自己安全地给耳骨穿孔

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共同创作者是 Jef Saunders

参考

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想要冒险尝试在耳骨处穿孔，但是不想找专业师傅？虽然自己穿耳洞可以省钱，但是也很危险。本文会回答一些和耳骨穿孔相关的问题，包括是否可以自己在家安全地这样做。

Question 1 的 14:

可以自己给耳骨穿孔吗？

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    专业穿孔师遵循严格的作业标准，以保障客户的安全。为了降低受伤或感染几率，你需要使用经过消毒的穿刺针。你也要确保耳朵、工作台和其它工具得到适当的清洁与消毒。 [1]
    • 如果你以前曾经自己穿耳洞，或是耳骨曾经穿过洞，已经知道要如何护理它们，那么出现严重并发症的风险会比较低。
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    专业穿孔师经过训练，知道如何正确地给设备消毒，并确保穿孔环境安全、无菌。他们也非常了解如何实际操作，给耳朵带来最少的疼痛和伤害。他们能回答你的任何问题，并指导你在穿孔后妥善护理伤口。 [2]
    • 在耳骨穿孔比在耳垂穿孔要难一些。如果做得不对，可能会受伤，甚至引发严重感染。医生建议最好找专业穿孔师给你穿孔，尤其是风险更高的耳骨穿孔。 [3]
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    耳骨穿孔尤其容易引发严重感染。如果你本来就患有糖尿病、心脏病、免疫力低下等疾病，感染风险会更高。 [4]
    • 即使你打算找专业师傅给耳骨穿孔，如果你有严重健康问题，最好还是先咨询医生。
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Question 2 的 14:

自己给耳骨穿孔需要哪些工具？

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    寻找空心穿刺针或导管针。穿刺针只是一个空心金属针，而导管针则附带了一个空心的塑料管。前者常见于美国，而其他国家的穿孔师多使用后者。你可以在网上、人体穿刺首饰或纹身用品店找到这些工具。耳骨穿孔常用的型号是16G（直径1.2毫米）和18G（直径1毫米）。
    • 记住，型号越小，直径越大。16G穿刺针比17G更粗，刺出来的孔更大。
    • 不要自己尝试用图钉或缝纫针给耳骨穿孔。这可能引起感染，或是给耳朵造成更大的伤害。穿刺针比较锋利，专门设计来穿透皮肤和软骨，刺出的洞平正整齐，刚好容得下耳饰。 [5]
    • 购买一次性穿刺针。重复使用会增加感染风险。 [6]
    • 有些穿刺针可以将耳钉套到末端，直接将它们带过刚刺好的耳洞，不需要另外折腾一番，可以降低伤害。
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    由于型号越大，直径越小，也就是说耳饰的型号必须比穿刺针大。举个例子，如果你使用17G的穿刺针，那就买18G的耳饰。 [7] 这有助于确保耳饰轻松地穿过耳洞。
    • 选择适合刚打好耳洞或养耳洞戴的耳骨耳钉。耳钉的杆最好是往内拧或扣到耳托上的，而不是反过来。 [8]
    • 选择低致敏性材质制成的耳饰，以免刺激皮肤。好的选择包括钛、医用钢、铌、铂金和14k以上的黄金。确保它们不含镍和镉。
    • 购买经过消毒的耳饰。你可以在网上或人体穿刺首饰店买到预先消毒和包装好的耳饰。除非你家有高压蒸气灭菌器，否则很难自己给耳饰妥善消毒。
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    小小的软木塞在穿孔过程中帮助固定穿刺针。你可以在网上或人体穿刺首饰店买到它们，不需要消毒，但必须干净，所以不能使用已经被用于其它用途的软木塞。 [9]
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    另外，也可以买一包一次性医用毛巾，铺在工作台上。这些用品都可以在网上或本地药房买到。 [10]
    • 给耳朵穿孔前，要用消毒湿巾清洁和消毒一番。
    • 穿孔后，用纱布垫来止血。
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Question 3 的 14:

穿孔之前需要做哪些准备工作？

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    如果你要把工具放在桌子或浴室洗手台上，那就先用肥皂和水擦拭一遍。然后用Lysol、Microban等消毒喷雾进行消毒。查看消毒喷雾瓶子上的指示，确保使用得当。 [11]
    • 如果没有消毒喷雾，可以用Lysol、高乐氏等消毒湿巾将工作台擦拭干净。只要遵循包装上的指示，湿巾应该和消毒喷雾一样有效。 [12]
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    触碰工具或耳朵之前，用肥皂和水洗手至少40秒。一定要揉搓所有表面，包括手掌、手背和指缝。之后用干净的纸巾彻底擦干双手。 [13]
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    你可以在网上或本地药房买到这类手套。 [14] 正确穿戴手套，避免被细菌污染： [15]
    • 用非惯用手拿起一只手套的手腕部位。如果你惯用右手，那就用左手拿起手套。
    • 抓着手套的手腕部位，让手指部位往下垂。然后将惯用手手掌朝外，五指张开，滑入手套内。
    • 换边重复上述过程。调整手套，好让它们贴合双手。
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    最好先在工作台铺一张一次性消毒毛巾，可以在网上或药房买到。然后将耳饰、穿刺针、消毒湿巾、纱布垫和软木塞一一放在毛巾上。 [16]
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    以画圈方式擦拭 [17] ，耳朵前后都要擦。 [18]
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    用纹身记号笔在要穿孔的位置画上一个小点。做标记时要考虑到耳饰的外观，将它戴在从正脸容易被别人看到的位置。 [19] 确保穿刺针会穿过耳朵后面，而不是插进头里面。
    • 你可以在网上或人体穿刺首饰用品店买到纹身或医用记号笔。
    • 最好找个人帮忙看你的耳朵，确保你要穿孔的位置没有肉眼可见的血管。 [20]
    • 确保你要穿孔的位置就在耳骨之上。如果你只刺入皮肤，没有穿过耳骨，那就无法将耳饰戴得稳。
    • 你可以在耳骨的任何一个部分穿孔，但是不要太靠近已有的耳饰。不要让耳饰互相触碰或叠在一起。
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Question 4 的 14:

如何正确地给耳骨穿孔？

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    撕开包装袋，小心地取出穿刺针。针头通常会被一个塑料盖罩着，防止你不小心戳到自己。准备好穿孔后，就可以取下塑料盖。 [21]
    • 如果你使用的是可以将耳饰一起穿过耳洞的穿刺针，现在就可以将耳饰套进穿刺针。 [22]
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    这样可以提供多一点稳定性和支撑。将软木塞抵着你的耳背。穿过耳骨的针会刺入软木塞里。 [23]
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    坐在镜子前面，方便你看到自己的动作。确保针是直的，并与侧脸平行。深吸一口气，一举将针穿过耳骨，刺入后面的软木塞里。 [24]
    • 随着针刺入耳骨，你可能会感觉或听到砰的响声。感到刺痛或灼痛也是很正常的。
    • 如果针的一端套着耳钉，继续将针往前推，直到耳钉抵着耳洞口，耳钉的杆则插进耳洞里。
    • 将穿刺针的末端穿过耳朵，插入后面的软木塞。不要将已经插入软木塞里的针拔出来，穿回耳洞取出来。针必须完全穿过耳洞，再从另一端拔出来。 [25]
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    如果你没有在穿孔时顺便插入耳钉，现在就可以将耳钉的杆插入刚穿好的耳洞里，拧或扣到耳托里。
    • 有些耳钉是专门设计给刚穿好的耳洞，杆非常长，好让耳朵在穿孔后几天有足够的空间肿胀。 [26]
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Question 5 的 14:

穿耳洞后如何护理耳朵？

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    没有洗手就直接触碰耳朵，可能会把手上的细菌和污垢带到耳洞处，增加感染风险。每当你需要触碰耳洞，一定要先把手洗干净，然后用干净的纸巾擦干手。 [27]
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    你可以在药房购买盐水，或是自己 调配 。用一块干净的纱布蘸取盐水，敷在耳洞几分钟。敷完后，用干净的水小心地冲洗耳洞。 [28]
    • 每天进行1-2次，帮助舒缓和给耳洞消毒。
    • 如果耳洞肿起来，用温水或盐水浸泡有助于消肿。 [29] 根据肿胀的严重程度，医生可能建议每天浸泡耳洞3-4次，每次最多20分钟。 [30]
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    每次洗澡或洗头时，将一滴不含香精的温和液体皂抹在耳朵，轻轻地揉搓至起泡。30秒后用水冲洗干净。 [31]
    • 不要使用刺激性大的肥皂或消毒水，比如酒精或双氧水。它们会伤害耳朵组织，减缓愈合过程。专业穿孔师协会不建议使用任何类型的抗菌清洁溶液，包括所谓的耳洞专用清洁溶液。 [32]
    • 清洁耳洞后，用水彻底冲洗干净，确保没有肥皂残留。
    • 用干净的干纸巾拍干耳洞。不要使用毛巾，因为即使是刚洗过的毛巾，也很容易滋生细菌。而且，你刚戴上的耳饰也很容易勾到毛巾。
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Question 6 的 14:

如何让耳洞快一点愈合？

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    经常触碰耳洞会增加皮肤受刺激或感染的几率。尽量不要触碰、抓挠、转动或摆弄耳饰或耳朵。 [33]
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    不要穿会摩擦或钩到耳饰的衣物，比如帽子或连帽衫。梳头的时候也要小心，不要钩到耳饰。睡觉时，尽量不要压到耳洞。小心地调整枕头，给耳朵底下留一个空隙。 [34]
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    耳骨穿孔需要更长的愈合时间，可能介于4个月到1年。 [35] 这段期间要有耐心，并妥善护理耳洞，帮助它愈合得顺利、迅速。
    • 在耳洞愈合之前，不要取下或换掉最初戴的耳饰。 [36] 如果你不确定耳洞是否已经完全愈合，可以咨询医生或专业穿孔师。
    • 一般来说，完全愈合的耳洞不会再发红、结痂或流出分泌物，并且感觉正常，不会发痒或发疼。 [37] 不过，有时候耳洞表面上看起来愈合了，但实际上仍未完全愈合。所以，即便耳洞看起来好像愈合了，也要细心护理至少满4个月。 [38]
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    刚穿的耳洞会有一点发红并结痂，这些都是正常的。头几周可能也会感觉有点痒。 [39] 如果红肿症状加重或扩大范围，耳洞感觉灼痛或触痛，流血或流脓，那么可能是受感染了。软骨感染很严重，一旦发现上述任何症状，一定要立刻就医。 [40]
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Question 7 的 14:

用穿刺针穿孔是否比用耳钉枪好？

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    后者比前者损伤更多组织，尤其是如果你使用不当。另外，耳钉枪很难妥善清洁和消毒，如果使用超过1次，会增加感染风险。 [41]
    • 穿孔师尤其建议不要用耳钉枪给耳骨穿孔，因为会更容易严重损伤或打碎耳骨。
Question 8 的 14:

耳骨穿孔后可以戴普通耳环吗？

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    一般来说，耳骨耳洞愈合后，你可以取出养耳洞用的耳钉，换上平时用于耳垂的耳钉或耳环。某些类型的耳饰专为佩戴在耳骨而设计，比如耳骨夹、圆珠耳圈或带螺纹的平面耳钉。
    • 不管你选哪一种风格，一定要选对型号，确保可以穿过耳洞。如果耳饰太大，无法穿过耳洞，不要强拉硬拽。 [42]
    • 耳饰太小也很容易钩住别的东西、被拉出来或是随着你的动作晃来晃去，非常恼人，甚至可能刺激皮肤。
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Question 9 的 14:

耳骨穿孔是否容易引发感染？

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    即使你非常小心地做好每一步，仍然有感染的风险。部分原因是流入耳骨的血液没有流入耳垂的多。感染通常发生在穿孔后的头一个月内。 [43]
    • 耳骨穿孔有可能引发一种名为软骨膜炎的深度感染。它会引起严重肿胀，而且非常疼痛，需要用口服抗生素进行治疗。医生也会在患处开一个小口，排掉脓和其它液体。 [44]
Question 10 的 14:

不小心刺穿静脉该怎么办？

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    穿孔后流少许血是正常的。 [45] 如果流出来的血似乎很多，取一个干净的布或纱布用力按压患处几分钟。要是血流不止，或是你很担心自己出血过多，建议去看医生。 [46]
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Question 11 的 14:

耳骨穿孔还有什么风险？

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    一定要选择医用钢、钛等低过敏性材质制成的耳环，以免刺激皮肤。过敏反应也会提高感染风险。 [47]
    • 耳骨穿孔尤其容易造成疤痕组织生长过度，医学上称为增生性瘢痕。 [48] 这种疤痕质地较硬，凸起于皮肤表面，通常呈红色或粉红色。不管你怎么仔细照顾耳洞，仍然有可能形成疤痕。一旦发现疤痕形成，立即向医生咨询可选的治疗方案，比如戴加压耳环或注射类固醇。 [49]
Question 12 的 14:

耳骨穿孔有多痛？

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    有的人觉得在耳骨穿孔相当痛，有的人完全感觉不到痛。使用的针有多锋利或是穿孔位置也有影响。在穿孔过程中，感到轻微刺痛或戳痛是正常的。 [50]
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Question 13 的 14:

耳骨穿孔是否会造成瘫痪？

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    这只是一个谣言。的确有报道称一名少女在耳骨穿孔后瘫痪，很可能就是这个谣言的起源。然而，该名少女的症状是格林-巴利综合症引起的。这是一种非常罕见的自身免疫性疾病，可能是她的耳朵受感染后引发的。 [51]
    • 格林-巴利综合症非常罕见，通常由呼吸道病毒引起。在耳骨穿孔后受感染而得病的几率非常低。
Question 14 的 14:

在耳轮穿孔是否会导致失明？

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    这只是一个谣言。在耳轮穿孔跟在耳骨其它部位穿孔一样，主要的风险是引发感染、过敏反应或结疤。
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参考

  1. ↑ https://safepiercing.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/APP_Procedures_2013_A_Web.pdf
  2. ↑ https://safepiercing.org/piercing-faq/#1603412688100-7f9cb889-1594
  3. ↑ https://familydoctor.org/body-piercing/
  4. ↑ https://familydoctor.org/body-piercing/
  5. ↑ https://youtu.be/1S0bySsslm4?t=85
  6. ↑ https://youtu.be/5LNTehhq8cg?t=20
  7. ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=83sjmTPnz48C&pg=PR9&lpg=PR9&dq=instructional+materials+for+piercers&source=bl&ots=uJqbqjgNyV&sig=ACfU3U0XqigGDp56STx_tsrBafRGgvoNvA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwijxaSUy_TxAhWFXc0KHTEWCgo4ChDoATAJegQIHRAD#v=onepage&q=cartilage&f=false
  8. ↑ https://safepiercing.org/jewelry-for-initial-piercings/
  9. ↑ https://healthunit.org/wp-content/uploads/Detailed_Infection_Prevention_Control_Procedures_Body_Piercing.pdf
  1. ↑ http://www.floridahealth.gov/environmental-health/body-piercing/_documents/SterileFieldSetup.pdf
  2. ↑ https://safepiercing.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/APP_Procedures_2013_A_Web.pdf
  3. ↑ https://www.cdc.gov/oralhealth/infectioncontrol/faqs/cleaning-disinfecting-environmental-surfaces.html
  4. ↑ https://safepiercing.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/APP_Procedures_2013_A_Web.pdf
  5. ↑ http://www.floridahealth.gov/environmental-health/body-piercing/_documents/SterileFieldSetup.pdf
  6. ↑ https://www.stjude.org/treatment/patient-resources/caregiver-resources/patient-family-education-sheets/tracheostomy-care/how-to-put-on-sterile-gloves.html
  7. ↑ http://www.floridahealth.gov/environmental-health/body-piercing/_documents/SterileFieldSetup.pdf
  8. ↑ http://www.floridahealth.gov/environmental-health/body-piercing/_documents/SterileFieldSetup.pdf
  9. ↑ https://youtu.be/w4oFqOLwxXU?t=87
  10. ↑ https://youtu.be/w4oFqOLwxXU?t=97
  11. ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=83sjmTPnz48C&pg=PR9&lpg=PR9&dq=instructional+materials+for+piercers&source=bl&ots=uJqbqjgNyV&sig=ACfU3U0XqigGDp56STx_tsrBafRGgvoNvA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwijxaSUy_TxAhWFXc0KHTEWCgo4ChDoATAJegQIHRAD#v=onepage&q=cartilage&f=false
  12. ↑ https://youtu.be/5LNTehhq8cg?t=36
  13. ↑ https://youtu.be/w4oFqOLwxXU?t=156
  14. ↑ https://youtu.be/w4oFqOLwxXU?t=166
  15. ↑ https://youtu.be/w4oFqOLwxXU?t=172
  16. ↑ https://healthunit.org/wp-content/uploads/Detailed_Infection_Prevention_Control_Procedures_Body_Piercing.pdf
  17. ↑ https://youtu.be/w4oFqOLwxXU?t=184
  18. ↑ https://safepiercing.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/APP_Procedures_2013_A_Web.pdf
  19. ↑ https://safepiercing.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/APP_Procedures_2013_A_Web.pdf
  20. ↑ https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/infected-piercings/
  21. ↑ https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=abk1292
  22. ↑ https://safepiercing.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/APP_Procedures_2013_A_Web.pdf
  23. ↑ https://safepiercing.org/aftercare/
  24. ↑ https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/piercings/art-20047317
  25. ↑ https://safepiercing.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/APP_Procedures_2013_A_Web.pdf
  26. ↑ https://youngwomenshealth.org/2013/08/07/body-piercing/
  27. ↑ https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21503-infected-ear-piercing
  28. ↑ https://www.today.com/style/how-long-it-takes-piercing-close-what-do-if-it-t182513
  29. ↑ https://safepiercing.org/aftercare/
  30. ↑ https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/infected-piercings/
  31. ↑ https://familydoctor.org/body-piercing/
  32. ↑ https://safepiercing.org/piercing-guns/
  33. ↑ https://www.today.com/style/how-long-it-takes-piercing-close-what-do-if-it-t182513
  34. ↑ https://www.aafp.org/afp/2005/1115/p2029.html
  35. ↑ https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/ear,-nose,-and-throat-disorders/external-ear-disorders/perichondritis-of-the-ear
  36. ↑ https://safepiercing.org/aftercare/
  37. ↑ https://www.stanfordchildrens.org/en/topic/default?id=cuts-and-wounds-of-the-external-ear-90-P02808
  38. ↑ https://www.aafp.org/afp/2005/1115/p2029.html
  39. ↑ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6933735/
  40. ↑ https://www.aafp.org/afp/2009/0801/p253.html
  41. ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=83sjmTPnz48C&pg=PR9&lpg=PR9&dq=instructional+materials+for+piercers&source=bl&ots=uJqbqjgNyV&sig=ACfU3U0XqigGDp56STx_tsrBafRGgvoNvA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwijxaSUy_TxAhWFXc0KHTEWCgo4ChDoATAJegQIHRAD#v=onepage&q=cartilage&f=false
  42. ↑ https://abcnews.go.com/Health/Wellness/teen-paralyzed-ear-piercing-infection-makes-remarkable-recovery/story?id=12114936

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