How to Grow Pine Trees

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Pine trees are evergreen trees that come in many varieties. Young pines need special attention, and need to be guarded rigorously against animals and sun damage during their first few years. With good care while young, your pine trees will grow for decades.

Method 1
Method 1 of 3:

Planting a Pine Seedling

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  1. Some types of pine trees used for landscaping include white pine, jack pine and Scotch pine. Ask the seller about growing environments if you live in a different climate or at a different elevation than the location where the seedling was grown.
  2. Bare-root pine seedlings must be planted during the late fall and winter, when pine trees are dormant. [1] Container-grown seedlings can be planted at any time, although the hottest summer months will require additional shade and water to prevent dehydration and sun damage.
    • Most seedlings can be kept for several weeks between 35º and 38º F (1.7 – 3.3ºC), but you should check with the seller in case the species you bought has different requirements.
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  3. Keep the roots damp until you are ready to plant, but refrain from soaking them in water, which could kill them. If the roots form a dense ball, or circle the sides the of the container, carefully rearrange the main root branches so they are more spread out. [2]
    • Some seedlings are sold with a small amount of soil mixture packed around the roots. Try to keep as much of this on the roots as possible while rearranging.
  4. Each pine tree should have plenty of open space, with no small plants around its base and no root systems of other trees nearby. Choose a location where the tree will receive direct sunlight during the cooler parts of the day.
    • If you cannot plant a pine tree somewhere with shade on its west side, instructions are included below for creating a sun shade.
    • A mix of sand and loam is best for pine trees, but you should only need to mix in suitable organic mulch such as sphagnum if the soil is a hard clay consistency. [3]
    • Choose an area with well-draining soil. A 1 foot (30 cm) deep hole filled with water should drain easily within 12 hours. If it does not, you may need to install drainage .
    EXPERT TIP

    “If you want to plant several pine trees together, it’s generally recommended that you plant them about 10–12 feet (3.0–3.7 m) apart.”

    Maggie Moran

    Home & Garden Specialist
    Maggie Moran is a Professional Gardener in Pennsylvania.
    Maggie Moran
    Home & Garden Specialist
  5. Do not plant trees when conditions are windy, dry, or above 85ºF (30ºC). The soil should not have standing water or ice on the day you plant, but should not be parched either.
  6. The top layer of soil is the highest quality, so fill the bottom few inches (about 10 cm) with topsoil after you dig your hole. Be sure to dig the hole large enough that the roots still fit after you've added the topsoil. [4]
    • Warning : Contact your utility company to discover the location of underground lines before digging any large holes.
    • Try to plant the tree to the same level it was planted in the nursery. If you're unsure, it is better to plant the tree too high than too low.
    • If you’re planting more than one pine tree, be sure to leave at least 10 to 12 feet (3 to 4 m) of spacing so they can grow to mature width without any obstruction. Some varieties of pine may need even more space, like the huge Austrian pine. [5]
  7. Although burlap and other biodegradable material can be left on the plant, carefully removing it gives the seedling a better opportunity for growth.
  8. Fill the hole again after planting, periodically patting down loose soil with your shovel handle, not with your feet. Fill the hole until it is level with the surrounding soil, or slightly lower if the climate is especially dry, so water can run into the roots.
    • Have an assistant hold the tree upright while you fill the hole if necessary.
  9. Lightly stake only if the tree cannot support itself . Staking pine tree seedlings is only necessary in areas of unusually high wind. If you think the pine tree is in danger of blowing over, use one or two stakes attached by ties or straps, and leave enough room for the tree to sway. Do not loop wire directly over the tree.
  10. You may need to provide a sunscreen for your small pine tree by using a tarp or sheet of painted plywood. Planting where there is shade from another tree or a building is also a practical choice. The shade should be on the west side of the tree, which is where the sun is located during the hottest parts of the day.
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Method 2
Method 2 of 3:

Caring for a Pine Tree Seedling

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  1. Mulch around the tree frequently . Wood chips are cheap and work well for pine trees. Apply them to several inches (centimeters) depth around the tree, leaving space around the trunk.
    • While mulch should help control weeds in addition to providing good growing conditions, you should pull out any grasses or other small plants near the base of the tree if you do see any grow there. [6]
    • Do not use a plastic barrier underneath the mulch. The tree needs water and air to be able to pass through the mulch.
  2. Instead of following one watering guide without variation, you should pay attention to how moist the soil is around your tree. Here are some tips:
    • Soil that feels moist and holds together when picked up should not be watered, as over watering can suffocate the roots. Only water when the soil is mostly dry and crumbles apart, until it feels moist again.
    • Water more in fall so the tree is prepared for winter. Water additionally during dry winter spells to protect young trees from drought, which is especially dangerous when the tree expects a wet season.
  3. A plywood sunscreen can also do double duty as an animal repellent. However, if you live in an area with deer or other persistent, large wildlife, you may need a plastic tube or chicken wire fence encircling the seedling. [7]
  4. Pines can attract a number of insect pests, including weevils, boring insects like bark beetles, and sawyer beetles that spread the pine wood nematode. While these pests may or may not kill the tree, they can all do significant damage. Be proactive and try to protect your trees. [8]
    • Many pests can be controlled chemically by spraying seedlings with insecticide and fungicide. Trees may need repeated applications to kill off pests, as the larval stage of boring insects live underneath the bark and aren’t affected.
    • You can also ward off pests by good management. Keep your trees healthy, for instance, as pests are less likely to attack healthy young saplings. Plant trees on medium soil to promote vigorous root growth and check your plantings often to prune dead or dying limbs.
    • Planting some pine varieties (i.e. white) with hardwood trees or under a hardwood canopy seems to protect them from Dendroctonus bark beetles.
    • It’s often best to remove damaged trees that will be vulnerable to pests. Always remove and destroy trees killed by boring insects, too.
  5. Prune dead or diseased branches only . Pruning to direct growth is not necessary for pine trees and may stunt their growth. Cut dead or diseased branches a short distance from the trunk, leaving the "branch collar" ring between the branch and the trunk. [9] Follow the instructions in the article How to Prune a Tree carefully to avoid damaging your pine.
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Method 3
Method 3 of 3:

Growing Pine Trees from Seeds

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  1. Growing pine trees from seeds can be a long, challenging process. You will have to acquire seeds when the pine cones are ripe, most likely in autumn. Depending on species and climate, you may need to prepare the seeds for 30–60 days as describe below before planting in pots. They will grow slowly, and may take over a year before they can be transplanted into outdoor soil without significant risk of death. [10]
    • While most pine cones ripen between August and October, some species such as the Scotch pine remain usable until March. [11] Your local climate will also be a factor. Read the description of ripe pine cones so you know what to look for.
    • See Growing Pine Trees from Seedlings for an easier, faster method.
  2. Pine cones come in two varieties: small male cones and large female cones. Only the female cones produce seeds. Choose large pine cones with scales that are not fully open, or spread apart. If the scales are spread apart, they may have already released their seeds. [12]
    • You may take fallen cones or pick them from the tree by twisting them off the branch. [13] Female pine cones are usually higher on the tree, so you may need a stepladder or a hooked pole.
    • Choose brown or purplish pine cones, as fully green cones are not mature and have not produced useful seeds.
    • Pine trees that have produced many cones are more likely to produce useful seeds. [14]
  3. Place them in direct sunlight if possible, and let them dry out so the scales open and give you access to the seeds. You may warm the room to speed this along, but do not heat the cones above 113ºF (45ºC). [15]
  4. Each scale of the pine cone should have one or two seeds underneath it, sometimes attached to a thin "wing" for catching the wind. Shake the cones on a tray with 1/2 inch (1.25 cm) mesh or hardware cloth; the seeds should fall out of the cones and through the mesh.
    • Shake over a tarpaulin to easily collect the seeds afterward.
    • Use tweezers to pull out stubborn seeds, or if you only collected a few cones.
  5. Use room temperature water. Besides providing the seeds with water they need to begin growing, this provides a test of which seeds are usable. The full, viable seeds should slowly sink to the bottom of the container. The empty, unusable seeds will float to the top. [16]
    • Cut open one or two of the largest floating seeds to check whether they are actually empty. If they are full, wait longer for the remaining seeds to sink.
    • Discard the floating seeds at the end of this process. They are not usable.
    • Large operations sometimes place a bag of seeds in running water, which is better at removing fungal spores that could cause infection. This is difficult to achieve at home, but you could consider changing the water every 12 or 24 hours.
  6. Fresh pine seeds acquired in fall can usually be planted immediately. However, even fresh seeds may benefit from a special environment which increases the speed of germination (sprouting) and reduces the chance of your seeds staying dormant after planting. Storing seeds in this way to mimic ideal seasonal conditions is called stratification .
    • Different species of pine tree do best in different conditions. Identify your species in a regional tree identification book or website if possible, and look up how long "stratification" takes. If you can't, the below methods should work as long as you check the seeds' progress regularly.
    • In general, pines that grow in relatively warm climates further south (but not at high elevations) require little to no stratification before planting and can simply be stored dry at room temperature, while pines from damper, colder climates cannot grow without a cold, moist period.
  7. If you have a handful or two of seeds or fewer, this method may be easiest. Stack paper towels until the stack is 1/8 to 1/4 inch thick (3 to 6 mm). Add just enough water to moisten every part of the towels, then hold vertical by one corner until the excess water drains off. Place the seeds on one half of the paper towels in one layer, then fold the other half over the seeds. Seal in a ziploc or similar plastic bag and store in the refrigerator at about 41ºF (5ºC).
    • You may wish to include a thick straw or other thin tube to allow a small amount of air exchange with the outside, to ensure the environment has sufficient oxygen. [17]
    • Note : certain species benefit from several weeks of storage in a warm, dark area before transfer to the refrigerator. The duration of this warm period varies widely by species, so search for specific information online if you can identify your seeds.
  8. Immediately after completing the soaking step, put half a pound (0.23 kg) of seeds or less onto a square of cheesecloth or other soft mesh material and tie it into a bag. Hang or hold up the bag and let the excess water drain for about a minute. Tie the neck of a larger, plastic bag to the neck of the cheesecloth so the water can continue to drain without soaking the seeds. Hang this in your refrigerator at about 41ºF (5ºC).
    • Note : If you can identify your species, search for information on "stratification" for that species online. You may wish to store the bag in a warm location before transferring to the fridge.
  9. A seed beginning to germinate will crack open and start to extend a growing root. Depending on the species and the individual seed, this could take anywhere from 3 weeks to multiple years, although you never need to store a seed for that long before planting. [18]
    • For seeds that refuse to sprout after several weeks, you can encourage them by letting them dry out, then repeating the treatment.
    • If the growing season is over or you wish to save seeds for next year, dry the surface but leave them slightly damp, then store in the refrigerator. Keep checking regularly to be sure they don't sprout.
  10. Pine seeds are vulnerable to infection and rodents when planted in outdoor soil. Try to find plastic tubes intended for growing pine trees, as these are best for encouraging long root structures that will support the tree. [19] Otherwise, an ordinary small plant pot will work.
    • Instead of using soil, use a potting mix intended for pine trees, or create your own mix of 80% pine bark and 20% peat moss.
    • Push the seeds just under the soil with the pointed root facing downward.
    • If keeping the plants indoors, keep the pots on a raised table to make it more difficult for mice to reach them.
  11. Follow the instructions for Caring for a Pine Tree Seedling to provide proper care. With the correct levels of sunlight and water, your tree should be ready to transplant into a taller tube or pot after one or two years, depending on the species.
    • Pine trees grow best with plenty of sun, but young seedlings are susceptible to damage during the hottest part of the day. Place the seedling somewhere it will be shaded during the early afternoon, such as near an east-facing window.
    • Keep the seedling moist but not soaked.
    • Carefully transplant the seedling to a larger pot after it reaches 2 inches (5cm) in the smallest "multi pot" tubing, or once it reaches 4 to 6 inches (about 10 to 15 cm) in a medium sized tube or pot.
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  • Question
    How long does it take to grow a pine tree?
    Maggie Moran
    Home & Garden Specialist
    Maggie Moran is a Professional Gardener in Pennsylvania.
    Maggie Moran
    Home & Garden Specialist
    Expert Answer
    It depends on the species, location, and growing conditions. Some pines can grow to full height in around 9 years.
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  • Question
    What is the best fertilizer for pine trees?
    Maggie Moran
    Home & Garden Specialist
    Maggie Moran is a Professional Gardener in Pennsylvania.
    Maggie Moran
    Home & Garden Specialist
    Expert Answer
    Pine trees like fertilizer with nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. See if you can find a fertilizer designed for pine trees at your local gardening store.
    Thanks! We're glad this was helpful.
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  • Question
    How do you transplant a pine tree?
    Maggie Moran
    Home & Garden Specialist
    Maggie Moran is a Professional Gardener in Pennsylvania.
    Maggie Moran
    Home & Garden Specialist
    Expert Answer
    You dig a circle around the pine tree you are intending to move, about 18 inches away from the trunk. At the new planting location, remove all the grass and weeds from the new site and dig down to about 1 foot, working the soil loose. Once the tree is out, place it on a tarp and drag it carefully to the new site. In the new planting hole, spread about 6 inches worth of loose soil and plant the tree. You can water the plant well and if you want to mulch around the tree, use shredded wood for best results.
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      Tips

      • Consult an expert gardener or post photos your pine cone or seedling in an online gardening forum to get your pine tree identified. This will help you determine exactly how best to care for your tree, which is especially important if growing them from seeds.
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      • See this list of common pine seedling problems to identify what's wrong with an unhealthy tree and learn how to fix it.
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      • While pine trees are evergreen, it is still normal for them to lose some number of brown needles during the fall. You should only be concerned if this happens during a different season, or if only one of your pine trees is affected.
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      Things You'll Need

      For a seedling :

      • Wood chips or other mulch
      • Shovel or trowel
      • Stake and ties (usually not necessary)
      • Sun shade (if no natural shade exists during early afternoon)
      • Chicken wire or other fencing material (if large animals are present)

      For seeds :

      • Pine cones (see instructions for details on selection)
      • Paper towels or cheesecloth
      • Plastic ziploc bag (or other sealable plastic bag)
      • Refrigerator or cool environment

      Warnings

      • Fertilizer is not generally necessary for pine trees, and if used improperly can burn the plant. Only use fertilizer if advised by an experienced pine tree grower.
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      • While many people use a moist sand or peat moss environment when storing seeds, those methods have a higher chance of infection than the ones listed here.
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      References

      1. ↑ http://www.pinetum.org/Lovett/planting.htm
      2. ↑ http://www.pinetum.org/Lovett/planting.htm
      3. ↑ http://www.pinetum.org/Lovett/planting.htm
      4. ↑ http://www.pinetum.org/Lovett/planting.htm
      5. ↑ https://www.weekand.com/home-garden/article/spacing-evergreen-trees-18033821.php
      6. ↑ Tyler Radford. Plant Specialist. Expert Interview. 6 October 2020.
      7. ↑ http://www.pinetum.org/Lovett/planting.htm
      8. ↑ https://entomology.ca.uky.edu/ef437
      9. ↑ http://pubs.ext.vt.edu/430/430-457/430-457.html
      1. ↑ http://www.pinetum.org/advice.htm
      2. ↑ http://learningstore.uwex.edu/assets/pdfs/G1649.pdf
      3. ↑ https://www.motherearthnews.com/organic-gardening/growing-pine-trees-from-seed-zm0z13onzsor/#axzz369I74DOP
      4. ↑ http://learningstore.uwex.edu/assets/pdfs/G1649.pdf
      5. ↑ https://www.motherearthnews.com/organic-gardening/growing-pine-trees-from-seed-zm0z13onzsor/#axzz369I74DOP
      6. ↑ https://www.motherearthnews.com/organic-gardening/growing-pine-trees-from-seed-zm0z13onzsor/#axzz369I74DOP
      7. ↑ http://www.pinetum.org/advice.htm
      8. ↑ http://www.pinetum.org/advice.htm
      9. ↑ http://www.pinetum.org/advice.htm
      10. ↑ http://www.pinetum.org/advice.htm

      About This Article

      Article Summary X

      To grow pine trees from seeds, collect large, unopened pine cones, and set them in the sun. Once they have dried out, shake the pine cones over a piece of mesh to extract the seeds, and place the seeds in a container with water for 1-2 days. Then, place the seeds between layers of moist paper towels in the refrigerator, and check for growth after 3 weeks. Plant any seeds with growth in cylindrical tubes with pine tree potting mix to encourage long roots. For tips from our horticulturist reviewer on caring for pine seedlings, including how much sun seedlings need, read on!

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