How to Replace Bearings for an Induction Motor

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An induction motor is an electric motor that uses electromagnets, and they are typically used in appliances like fans, refrigerators, and air conditioners. If you notice an appliance’s induction motor vibrating or if the motor doesn’t work at all, it may be time to replace the bearings inside. A motor’s bearings reduce friction to help the machine run smoothly and quietly, but they will fail if they’re old. While it can be a time-intensive process that requires you to take apart the motor, you may still replace the bearings on your own in a few hours. However, changing the bearings in a motor can be difficult if you don’t have the proper tools, so don’t hesitate to contact a professional if you need to.

Part 1
Part 1 of 3:

Taking the Motor Apart

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  1. If you still have your motor plugged in or attached to an appliance, unplug the power cord. Leave the motor unplugged throughout the entire time you’re working so you don’t injure yourself. Look for any wires attached to the side of the motor and unplug the box-shaped connector holding them there. Undo any bolts holding the motor inside of the appliance with a wrench so you can take the motor out. [1]
    • Never work on your motor while it’s still connected to power since you could get electrocuted.
    • The process for removing the motor will vary depending on what appliance you’re working on. Refer to your appliance’s user manual to determine the best way to disconnect the motor.
  2. Look for the end of the motor that’s enclosed and has vents. Locate the bolts around the top and bottom edges of the cover and loosen them with your ratchet. Set the cover aside to expose the fan underneath it. Use your ratchet or a screwdriver to detach the fan from the motor’s main body. [2]
    • If you have trouble turning the bolts on the cover or the fan, try lubricating them with WD-40 to help loosen them.
    • Screw the bolts back into the holes when you finish taking the cover off so you don’t lose them.
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  3. The end caps are the metal housings that protect the internal electronics of your motor, but it can be hard to tell which way to reinstall them later on. Find the seams between the end caps and the motor’s main body. Draw a line with your marker so it crosses over the seam. That way, you can line up your marks when you put the end cap back on. [3]
    • You don’t have to mark the top of the end cap if you don’t want to.

    Variation: You may also use a center punch to mark the top of your end cap. Place the tip of the punch on top of the end cap and hit it with a hammer 1–2 times. The punch will leave a small dent in the metal without damaging the motor.

  4. The tie rods are the long horizontal bolts that hold the end caps on your motor. Check each end cap for 4 nuts that are screwed onto the threaded tie rods. Use a ratchet or wrench to loosen the nuts and take them off of the tie rods. [4]
    • Typically, you’ll find the threaded ends of the tie rods on the same side of the motor as the fan.
    • Only one of the end caps will have nuts. The other end cap will have fixed bolts instead.
  5. Once you take off all of the nuts, grab one of the bolts on the other end cap. Carefully pull the tie rod straight out from the motor and set it aside. Then remove the rest of the bolts the same way. [5]
    • Screw the nuts back onto the tie rods so you don’t lose them.
  6. A dead blow hammer is a mallet coated in rubber so it doesn’t leave damage or dents when you use it. Place the edge of your hammer against the end cap’s seam right behind the hole for the top left nut. Lightly hit the end cap away from the motor 3-4 times to help loosen it. Switch to the bottom right hole and tap your hammer there. Alternate between hitting the end cap from opposite sides until it pops off. Then repeat the process on the end cap on the other side. [6]
    • Avoid using a metal hammer since you could possibly damage the internal components of the motor.
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Part 2
Part 2 of 3:

Removing the Bearings

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  1. You can use any chemical spray degreaser on your motor. Locate the horizontal metal shaft running through the middle of the engine and spray the exposed ends with your degreaser. Let the degreaser sit for 5–10 seconds before wiping it off with a shop cloth. [7]
    • You can buy a spray degreaser from your local hardware store.
  2. Locate the silver donut-shaped bearing attached to one end of the shaft. Set the center pole of the extractor on the end of the shaft so its claw reaches toward the bearing. Turn the adjustment knob on the extractor to open the claw so the bearing can fit inside of it. Tighten the knob again so the claw closes around the bearing. Make sure the tips of the claw touch the bearing’s inner ring, or else you could damage your motor. [8]
    • You can purchase a bearing extractor online or from your local hardware store.
    • Bearings fit tightly on the motor’s shaft so you usually cannot remove them without an extractor.
  3. Locate the handle at the end of the extractor that attaches to its center pole. Grip the handle with a wrench or ratchet and turn it clockwise. As you tighten the handle, the center pole will get longer and force the bearing off of the shaft. Keep turning the handle until the bearing easily slides off the shaft. [9]
    • If the bearing still doesn’t move, try spraying the shaft with WD-40 or another lubricant to help loosen it.
    • If the motor’s shaft also rotates when you turn the handle, try holding it still with your other hand or a wrench. Otherwise, the extractor may not work properly.

    Tip: If you accidentally remove the spacer washer behind the bearing, slide it back onto the motor’s shaft so you don’t lose them.

  4. Turn the motor around so you can take the bearing off of the other side. Secure the extractor around the second bearing so the center pole presses against the end of the shaft. Rotate the handle clockwise to pull the bearing straight off of the shaft. [10]
    • Save at least one of your bearings so you can ensure you buy the same size replacements. Otherwise, you can recycle them or take them to a local scrapyard.
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Part 3
Part 3 of 3:

Heating and Mounting the New Bearings

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  1. You can buy bearings for your motor online or at your local hardware store. Bring one of the old bearings with you so you can compare the sizes and types. Typically, bearings are sold in pairs but you may have to buy them separately. [11]
    • Check the main body of the motor for a sticker or imprint since it may list the bearing sizes you need.
    • Avoid using bearings that are the wrong size or type since they could damage your motor or cause it to work inefficiently.
    • Keep your bearings in their packaging until you’re ready to install them so they don’t get dirty.
  2. Check the temperature of the bearing with a laser thermometer and write down the measurement. Put the heating rod from the induction heater through the middle of the bearing and let it warm up. Check the display on the heater or use your thermometer every 30–60 seconds to see if the bearing is 50–70°F (20–50°C) warmer than its initial temperature. If it is, turn the heater off. [12]
    • Only heat one bearing at a time since the other may cool down before you have a chance to install it.
    • You can buy an induction heater specifically made for bearings online or at your local hardware store.
    • Avoid heating your bearings any hotter than 250 °F (121 °C) since you could damage them.
    • Heat helps expand the bearing’s inner ring so it’s easier to slide onto the motor’s shaft. Otherwise, the bearing may be too tight to slide on.

    Variation: If you don’t have an induction heater, you can also use an oil bath. Fill a container with oil that has a flash point above 482 °F (250 °C) and heat it so it’s around 175–250 °F (79–121 °C). Put the bearings in the oil and let them heat up completely. Be extremely careful since oil is extremely flammable and will burn if it splashes on you. [13]

  3. Since the bearing will be extremely hot, don’t touch it with your bare hands. Choose a thick pair of heat-resistant work gloves so you can safely handle the bearing without burning yourself. [14]
    • If you don’t have gloves, only use pliers or tongs to handle the bearing.
  4. Once the bearing heats up, carefully pull out the heating rod and set it aside. Pick up your bearing and guide it onto the shaft on either end of the motor. Push the bearing all the way onto the shaft until it presses tightly against the washer. [15]
    • You do not need to lubricate the shaft before putting the bearing on.
    • If you used an oil bath, wipe the bearings clean before you install them on the motor.
  5. Even if you heat the bearing, sometimes it may get stuck on the motor’s shaft. Position a bearing installation tool, which looks like a long tube with a circular end the same size as your bearing so it’s pressed flat against the front of the bearing. Tap the other end with your dead blow hammer to force the bearing into position. [16]
    • You can buy a bearing installation tool kit online or from your local hardware store.
    • You can also use a bearing installation tool if you don’t heat the bearing, though it will take more time to install.

    Warning: Never hit the bearing directly with a hammer since you can damage it easily.

  6. Put the heating rod through the middle of the second bearing and allow it to warm up. Once it’s 50–70°F (20–50°C) warmer, take it off of the heater and slide it on the shaft on the other end of the motor. Make sure the bearing presses firmly against the washer. [17]
  7. Avoid moving the motor around since the bearings are still loose and may slide out of position. Leave the bearings until they feel cool to the touch. Once they are, screw the end caps, fan, and fan cover back on the motor! [18]
    • It will typically take 30–60 minutes for the bearings to cool down.
  8. Place your motor back in the appliance and bolt it back down so it doesn’t move around. Plug the wire connector back into the side of the motor so power runs through it again. Once you have everything installed, plug the appliance into a power outlet and you’re finished!
    • If the motor still doesn’t work, you may need to hire someone to come and repair it.
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      Tips

      • Hire a repair person if you don’t feel confident changing the bearings on your motor by yourself.
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      Warnings

      • Never take apart an induction motor while it’s still connected to power since you could shock or electrocute yourself.
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      • Avoid hitting any bearings directly if they can’t push them all the way on, or else you may damage them. [19]
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      Things You’ll Need

      Taking the Motor Apart

      • Wrench or ratchet
      • Dead blow hammer

      Removing the Bearings

      • Degreaser
      • Shop cloth
      • Bearing extractor

      Heating and Mounting the New Bearings

      • Bearings
      • Digital thermometer
      • Induction heater
      • Heat-resistant gloves
      • Bearing installation tool
      • Wrench

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      References

      1. ↑ http://www.pacpump.com/pdfs/motor.pdf
      2. ↑ https://youtu.be/RCAL1E6TjkI?t=94
      3. ↑ https://www.skf.com/binaries/pub12/Images/0901d196802b0348-13459-EN-Rolling-bearings-and-seals-in-electric-motors-and-generators_tcm_12-134586.pdf
      4. ↑ https://youtu.be/RCAL1E6TjkI?t=223
      5. ↑ https://youtu.be/RCAL1E6TjkI?t=235
      6. ↑ https://youtu.be/RCAL1E6TjkI?t=319
      7. ↑ https://youtu.be/RCAL1E6TjkI?t=272
      8. ↑ http://www.pacpump.com/pdfs/motor.pdf
      9. ↑ https://www.skf.com/binaries/pub12/Images/0901d196802b0348-13459-EN-Rolling-bearings-and-seals-in-electric-motors-and-generators_tcm_12-134586.pdf
      1. ↑ https://youtu.be/RCAL1E6TjkI?t=618
      2. ↑ https://youtu.be/3H0N1bs7JrI?t=787
      3. ↑ https://www.skf.com/binaries/pub12/Images/0901d196802b0348-13459-EN-Rolling-bearings-and-seals-in-electric-motors-and-generators_tcm_12-134586.pdf
      4. ↑ https://medias.schaeffler.com/medias/montage/mh1_medias_023__en_gb__de.pdf
      5. ↑ https://youtu.be/L7usSoqM3wE?t=116
      6. ↑ https://youtu.be/L7usSoqM3wE?t=116
      7. ↑ https://www.skf.com/binaries/pub12/Images/0901d196802b0348-13459-EN-Rolling-bearings-and-seals-in-electric-motors-and-generators_tcm_12-134586.pdf
      8. ↑ https://youtu.be/RCAL1E6TjkI?t=1178
      9. ↑ https://youtu.be/L7usSoqM3wE?t=163
      10. ↑ http://www.pacpump.com/pdfs/motor.pdf

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