Easy Pet Care Tips for First-Time Pet Parents

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Learn the best ways to care for a pet (and which pet is best for you)
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Taking care of a pet is a big responsibility—but it can be a little easier if you know exactly what you’re signing up for. With the help of several dog and cat professionals, we’ll go over the most essential aspects of caring for a new pet, so you and your furry, scaly, or feathery friend can get off to the best possible start. Not sure which pet is best for you? We’ve got you covered there, too. Read on for plenty of advice on how to choose the best pet for you and your household, along with tips on how to keep your pet thriving in the months and years to come.

How do you take care of a pet?

Taking care of a pet involves giving them plenty of nutritious food each day and access to clean water at all times. It’s also important to offer safe housing, and to give them plenty of exercise and stimulation. To keep your pet healthy, bring them to the vet regularly for check-ups and preventative medication.

Section 1 of 3:

Essential Aspects of Caring for a Pet

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  1. There’s no doubt that pets offer countless blessings and benefits to our lives (like boosting our physical health and assisting with mental health concerns like depression, to name a few). [1] However, pets do require some degree of financial investment, big or small—you are paying for their food, toys, and medical care, after all! [2]
    • For instance, a big dog can easily cost over $1,000 to care for throughout the year.
  2. Pets need to be fed very frequently, and require nutritious food to help them grow healthy and strong. They also need plenty of clean, fresh water to help them stay hydrated. [3] Confer with your vet to get a better idea of what food is best for your pet, and how much you should be feeding them.
    • A pet’s feeding routine can depend on multiple factors, so it’s important to get a vet’s opinion on the best possible diet.
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  3. All pets need a safe and secure place that they can call home, whether that’s a house with a fenced-in backyard or a roomy cage with plenty of space to play and roam around. [4]
    • For dogs, veterinary experts recommend measuring the entire length of the dog and adding 6 in (15 cm) to that total. Then, multiply this number by itself to get the minimum amount of square footage your pup needs to roam. [5]
    • Cats ideally need a decent-sized indoor space with multiple rooms to explore. [6]
    • Some veterinary experts advise hamster owners having a cage that’s at least 39 in by 20 in (100 by 50 cm). [7]
    • Rabbits need lots of open space in a home so they can really explore the world around them. At minimum, a rabbit should have at least 10 by 6 by 3 ft (3 by 2 by 1 m) of room to move around, but more is even better. [8]
    • The size of a fish aquarium ultimately depends on the type and number of fish you plan on caring for .
  4. Pets need the freedom and access to relieve themselves whenever they want. For a dog, this likely means house training your pet so it can let you know when they need to go out. [9] For cats, this means providing at least 2 litter boxes (plus an extra 1 for each cat) and cleaning them frequently. For small animals like hamsters, this means changing their bedding frequently so they always have a clean place to relieve themselves. [10]
  5. Pets like dogs need plenty of exercise and stimulation each day, though the exact amount depends on your pet’s breed requirements—in many cases, walking 1 mi (1.6 km) daily with your dog can help them get the exercise they need. [11] Cats also need plenty of playtime and exercise—aiming for two daily play sessions that are around 15-20 minutes long is a good starting point. [12] Small animals like guinea pigs also need plenty of mental stimulation, as well as playtime outside their cage. [13]
  6. Dogs in particular require a certain amount of training to help them behave properly and safely interact with the world around them. Starting with basic commands, like sit, come, and stay, can make it easier to handle your dog in general. [14] Cats can also be trained at home. [15]
  7. Just like humans, pets need regular visits to the vet to make sure that they’re in great health. Scheduling regular appointments ensures that your pet is up-to-date on their vaccinations, as well. [18] Some vets specialize in vet care for exotic animals, like birds and reptiles.
    • Dogs, for example, need regular vet care. Yearly visits are a good option for adult dogs, while puppies require several vet visits to get their necessary vaccines. Older dogs may also require more frequent vet visits. [19]
    • It’s also important to stay on top of your pet’s dental care, especially if you have a dog or cat. Your vet can help you with this. [20]
    • Getting pet insurance can offer you some peace of mind in case any unexpected costs come up (like an emergency trip to the vet hospital). Typically, you’ll have to pay these costs ahead of time, and the insurance company pays you back later on. [21]
  8. Dogs in particular can benefit from visiting a groomer, who helps bathe them, trim their fur, trim their nails, and the like. While not every pet owner may need to visit a groomer, the service can definitely help if your pet has a high-maintenance coat and/or doesn’t like at-home grooming. [22]
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Section 2 of 3:

Best Pet Care Practices

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  1. While pets are important members of your household, that doesn’t mean you want their germs all over the place. Put your (and any member of your household’s) hygiene first by washing your hands frequently , especially after you interact with your pet and washing your pet’s items (e.g., food bowls, water bowls, etc.) in a different spot than where you wash your dishes. [23]
  2. Keep an eye on your dog when you take them for a walk, and pick up any waste with a disposable plastic bag as soon as your pet relieves themselves. Then, toss the bag into a trash can where it has no chance of falling out. [24]
    • If you don’t have a waste bin nearby, consider bringing the waste bag back home and flushing it, or carefully burying the poop in your yard (so it’s at least 1 ft (0.30 m) beneath the soil).
    • Pet waste can also pollute the environment if left unattended, which you definitely don’t want.
  3. Different states and municipalities have different requirements when it comes to leashing your pets and keeping them outside. Click or tap here to get a brief run-down of leash laws in your state, so you can be in-the-know (and on the right side of the law). [25]
  4. Thinking about your pet running away or otherwise getting lost is heartbreaking—but having your cat or dog microchipped can offer some valuable peace of mind in that worst case scenario. Visit your vet to get this done if you haven’t already. The process involves your pet being injected with a tiny microchip that spits out an ID number when properly scanned , which allows your pet to be identified accurately. [26]
    • Pro tip: Make sure that your cat or dog is always wearing a collar with the proper ID tags, so they can be easily identified and returned to you in the event that they get lost.
  5. Young kids may love animals, but they aren’t always great at reading an animal’s cues and knowing when it’s time to take a step back. If you have young kids at home, be sure to supervise them whenever they spend time around a pet, and give them helpful guidance on what to do and what not to do. [27]
    • While you keep a close eye on the child, make sure that they’re being sanitary during and after they play with the pet (e.g., washing their hands, keeping pet supplies/toys out of their mouth, etc.).
    • When it comes to a pet dog, dog trainer Nicole Shit notes how “kids love to bond with the family dog. You can cultivate the bond by having them feed, walk, and train the dog with you. Teaching tricks like paw, roll over, and play dead are fun and simple commands that may offer your child a little instant gratification when the pup gets it.” [28]
  6. Certain celebrations (like July 4th in the USA) can get really loud and scary for pets, especially when fireworks start going off. During these events, make sure that your pet feels safe and secure by: [29]
    • Keeping your pet as far from the event as possible
    • Checking that your pet has their collar and ID tags on in case they run off
    • Talking to your vet about other solutions if your pet has a serious fear
  7. Can you ask a friend or loved one to stop in and care for your pets, or do you need to board them at a kennel for the time being? If you opt for the kennel route, make sure that the facility is well-renowned in your community, and that your pet is up-to-date on any necessary vaccines. [30]
  8. If you live in a disaster-prone area (like a place that can be affected be wildfires), plan ahead long before disaster hits. Make sure that: [31]
    • Your pets have a safe place to go if you need to head out quickly
    • You have a go-bag with your pet’s necessary supplies (e.g., food, water, medication, etc.)
    • Your pet has a microchip in the event that you get separated
    • A friend, loved one, or neighbor is able to look after your pet if you can’t right away
  9. It can be heart-wrenching to see a wild animal in a tough situation (like a baby animal separated from its mother). However, it’s not a good idea for civilians to care for wildlife in any way—a wild animal can lash out or be carrying certain diseases. Instead, dial up the nearest wildlife rehabilitation center and see if they can help. [32]
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Section 3 of 3:

What pet should I get?

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  1. Do you have a house with a fenced-in backyard, or an apartment? Is your home filled with open space, or is on the cramped side? Knowing these factors can help you better understand which pet is best for you. [33]
    • If you have plenty of space for a pet to roam, a medium or large dog might be the best fit for you.
    • If you have a roomy apartment, a cat or rabbit could be a good match for your lifestyle.
    • If you don’t have a ton of space, a fish could be a good option.
  2. Some pets, like dogs, need frequent exercise and someone who’s able to take them out for walks regularly. If you have a lot of time to spare in your daily schedule, a dog might be a great fit. If you don’t have as much free time, a lower-maintenance pet (like a cat or small animal) might be a better choice. [34]
  3. Smaller animals, like hamsters, live for up to 2 years, and don’t require a long-term commitment. [35] Many other animals, however, can live a lot longer—cats, for instance, can live up to 20 years, while parrots can live well into their 60s. These are important factors to consider as you look toward your own future. [36]
    • Lifespans can vary among certain pets, like dogs. For instance, really big dogs (like Mastiffs) have a lifespan of 8-10 years, while really small dogs (like Chihuahuas) have a lifespan of 10 to 15 years. Smaller dogs typically live longer than bigger dogs, on average. [37]
  4. Some pets are naturally better with young children; for instance, dog breeds like Alaskan Malamutes, American Staffordshire Terriers, Collies, Labrador Retrievers, Newfoundlands, and Pugs are all considered to be great family dog breeds. [38] Regardless of the pet you choose, it’s important to keep a close eye on your kids whenever they spend time around the pet in question. [39]
    • Avoid keeping especially germ-ridden pets (e.g., frogs, lizards, snakes, chickens, etc.) if you have young children at home. [40]
  5. Are you aiming to have lots of cuddle time with your pet, or are you content having a more hands-off relationship with them? Some dog breeds—like the French Bulldog, for instance—are incredibly affectionate. [41] Meanwhile, you might find that a house cat isn’t as naturally cuddly. This is an important factor to keep in mind when choosing a long-time pet.
    • Some pets might need a little extra training than others, too. A puppy or kitten, for instance, will likely require a bit more hands-on training time.
  6. Knowing your annual budget can help you to narrow down the best pet for you and your household. Here’s a quick breakdown of the average annual cost for popular pets: [42]
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Pet 1st Year Cost Annual Cost
Annual Pet Costs
Small dog
 $1,471 $737
Medium dog
 $1,779 $894
Large dog
 $2,008 $1,040
Cat
 $1,174 $809
Rabbit
 $803 $478
Guinea pig
 $374 $304
Ferret
 $614 $574
Small bird
 $387 $317
Fish
 $227 $27

How Often Should You Take Your Dog To The Vet?


Expert Q&A

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  • Question
    Can I groom my dog myself?
    Belgin Altundag
    Certified Dog Trainer
    Belgin Altundag is a Certified Dog Trainer and the Owner of Happy Doggies Day Care/Day Camp in West Hollywood, California. A passionate animal lover, Belgin is knowledgeable about multiple training styles, including obedience training, problem-solving, activity training, and behavior modification. In addition to being an Animal Behavior College’s Certified Dog Trainer (ABCDT), Belgin has also completed the Training Cesar's Way Fundamentals of Dog Behavior and Training Programs 1 and 2 and is certified by the American Red Cross in Cat and Dog First-Aid.
    Belgin Altundag
    Certified Dog Trainer
    Expert Answer
    Yes, but you should ultimately use your best judgement. Consider going to a groomer if you're dealing with a snappy dog, an unfamiliar dog, or a rescue dog,
    Thanks! We're glad this was helpful.
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  • Question
    What do you do if your dog hates being groomed?
    Belgin Altundag
    Certified Dog Trainer
    Belgin Altundag is a Certified Dog Trainer and the Owner of Happy Doggies Day Care/Day Camp in West Hollywood, California. A passionate animal lover, Belgin is knowledgeable about multiple training styles, including obedience training, problem-solving, activity training, and behavior modification. In addition to being an Animal Behavior College’s Certified Dog Trainer (ABCDT), Belgin has also completed the Training Cesar's Way Fundamentals of Dog Behavior and Training Programs 1 and 2 and is certified by the American Red Cross in Cat and Dog First-Aid.
    Belgin Altundag
    Certified Dog Trainer
    Expert Answer
    Try to get your dog tuckered out first. You might take them for a swim or go out for a walk beforehand.
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  • Question
    How do I give my cat a bath if she has long clumps of fur?
    Community Answer
    I suggest combing through your cat's fur with a cat brush to gently remove shredded hair that is still attached, just be gentle and do not pull at the fur. If that doesn't work, you can bathe her or take her to a professional groomer.
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      Tips

      • Think about adopting a dog (or other pet) from your local shelter! According to Skeehan, “When you adopt a pet from a shelter, you don’t just save one life: you save the life of a dog you’ve adopted, and then you also save the life of the dog who gets to take that kennel when the dog you adopted leaves. You’re saving two lives for the price of one, which is pretty cool.” [43]
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      • Want a little more help narrowing down the best pet for you and your household? Check out wikiHow’s What Pet Should I Get Quiz for extra help.
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      Tips from our Readers

      The advice in this section is based on the lived experiences of wikiHow readers like you. If you have a helpful tip you’d like to share on wikiHow, please submit it in the field below.
      • Adopting older pets can be very rewarding! Adult dogs and cats are often calmer and more likely to be trained. Give a sweet senior a loving home.
      • Never feed chocolate to any pet — it's toxic for them. Always research foods that could harm your particular animal before offering treats.
      • Love your pet unconditionally and make time every day just to interact with them. Even a short cuddle or play session strengthens your bond.
      • When bringing home a new pet, introduce them to the space slowly and give them their own corner as a safe zone. This eases the transition.
      • Take your dog for regular walks and playtime. Exercise strengthens their body and deepens your relationship. Make it fun for both of you!
      • Clean your pet's living area, food bowls, etc. regularly to prevent illness. A clean, healthy home shows them you care.
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      References

      1. ↑ https://www.cdc.gov/healthypets/keeping-pets-and-people-healthy/how.html
      2. ↑ https://anticruelty.org/pet-library/estimated-annual-cost-owning-pet
      3. ↑ https://blogs.cdc.gov/publichealthmatters/2018/05/national-pet-week/
      4. ↑ https://blogs.cdc.gov/publichealthmatters/2018/05/national-pet-week/
      5. ↑ https://www.aphis.usda.gov/sites/default/files/minimum-space-requirements-for-dogs.pdf
      6. ↑ https://www.rspca.org.uk/adviceandwelfare/pets/cats/environment/indoors
      7. ↑ https://www.pdsa.org.uk/pet-help-and-advice/looking-after-your-pet/small-pets/the-ideal-home-for-your-hamster
      8. ↑ https://www.pdsa.org.uk/pet-help-and-advice/looking-after-your-pet/rabbits/creating-the-ideal-home-for-your-rabbits
      9. ↑ https://www.humanesociety.org/resources/how-potty-train-your-dog-or-puppy
      1. ↑ https://www.rspca.org.uk/documents/1494939/0/How+to+take+care+of+your+hamster+%28PDF+1.21MB%29.pdf/1fe52927-6265-18e4-1135-6a1a875f7a6a?t=1571906231447
      2. ↑ https://www.americanhumane.org/fact-sheet/exercising-your-pet/
      3. ↑ https://www.pdsa.org.uk/pet-help-and-advice/looking-after-your-pet/kittens-cats/exercise-for-your-cat
      4. ↑ https://petsitters.org/page/EnrichmentIdeasforGuineaPigs
      5. ↑ https://www.rspca.org.uk/adviceandwelfare/pets/dogs/training
      6. ↑ https://www.bps.org.uk/psychologist/how-train-cat
      7. ↑ Colleen Demling-Riley, CPDT-KA, CBCC-KA, CDBC. Canine Behavior Consultant. Expert Interview. 30 October 2022.
      8. ↑ Molly DeVoss. Certified Feline Training and Behavior Specialist & Certified Cat Behavior Consultant. Expert Interview. 28 June 2021.
      9. ↑ https://www.rspcapetinsurance.org.au/pet-care/dog-care/how-often-does-my-dog-need-to-visit-the-vet
      10. ↑ https://www.akc.org/expert-advice/health/how-often-should-i-take-my-dog-to-the-vet/
      11. ↑ https://www.avma.org/resources-tools/pet-owners/petcare/pet-dental-care
      12. ↑ https://www.avma.org/resources-tools/pet-owners/petcare/do-you-need-pet-insurance
      13. ↑ https://www.akc.org/expert-advice/health/why-its-worth-having-your-dog-groomed-professionally/
      14. ↑ https://www.cdc.gov/healthypets/keeping-pets-and-people-healthy/how.html
      15. ↑ https://cfpub.epa.gov/npstbx/files/KSMO_PetWaste.pdf
      16. ↑ https://www.animallaw.info/topic/table-state-dog-leash-laws
      17. ↑ https://www.avma.org/resources-tools/pet-owners/petcare/microchips-reunite-pets-families/microchipping-faq
      18. ↑ https://www.cdc.gov/healthypets/keeping-pets-and-people-healthy/how.html
      19. ↑ Nicole Larocco-Skeehan. Dog Trainer. Expert Interview. 29 September 2022.
      20. ↑ https://www.humanesociety.org/resources/fireworks-explosion-fear-animals
      21. ↑ https://www.rspca.org.uk/adviceandwelfare/pets/general/holiday/leavingyourpet
      22. ↑ https://www.ready.gov/pets
      23. ↑ https://www.cdc.gov/healthypets/keeping-pets-and-people-healthy/how.html
      24. ↑ https://www.pdsa.org.uk/pet-help-and-advice/choosing-a-pet
      25. ↑ https://www.pdsa.org.uk/pet-help-and-advice/choosing-a-pet
      26. ↑ https://www.rspca.org.uk/adviceandwelfare/pets/rodents/hamsters
      27. ↑ https://www.pdsa.org.uk/pet-help-and-advice/choosing-a-pet
      28. ↑ https://www.akc.org/expert-advice/health/how-long-do-dogs-live/
      29. ↑ https://www.akc.org/dog-breeds/best-family-dogs/
      30. ↑ https://blogs.cdc.gov/publichealthmatters/2018/05/national-pet-week/
      31. ↑ https://www.cdc.gov/healthypets/keeping-pets-and-people-healthy/how.html
      32. ↑ https://www.akc.org/dog-breeds/french-bulldog/
      33. ↑ https://anticruelty.org/pet-library/estimated-annual-cost-owning-pet
      34. ↑ Nicole Larocco-Skeehan. Dog Trainer. Expert Interview. 29 September 2022.

      About This Article

      Article Summary X

      After making sure your pet has access to water and nutritious food, the next best way to care for it is to give it daily attention. Give your pet occasional treats after it’s displayed good behavior. Take your pet for a walk or let it out of its cage at least once a day. Buy toys and play with your pet so it gets enough exercise. If you want to know more about making a budget for your pet or on scheduling veterinary trips, continue reading the article!

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