How to Measure Fundal Height

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When you're pregnant, one of the ways you and your doctor check whether the pregnancy is progressing normally is to determine the growth of the uterus. This can be done by 1 of 3 ways: via a sonogram, by palpating the uterus, and by measuring something called the "fundal height" - essentially the distance between the pubic bone and the top of the uterus. To learn how to have your fundal height measured (or how to do so yourself), see Step 1 below to get started!

Things You Should Know

  • Schedule an appointment with your doctor to get measured. If you're 17 weeks into your pregnancy, empty your bladder before you go.
  • Follow up with your doctor if you have unusual measurements. Twins/triplets, uterine fibroids, or a breached baby could cause this.
  • Or, measure yourself from home. Take some measuring tape and find the distance from your fundus to your pubic bone.
Method 1
Method 1 of 2:

Having a Doctor Measure Your Fundal Height

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  1. Though measuring your fundal height doesn't take long, it does typically require an office visit.
    • Being at the doctor's office also gives you the added benefit of being able to immediately discuss the results of your fundal height test with your doctor, should anything out of the ordinary be found.
  2. Depending on how far along you are in your pregnancy, your doctor may ask you to empty your bladder. [1]
    • The reason for this is that starting at around the 17-week mark, a full bladder can cause the fundal height measurement to off by a matter of centimeters.
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  3. Fundal height measurements are fairly precise - a discrepancy of only a centimeter or two can make the difference between a "normal" measurement and an "abnormal one".
    • Clothes, belts, and so on can cause small differences in your fundal height, so they are typically removed before measuring. Changing into a hospital gown minimizes the possibility of an inaccurate result and additionally offers your doctor the ability to easily access all areas needed for a good fundal height measurement.
  4. Your doctor will ask you to lay in a semi-recumbent position (this is simply laying on your back with your head slightly elevated). The semi-recumbent position makes it easy for the doctor to feel for your uterus by palpating the skin near your belly button.
  5. Before the actual measurement takes place, your doctor or their nurse or midwife will palpate your pregnant uterus to determine the baby's size, positioning and presentation.
    • The doctor, nurse, and/or midwife will check the volume of amniotic fluid and also attempt to identify the uterine fundus - the point on your stomach where the "top" of the uterus can be felt.
  6. After the palpation, the doctor will hold a metric-based measurement tape at the top of the uterus (or fundus) and stretch it along the top of your pregnant uterus, measuring along the longitudinal axis.
    • This means that the doctor will measure from the highest point of your uterus to the top of your symphysis pubis (the area located below your belly button where your pubic bone begins). The doctor will record your fundal height measurement in centimeters and enter it on your chart.
    • As a very general rule, the fundal height should be within 1 to 3 centimeters of the baby's gestational age in weeks. For example, for a person who's been pregnant for 20 weeks, a fundal height of about 17-23 cm is expected.
  7. After giving you a chance to dress, your doctor will come back and talk to you. At this point, if your fundal height measurement was abnormal, you'll probably discuss the possibility of additional tests.
  8. If your measurements do not fall within the normal parameters for your projected due date, this is not always a reason to worry. However, your doctor will probably want you to follow up with a sonogram in order to find out why your measurement was outside of the normal range of values. [2]
    • This can be for a variety of reasons - some completely harmless, others that are cause for concern (but by no means catastrophic).
    • Below are many of the causes for an abnormal fundal height:
    • Being especially tall and thin or short and heavy
    • Having a full bladder
    • Having twins, triplets, etc.
    • Abnormally slow or rapid fetal growth
    • Too little or too much amniotic fluid
    • Uterine fibroids
    • Having a child that has settled into breech or another unusual uterine position
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Method 2
Method 2 of 2:

Measuring Your Own Fundal Height

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  1. It's not difficult at all to measure your fundal height on your own. To begin, empty your bladder and shed your clothing as you would in preparation for a fundal height measurement at the doctor's office. If you'd like, you may choose to put on a loose gown or similar garment (like an over-sized tee shirt) to simulate a hospital gown.
    • Because most laypeople aren't medically trained in the procedure of measuring fundal heights and because, as noted above, an abnormal fundal height can have a wide variety of causes, it's important to remember not to make any medical decisions based on the results of a self-performed fundal height test . If you obtain an abnormal result, follow up with a trained doctor, nurse, or midwife for confirmation.
  2. Soft, flexible sewing-style measuring tools work best, as they can conform to the curve of your stomach for a more accurate measurement. However, in a pinch, a ruler or even your fingers can work as a measuring tool. Typically, fundal heights are measured in centimeters, but if all you have are tools that measure in inches, use the conversion factor 1 inch = 2.54 cm . [3]
  3. Hard surfaces (like the floor) work best - soft surfaces (like some mattresses) can allow your posture to "sink" into the surface somewhat. If desired, feel free to place a pillow under your head. [4]
  4. The symphysis pubis (pubic bone) is a small, ridge-like bone on the front of the body just above the pubic area. Feel for the top of the pubic bone just below the bottom of your stomach - usually, this is near the top of where your pubic hair naturally extends. The pubic bone is often covered by a layer of subcutaneous fat which can make it somewhat tricky to find - you may need to press gently into your skin with your fingers to feel it.
  5. Next, find your fundus (the "top" of your uterus) by feeling near your belly button. Relax your stomach muscles as you gently massage the area above and below your belly button. Feel for a vague "ridge" beneath the skin - this is your fundus. [5]
    • Generally, before the 20th week of pregnancy, the fundus will be below the belly button, while after the 20th week, it will be above it. [6]
  6. When you've found both your pubic bone and your fundus, it's time to measure. Hold the "0" end of your tape measure against the top of your pubic bone and carefully stretch it across your pubis, up and over the curve of your stomach, and to your fundus. Record this measurement (in cm). Generally, fundal heights should be within 1-4 cm of the baby's gestational age in weeks. For example, a 20 week-old pregnancy should have a fundal height of about 16-24 cm. [7]
    • If you don't have measuring tape or a ruler handy, use the old, traditional method of using your fingers. The width of one finger in the fundal height is roughly equivalent to one week of gestation time. Thus, for a 15 week-old pregnancy, you should expect roughly 15 finger-widths of fundal height.
  7. As noted above, there are many, many reasons why a woman's fundal height may not be within the expected 1-4 cm range of the baby's gestational age in weeks. Some of these reasons are harmless, while others are causes for mild concern. If you seem to be obtaining fundal height measurements that are outside of your expected range, contact a doctor for a definitive fundal height measurement and, if necessary, follow-up tests.
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      Tips

      • You can do this yourself at home, but it might not be an accurate measurement.
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      • Make sure you discuss any questions or concerns with your doctor.
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      • If you need to eat something before your appointment, make sure to eat light. The added pressure of palpation could cause a stomach upset or nausea.
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      Warnings

      • If you do choose to do this at home, don't be overly concerned if you get an odd measurement. You may not be placing the tape in the right place. Your doctor is a professional and is skilled in measuring fundal height.
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      Things You'll Need

      • Tape measure with metric readings (if you are going to do this at home)

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      References

      1. ↑ https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diagnostics/22294-fundal-height
      2. ↑ https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diagnostics/22294-fundal-height
      3. ↑ https://www.kemh.health.wa.gov.au/~/media/HSPs/NMHS/Hospitals/WNHS/Documents/Clinical-guidelines/Obs-Gyn-Guidelines/Fundal-Height-Measuring-with-a-Tape-Measure.pdf
      4. ↑ https://www.kemh.health.wa.gov.au/~/media/HSPs/NMHS/Hospitals/WNHS/Documents/Clinical-guidelines/Obs-Gyn-Guidelines/Fundal-Height-Measuring-with-a-Tape-Measure.pdf
      5. ↑ https://www.kemh.health.wa.gov.au/~/media/HSPs/NMHS/Hospitals/WNHS/Documents/Clinical-guidelines/Obs-Gyn-Guidelines/Fundal-Height-Measuring-with-a-Tape-Measure.pdf
      6. ↑ https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diagnostics/22294-fundal-height
      7. ↑ https://www.kemh.health.wa.gov.au/~/media/HSPs/NMHS/Hospitals/WNHS/Documents/Clinical-guidelines/Obs-Gyn-Guidelines/Fundal-Height-Measuring-with-a-Tape-Measure.pdf

      About This Article

      Article Summary X

      To measure your fundal height, start by going to the bathroom to empty your bladder, since a full bladder can cause the measurement to be off by several centimeters. Then, take off your clothes and lay on your back on a hard surface, like the floor. Next, relax your stomach muscles and massage the area above and below your belly button to find a subtle ridge, which marks the top of your uterus, or fundus. Finally, measure the distance from the top of your pubic bone to your fundus to get your fundal height. To learn how to compare your fundal height to your baby’s gestational age, keep reading!

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      • Megan Howard

        Jan 13, 2017

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