocket full of posies” may be directly linked to the flowers used to cover the stench of disease. [3]
    • “Ashes, ashes” is thought to represent the cremation of bodies.
    • “We all fall down” could be a physical and verbal indication of death.
  2. They say isn’t about the plague at all. [4] The first known published record of the rhyme comes from the mid-1800s, 200 years after the Great Plague. Because of this, many historians and folklorists suspect that “Ring Around the Rosie” wasn’t about the plague but was actually just a sweet song for children to sing.
    • The interpretation of the rhyme has changed over time, especially as we learn more about historical contexts and significant events.
    • The interpretation of the rhyme as a nod to the plague is considered metafolklore, or the concept of interpreting folklore or traditional beliefs using other folklore and tales. [5]
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Section 2 of 3:

Versions of “Ring Around the Rosie”

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  1. This version features the phrase “Ashes, ashes,” which is often changed to “A-tishoo! A-tishoo!” in British versions. For children in America, this is generally the version of the rhyme they grow up singing and reading in books: [6]
    • Ring around the rosie,
      Pocket full of posies,
      Ashes, ashes,
      We all fall down!
  2. Folklorists and historians have uncovered this bit of history in recent years, but there still isn’t enough evidence to prove that this version of “Ring Around the Rosie” is truly the oldest. [7]
    • Ring a ring a rosie,
      A bottle full of posie,
      All the girls in our town,
      Ring for little Josie.
  3. This version of “Ring Around the Rosie” is proclaimed the first written rendition of the rhyme, and features different lyrics and cadence to the classic rhyme we know today. [8]
    • A ring—a ring of roses,
      Laps full of posies;
      Awake—awake!
      Now come and make
      A ring—a ring of roses.
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Section 3 of 3:

Other Nursery Rhymes with Creepy Backstories

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  1. Believe it or not, children’s fairy tales and folklore aren’t always about happily ever after. With historical and metafolklorist contexts, we’re able to decipher the meanings of these seemingly innocent stories. Take a look at some of these popular rhymes and their twisted historical interpretations:

This rhyme was called "Ring a ring a roses", not "Ring around the Rosie", which makes no sense. The "roses" were the blotches caused by the plague, and the words further on are "a'tishoo a'tishoo we all fall down", another reference to the plague.

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