How to Fix Minor, Moderate, & Severe Nerve Damage

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A thorough guide to recovering from nerve damage
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Nerve damage can occur because of autoimmune diseases, motor neuron diseases, cancer, infection, or diabetes. [1] It can also be caused by acute or progressive injuries or nutritional deficiencies. Treatments will vary depending on whether the nerve was compressed, partially injured, or severed. In addition to repairing the damage caused to the nerve, you may need to take additional steps to treat related pain, as well.

Things You Should Know

  • Take non-steroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAID) to manage pain from minor damage. [2] Some minor nerve damage repairs itself.
  • Or, work with a physical therapist or get acupuncture to aid in healing and repairing nerve damage. [3]
  • For moderate nerve damage, talk to your doctor about getting injections or minor surgery to heal the nerve. [4]
Method 1
Method 1 of 4:

Repairing Minor Nerve Damage

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  1. If the nerve has been only partially compressed or severed, it may repair itself over time. [5] This is because the nerve tissue beyond the damage point dies and the nerve must regenerate between healthy nerve endings.
    • A pinched nerve can occur from a number of reasons including: bad posture, injury, arthritis, spinal stenosis, and/or obesity. [6]
  2. These medications should be used to treat acute pain sporadically or for no more than one to two weeks, unless recommended by a doctor. [7]
    • While NSAIDs treat swelling and possibly inflamed nerves, acetaminophen only treats pain.
    • Be sure these medications will not interact with any other medications you take. For example, avoid taking aspirin when on blood thinners.
    • Long-term NSAID use can lead to gastritis and gastric ulcers. Be aware of your use of these medications.
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  3. If a nerve was pinched, rather than severed, physical therapy (PT) is often used to repair the damage and increase strength and mobility. Check if your doctor will prescribe physical therapy. [8]
    • Some insurance companies will not cover PT. Always check with your insurance company if you have a question about billing.
    • You may need to wait several weeks or months after acute injury to start this phase of repair. The nerve may need time to heal and regrow.
    • Try de-weighted training in the pool for problems with movement on land. After you build up your stamina, try some strength and resistance training.
  4. Some patients find that acupuncture calms the nerves and allows them to continue normal function while the nerves repair themselves. [9]
    • Biofeedback can also be helpful. This is a technique you can use to control your body’s functions. You are connected to electronic sensors that provides information that will help you focus and relax. [10]
    • Unfortunately, neither acupuncture nor biofeedback are typically covered under American health insurance plans.
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Method 2
Method 2 of 4:

Repairing Moderate Nerve Damage

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  1. These tests may find the location of the nerve damage and its severity. Your doctor may also prescribe a Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) test. [11]
    • Some of these tests, like an EMG can be done at your general practitioners. However, more invasive tests like an MRI may be conducted at a specialist or a hospital.
  2. If your doctor determines that your nerve damage is not causing long-term damage, you may be a candidate for a numbing or steroid injection called a “nerve root block” (epidural). [12] Nerve root blocks are usually done by a trained anesthesiologist in pain therapy. Steroids can help your body heal more quickly from nerve damage. [13]
    • These medications are injected near the spine or neck (where the “roots” of periphery nerves are located).
  3. Some types of nerve damage occur from compression or pinching. Minor outpatient surgeries are often sufficient to repair this damage. Criteria for surgery include symptoms of radiculopathy, evidence of nerve root compression on an MRI, persistent nerve pain last longer than 6 weeks, and progressive motor weakness. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/6481-pinched-nerves
    • Minor surgery can be an arthroscopic surgery to unblock the pinched nerve or sew the damaged ends of the nerves together.
    • Surgery is the last resort for minor or moderate nerve damage like pinched nerves. It may be necessary for more serious damage or injuries.
    • Another minor surgery is a nerve release, which can help to fix nerve compression seen in nerve damage like carpal tunnel syndrome. [14] These may create more room for the nerve by dividing tissue, or by moving the nerve to a new location.
  4. The nerves may need to be re-trained with this special type of physical therapy. This re-education therapy is generally completed in two stages: “early” and “late.” It is the process of “tuning” your nerves into feeling sensations normally. [15]
    • The early stage of this therapy is making sure your nerves can feel a wide scope of sensations, while the late stage is fine tuning the sensations to manageable sensations.
    • This type of therapy is generally done in outpatient physical therapy. The length of the sessions depends on the severity of the injury. Generally, this procedure does take some time, as it is essentially “retraining” the body to return to a normal range of function.
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Method 3
Method 3 of 4:

Repairing Severe Nerve Damage​​

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  1. Go to the emergency room immediately if you have had an acute injury and you are experiencing numbness or tingling in your extremities. [16] If you have cut yourself on something sharp, try to staunch the bleeding with firm pressure and sterile gauze as you go to the emergency room. [17]
    • Nerve damage due to cuts from knives in the kitchen or broken glass is fairly common.
    • Visit the emergency room if you have had recent contact with lead, arsenic, mercury, or other toxic substances. They need to be flushed from your body before repair can start.
  2. If the nerve has been completely severed, this may be necessary in order to start repair. [18] If the surgery is successful, the nerve will grow and repair at a rate of approximately 1 inch (2.5 cm) per month. [19]
    • Nerve grafts often require the removal of nerve fiber from another part of the body. The area from which it was taken may remain numb after the surgery. [20]
  3. There are two general phases of “sensory re-training” you’ll undergo with a physical therapist or neurospecialist. The early stage teaches you to differentiate between constant touch (like the feeling of a chair on your buttocks and back while you’re sitting) and moving touch (like a gust of wind hitting your face). The late phase retrains your sense of directionality, or the ability to sense which direction a stimulus is moving across the skin (left to right, right to left, up or down, etc.). [21]
    • This repairing requires the cells to heal and “retune” themselves to properly send signals to the brain.
    • Additional physical therapy will help you train your body to heal properly by doing incremental range-of-motion exercises.
    • This may require time. Nerve repair may not happen overnight. It may take weeks, months, or years to heal. [22]
    • In severe cases, nerve function may not repair fully. Your doctor should be able to give you a prognosis about how long it will take to heal from a specific injury.
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Method 4
Method 4 of 4:

Educating Yourself on Nerve Damage

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  1. There are a few signs and symptoms of nerve damage. If you are experiencing any of these, please contact your doctor. [23]
    • Pain or tingling in arms, legs, fingers, or toes.
    • Loss of muscle control. This may cause weakness. If you find yourself having trouble with everyday tasks like buttoning a shirt or twisting a doorknob, these may be signs of nerve damage.
    • Difficulty digesting food. This may be accompanied by bloating or fullness. You may vomit partially digested food or have trouble using the bathroom.
    • Peripheral neuropathy affects the brain’s ability to receive pain signals from your nerves. It is a common disorder and the symptoms include pain or numbness in the extremities. You may feel tingling or burning in your arms or legs, which may be an early sign of nerve damage.
  2. Some medications, especially those used to treat cancer and HIV, are known for creating nerve damage in some patients.
    • For example, some anti-HIV medications may cause a condition called antiretroviral toxic neuropathy, with similar symptoms to peripheral neuropathy. [24]
    • Some anti-cancer medications and treatments may also cause peripheral neuropathy. [25]
  3. Make an appointment with your doctor if you have a disease that can cause nerve damage. These diseases may include diabetes, cancer, alcoholism, or autoimmune diseases. [26] Nerve damage should be included in the treatment plan for these conditions.
    • More conditions that can lead to peripheral neuropathy or other nerve damage include vascular and blood problems like high blood pressure or atherosclerosis, hormonal imbalance, liver or kidney disorders, nutritional or vitamin imbalances, and some infections like West Nile virus, herpes simplex, or Lyme disease.
  4. Call your doctor to arrange for an emergency appointment if a back condition or disease has progressed to include numbness or tingling. These symptoms are indicative of a pinched or damaged nerve. [27] In some situations, emergency surgery is recommended.
  5. Talk to your doctor about using tricyclic antidepressants or anti-seizure drugs to control nerve pain. These medications are used for patients with chronic nerve pain to interrupt the pain signals in the brain. Make sure to discuss the side effects of long-term usage. [28]
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Expert Q&A

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  • Question
    Are there any treatments available for damaged nerves in the feet and legs due to Guillain Barré syndrome?
    Chris M. Matsko, MD
    Family Medicine Physician
    Dr. Chris M. Matsko is a retired physician based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. With over 25 years of medical research experience, Dr. Matsko was awarded the Pittsburgh Cornell University Leadership Award for Excellence. He holds a BS in Nutritional Science from Cornell University and an MD from the Temple University School of Medicine in 2007. Dr. Matsko earned a Research Writing Certification from the American Medical Writers Association (AMWA) in 2016 and a Medical Writing & Editing Certification from the University of Chicago in 2017.
    Chris M. Matsko, MD
    Family Medicine Physician
    Expert Answer
    Doctors prescribe physical therapy for isotonic and isometric movements. There is also research that shows that plasma exchange may shorten the length of time it takes to see improvement and walk unaided.
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    Not Helpful 2 Helpful 16
  • Question
    If you have nerve damage to the penis from being cut during surgery will it repair itself?
    Chris M. Matsko, MD
    Family Medicine Physician
    Dr. Chris M. Matsko is a retired physician based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. With over 25 years of medical research experience, Dr. Matsko was awarded the Pittsburgh Cornell University Leadership Award for Excellence. He holds a BS in Nutritional Science from Cornell University and an MD from the Temple University School of Medicine in 2007. Dr. Matsko earned a Research Writing Certification from the American Medical Writers Association (AMWA) in 2016 and a Medical Writing & Editing Certification from the University of Chicago in 2017.
    Chris M. Matsko, MD
    Family Medicine Physician
    Expert Answer
    Unfortunately, no. If a nerve is cut during surgery, it will not repair itself.
    Thanks! We're glad this was helpful.
    Thank you for your feedback.
    If wikiHow has helped you, please consider a small contribution to support us in helping more readers like you. We’re committed to providing the world with free how-to resources, and even $1 helps us in our mission. Support wikiHow
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      References

      1. ↑ https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/peripheral-neuropathy/causes/
      2. ↑ https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/medicines-for-nerve-pain
      3. ↑ https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10627933/
      4. ↑ https://www.pennmedicine.org/for-patients-and-visitors/find-a-program-or-service/neurosurgery/penn-nerve-center/conditions
      5. ↑ https://answers.childrenshospital.org/nerve-injury/
      6. ↑ https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pinched-nerve/symptoms-causes/syc-20354746
      7. ↑ https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6481590/
      8. ↑ https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15833-neuropathic-pain
      9. ↑ https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10627933/
      1. ↑ https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnins.2018.00906/full
      2. ↑ https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/6481-pinched-nerves
      3. ↑ https://www.umms.org/rehab/health-services/pain-management/treatments/nerve-root-blocks
      4. ↑ https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-treatments/e/epidural-steroid-injection.html
      5. ↑ https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/treatment-tests-and-therapies/carpal-tunnel-release
      6. ↑ https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnins.2018.00906/full
      7. ↑ https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/symptoms/numbness-and-tingling
      8. ↑ https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-severe-bleeding/basics/art-20056661
      9. ↑ https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/peripheral-nerve-injury
      10. ↑ https://www.mayoclinichealthsystem.org/hometown-health/speaking-of-health/treating-repairing-nervous-system
      11. ↑ https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/nerve-injuries
      12. ↑ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3073500/
      13. ↑ https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/peripheral-nerve-injuries/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355632
      14. ↑ https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000593.htm
      15. ↑ https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/hiv-and-aids/neurological-complications-of-hiv
      16. ↑ https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/nerve-problems
      17. ↑ https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/peripheral-neuropathy
      18. ↑ https://www.umms.org/health-services/spine/signs-symptoms
      19. ↑ https://www.health.harvard.edu/pain/drugs-that-relieve-nerve-pain

      About This Article

      Article Summary X

      To repair nerve damage, it's important that you talk to your doctor so they can determine how severe the damage is and recommend the best treatments. If you have minor nerve damage, the nerve should be able to repair itself over time. In the meantime, you can try taking NSAID pain relievers and going to physical therapy. For moderate nerve damage, you could get a steroid injection to numb your nerves and help your body heal. Alternatively, you may need to get surgery to reconnect your nerves if your damage is severe enough. To learn how to use acupuncture therapy to repair minor nerve damage, read more from our Physician co-author.

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